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  Present Situation and Development Trend of Silage Corn Industry in China WANG Xiaoguang, SHI Guiqing, LIU Chunge, WU Peng, WANG Ronghuan, SHAN Hong, FENG Peiyu, CHENG Guanglei Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 20-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0118 Abstract + (637)    HTML (20)    PDF (1114KB) (283)       Knowledge map    Silage corn has the reputation of "the king of feed", and generally accounts for about 80% of roughage in the diet formula of dairy cows in developed countries such as the United States. In recent years, the planting area of silage corn has shown a rapid upward trend. In 2016, the planting area of silage corn in China was about 1 million hectares, reaching 1.67 million hectares in 2018, and increasing to more than 2 million hectares in 2020. The number of silage corn approved varieties has also shown explosive growth, with 7 national and provincial silage corn approved varieties in 2016 and a peak of 50 in 2019. From the analysis of planting costs and profits in the national survey, the benefits of planting silage corn are relatively considerable. China has initially formed circular industrial chains such as silage corn seed enterprises, silage production enterprises, and silage consumption enterprises and so on, but there is still a lack of powerful functional departments and industrial organizations to promote the rapid development of the industry. An authoritative evaluation and pricing mechanism for silage corn products beyond the interests of industrial chains has not been established yet. With the continuous improvement of the breeding level of animal husbandry in China, people have gradually enhanced their understanding of the "double-high crops" of the utilization rate and transformation efficiency of whole plant silage corn. On the basis of becoming the main diet of dairy cows, silage corn will further become a high-quality feed for ruminants such as beef cattle and sheep, and the silage corn industry will usher in a new wave of development.

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  A New Method of Tobacco Transplanting-Cup-covered Transplanting Technology LI Zhen, CHEN Weilin, MA Ying, WEN Hong, WANG Xingshi, LIN Yechun, CAI Kai, GAO Weichang Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (10): 56-61.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0145 Abstract + (96)    HTML (2)    PDF (1570KB) (263)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of cup-cover transplanting instead of plastic film application, taking appropriative cup and film as test materials,experiments were carried out to study the effect of two transplanting patterns (cup-cover and plastic film mulching) on yield, output value, quality and production cost of flue-cured tobacco. The cup-cover transplanting of tobacco played the role in warming, preventing insect, avoiding hail and water retention of soil through the "micro greenhouse" effect, and the product characteristics and agronomic standards were constructed. Compared with plastic film mulching, cup-cover increased average yield by 75.40 kg/hm2 and outcome by 2770.5 yuan/hm2, decreased plastic consumption by 60.00%and labor consumption by 63.40%. It had been popularized more than 70000 hectares because of its advantages of low consumption and environmental protection, although cup-cover transplanting had functional limitationin high altitude and low temperature areas. As a promising transplanting technology, cup-cover transplanting provides a new method for controlling residual film pollution.

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  The Current Situation and Challenge of Agricultural Science Popularization in China LI Yinqiu, GUAN Sijia, YANG Jinjin, MA Yixing Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (11): 88-94.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0024 Abstract + (156)    HTML (5)    PDF (1155KB) (225)       Knowledge map    Agricultural science popularization is not only an important bridge to realize the effective transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements, but also the key to realize the improvement of national agricultural scientific literacy. The purpose of this study is to explore the modernization development path of agricultural science popularization for different social groups in China, in order to provide feasible suggestions for the development of agricultural science popularization to meet multiple demands at the present stage. Based on the statistical data of China's science popularization in 2021, this paper analyzes the current status and problems of China's agricultural science popularization through horizontal and vertical comparison of science popularization data from the perspectives of talent team, communication channels, bases and funds. Generally, the development of agricultural science popularization in China is in a good direction on the whole. The teams, channels and bases have been greatly developed, but there are still deficiencies in the supply of science popularization content, interest, special facilities and the participation of multiple subjects. Therefore, to promote the development of agricultural science popularization in China, it is necessary to fully optimize the allocation of existing resources, improve the application of new media, and realize the multiple inputs of market entities and multi-party participation of agricultural science popularization talents.

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  Nanguo Pear in Anshan: The Influencing Factors of Flowering Period and the Forecast of Initial Flowering Period HAN Yanfeng, HE Jun, KANG Xiaoyu Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (11): 81-87.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0169 Abstract + (102)    HTML (3)    PDF (1345KB) (190)       Knowledge map    Nanguo pear is a kind of Geographic Indications Product in Liaoning, and pear flower viewing is a tourism resource to be developed. Forecasting the flowering period is conducive to promoting the tourism industry. Based on the meteorological data of Anshan from 2000 to 2022 and the phenological data of the flowering period, we established a forecast model to screen related climate factors by using relevant analysis and stepwise regression methods. The results showed that the temperature in March was the main factor that affected the initial flowering period, followed by precipitation and light. Anshan Nanguo pear started to blossom in middle and late April. The flowering started in late April if the average temperature in the middle of March was less than 4.0℃, the average maximum temperature was less than 9.0℃, the average temperature from the middle of March to the first ten days of April was less than 6.0℃, and the average minimum temperature was less than 2.0℃. Without these conditions, the flowering started in the first ten days of April. The initial flowering period was advanced by 2-3 days when the temperature increased by 1℃. We selected six factors by stepwise regression, including the average temperature and the average maximum temperature in the middle of March, the average temperature, the average maximum temperature and the average minimum temperature from the middle of March to the first ten days of April, and the precipitation from the last ten days of March to the first ten days of April. The accuracy of the prediction model for the initial flowering period was 84.8%. It is feasible to predict the initial flowering period of Anshan Nanguo pear by using relevant indicators and stepwise regression model, and the method can be included in special meteorological forecast services.

