The Effects of Staged Sowing on Yield and Quality of Summer Maize

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0046

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of the study is to explore the effects of different sowing dates on dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of summer maize under the background of climate change. ‘Denghai 605’ was used as the test material, four sowing dates were set: May 31 (sowing date 1, S1), June 10 (sowing date 2, S2), June 20 (sowing date 3, S3) and June 30 (sowing date 4, S4), to study the effects of different sowing dates on plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain filling characteristics, yield and quality formation of summer maize under different climate backgrounds in different years. The yield of summer maize varied from year to year at different sowing dates. The yield was higher under S3 in 2018. S1 had the highest yield in 2019, which was higher than that of other years. S2 had the highest yield in 2020, which was significantly higher than that of other sowing dates. Maize population yield was significantly correlated with accumulated temperature, ear diameter was significantly correlated with precipitation, and extremely significantly correlated with sunlight; ear length was significantly correlated with sunlight. Different sowing dates had an impact on the content of grain protein, fat and starch, and had a greater impact on crude fiber content. Accumulated temperature was significantly correlated with grain fat content and crude fiber content, and sunlight was significantly correlated with grain starch content. The effect of sowing date on plant height was relatively small and the effect on leaf area index was large. Sowing at the right time could effectively increase the leaf area index and biomass of maize. Leaf area index was significantly higher under S2 and S3 in 2018, especially the leaf area index under S3 were higher than that of other sowing dates in this year, the ear dry matter accumulation was high at the harvest stage, and the yield was higher than that at other sowing dates. Sowing at the right time can make full use of local climatic conditions, improve the utilization of sunlight, temperature and water resources by summer maize, promote the transfer of photosynthetic assimilates from the leaves to the ears, and increase the rate of grain filling, thus effectively increasing grain weight and ensuring the formation of yield and quality.

Key words: summer maize, staged sowing, grain filling, yield, quality

CUI Zhaoyun, ZOU Junli, YANG Rongguang, SHI Zhaopeng. The Effects of Staged Sowing on Yield and Quality of Summer Maize[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(5): 1-9.

Figures/Tables 7

References 44

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年份	时期	积温/℃	降水量/mm	日照/h
2018	全生育期	2626.1	512.7	663.2
	播种-拔节	907.4	107.0	242.0
	拔节-开花	534.5	85.2	114.7
	开花-成熟	1184.2	320.5	306.5
2019	全生育期	2552.8	323.7	570.3
	播种-拔节	882.1	25.9	198.6
	拔节-开花	505.8	177.5	78.8
	开花-成熟	1164.9	120.3	292.9
2020	全生育期	2520.9	781.0	993.8
	播种-拔节	800.5	263.8	328.5
	拔节-开花	618.9	411.9	211.0
	开花-成熟	1083.5	105.3	454.3

年份	时期	积温/℃	降水量/mm	日照/h
2018	全生育期	2626.1	512.7	663.2
	播种-拔节	907.4	107.0	242.0
	拔节-开花	534.5	85.2	114.7
	开花-成熟	1184.2	320.5	306.5
2019	全生育期	2552.8	323.7	570.3
	播种-拔节	882.1	25.9	198.6
	拔节-开花	505.8	177.5	78.8
	开花-成熟	1164.9	120.3	292.9
2020	全生育期	2520.9	781.0	993.8
	播种-拔节	800.5	263.8	328.5
	拔节-开花	618.9	411.9	211.0
	开花-成熟	1083.5	105.3	454.3

年份	播期	果穗粗/cm	果穗长/cm	每穗粒数	百粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
2018	S1	4.73 b	20.60 a	472.53 a	31.30 b	12714.38 a
	S2	4.70 b	14.70 c	332.07 b	28.98 c	15942.17 a
	S3	4.59 b	16.22 bc	323.93 b	33.47 a	17583.28 a
	S4	4.90 a	17.47 b	372.73 b	30.31 bc	13121.40 a
2019	S1	5.24 a	24.68 a	656.40 a	37.46 a	19466.27a
	S2	5.05 ab	22.55 b	604.20 a	33.47 ab	17405.85 b
	S3	4.47 c	16.90 c	588.47 a	29.41 b	11204.13 c
	S4	4.91 b	17.48 c	373.72 b	30.31 b	13121.40 c
2020	S1	5.13 a	19.59 a	567.13 a	27.05 b	11052.71 b
	S2	5.23 a	22.28 a	556.13 a	29.76 ab	12809.12 a
	S3	4.99 a	22.60 a	455.27 b	33.73 a	10974.36 b
	S4	4.65 b	21.41 a	386.67 c	29.10 ab	10422.17 b
积温		ns	ns	ns	ns	*
降水		*	ns	ns	ns	ns
日照		**	*	ns	ns	ns

年份	播期	果穗粗/cm	果穗长/cm	每穗粒数	百粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
2018	S1	4.73 b	20.60 a	472.53 a	31.30 b	12714.38 a
	S2	4.70 b	14.70 c	332.07 b	28.98 c	15942.17 a
	S3	4.59 b	16.22 bc	323.93 b	33.47 a	17583.28 a
	S4	4.90 a	17.47 b	372.73 b	30.31 bc	13121.40 a
2019	S1	5.24 a	24.68 a	656.40 a	37.46 a	19466.27a
	S2	5.05 ab	22.55 b	604.20 a	33.47 ab	17405.85 b
	S3	4.47 c	16.90 c	588.47 a	29.41 b	11204.13 c
	S4	4.91 b	17.48 c	373.72 b	30.31 b	13121.40 c
2020	S1	5.13 a	19.59 a	567.13 a	27.05 b	11052.71 b
	S2	5.23 a	22.28 a	556.13 a	29.76 ab	12809.12 a
	S3	4.99 a	22.60 a	455.27 b	33.73 a	10974.36 b
	S4	4.65 b	21.41 a	386.67 c	29.10 ab	10422.17 b
积温		ns	ns	ns	ns	*
降水		*	ns	ns	ns	ns
日照		**	*	ns	ns	ns

年份	播期	蛋白质/(g/100 g)	脂肪/(g/100 g)	淀粉/(g/100 g)	粗纤维/%
2018	S1	8.85 a	3.00 a	67.00 a	4.30 c
	S2	8.95 a	2.90 a	64.00 b	5.50 a
	S3	8.72 a	2.90 a	66.00 ab	5.10 b
	S4	8.07 a	2.80 a	68.00 a	4.80 b
2019	S1	8.58 a	3.60 a	64.80 a	3.90 a
	S2	7.61 b	3.50 a	65.30 a	3.80 a
	S3	7.82 b	3.40 a	65.80 a	3.10 c
	S4	8.42 a	3.50 a	66.00 a	3.50 b
2020	S1	8.86 a	3.70 b	64.10 a	3.00 a
	S2	8.88 a	4.40 a	65.50 a	2.90 a
	S3	8.89 a	3.90 b	58.40 b	2.70 b
	S4	8.37 a	3.70 b	64.90 a	2.30 c
积温		ns	*	ns	*
降水		ns	ns	ns	ns
日照		ns	ns	*	ns