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  Research Status and Trend of Maize Planting Density and Yield LI Jiahang, WANG Shaoxin, XU Luo, LI Zhongjian, WANG Baobao, FENG Jianying Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (11): 1-11.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0157 Abstract + (312)    HTML (17)    PDF (3278KB) (174)       Knowledge map    To have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of researches on maize planting density and yield at home and abroad, 5150 pieces of literature on maize planting density and yield collected from the CNKI database and Web of Science Core Collection database from 2000 to 2022 were taken as samples for visual analysis based on CiteSpace software. The results showed that the United States ranked first in the total research volume in this field, followed by China, far beyond other countries. In recent years, China had overtaken the United States in the number of research papers in this field, and kept more than 100 articles published every year. Agronomy Journal had the largest number of publications, with a total of 230 papers, and had the largest influence in academic circles. Chinese scholar Liu Peng published the most papers, made the greatest contribution to the research progress in this field, and cooperated closely with other authors. The research institutions were mainly universities, mostly in northern China, and the cooperation among regional institutions needed to be strengthened. In this field, special corn such as fresh food and silage corn, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, sustainable agriculture, mechanized management, soil properties, yield loss, mathematical model, straw utilization, and so on are the hot research issues in recent years.

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  Research Progress and Prospects of Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera QUAN Linfa, YAO Qiong, DONG Yizhi, XU Shu, CHI Yanyan, CHEN Bingxu Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (9): 38-45.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0097 Abstract + (215)    HTML (7)    PDF (1940KB) (167)       Knowledge map    A long period of evolution causes obviously diurnal and seasonal rhythmic changes in insect life and behavior-circadian clock. At present, Lepidoptera is the most species-rich group of insects, including about 160000 identified species of butterflies and moths, and nearly 70% of the important major agricultural and forestry pests belong to Lepidoptera. The research progress of the circadian clock in Lepidoptera is of great significance for in-depth analysis of variable physiological and behavioral regulation mechanisms of Lepidoptera, effective development of the production of economic insects, and the control of agricultural and forestry pests. In this paper, the effects of the circadian clock on hatching, eating, growth, metamorphosis, reproduction and diapause, courtship behavior and migration in Lepidoptera were summarized. And the critical research advances of molecular regulation of circadian clock and coordinated regulation of circadian clock and endocrine hormones in Lepidoptera were particularly described. Based on the circadian clock principle, we discussed the co-evolutionary relationship between Lepidoptera and plants and its important ecological implications, and the application prospect of circadian clock theory in agricultural pest control and economic insect rearing improvement.

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  Carotenoids’ Contents in Different Wheat Varieties: Comparative Analysis SUN Xin, CUI Zhengyong, LI Xinhua, YANG Zaidong, LIU Ying, SUN Mingzhu, ZHANG Tianyu, LI Peng, SONG Huadong Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 1-4.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0040 Abstract + (286)    HTML (12)    PDF (1342KB) (164)       Knowledge map    Carotenoids are important factors affecting the color and nutritional quality of wheat flour and flour products. They have functions such as antioxidant, cancerprevention, and night blindness prevention. In order to study the contents of carotenoids among different wheat varieties, ‘19Q1121’, ‘Luyuan 502’, ‘Jimai 22’, ‘Luyan 128’, ‘Luyuan 309’ were used to determine the composition and content of carotenoids by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). The results show that the main components of carotenoids are lutein, zeaxanthins, canthaxanthin, lutein palmitate, lutein dipalmitate, lutein oleic acid ester, etc. Among them, the content of lutein in ‘Luyuan 309’is 7.45 μg/g, which is significantly higher than that of other varieties. In this experiment, the method for cultivating new wheat varieties with high carotenoid content was obtained, which could lay a foundation for improving the nutritional quality of wheat.

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  The Application of Digital Agriculture Technology in Intelligent Management of Agro-Product Quality and Safety YANG Ling Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 97-100.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0152 Abstract + (173)    HTML (13)    PDF (1025KB) (159)       Knowledge map    Digital agriculture is the development trend of agricultural modernization. Based on the current situation of management of agro-product quality and safety, this paper expounds that digital agricultural technology can be applied in the quality control of the production process, improvement of supervision efficiency and market information services to promote management of agro-product quality and safety. The realistic challenges are analyzed in this paper, and some suggestions are put forward, including unified information management of agro-product producers, emphasizing key points, developing classified guidance of agro-product producers and strengthening technical support.

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  Research Progress and Prevention and Control Techniques of Pomegranate Freezing Injury WANG Qingjun Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 70-74.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0081 Abstract + (154)    HTML (3)    PDF (1069KB) (159)       Knowledge map    Pomegranate freezing injury occurs from time to time in northern China, and it can be classified into different types as sudden-cooling in late autumn, low temperature in winter, and late spring coldness. The damage, causes and cold resistance evaluation of freezing injury were briefly described; summarized the impacts of different techniques, including cultivation management, variety selection, planting suitable species in suitable places, and planting in protected areas, on the prevention and control of freezing injury; and proposed countermeasures from variety selection, variety validation and construction of prevention and control systems.

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  The Strigolactones Inhibitory Factor D53/SMXLs: A Review WANG Xueling, WANG Ruyue, LI Jihong, WANG Jinnan, WANG Dongyue, NIU Muge, SUN Maotong Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (10): 37-43.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0070 Abstract + (136)    HTML (4)    PDF (1440KB) (153)       Knowledge map    Strigolactones (SLs) is a new type of plant hormone, which is involved in regulating plant branching, reproductive development, leaf senescence and other biological processes. D53/SMXLs is an inhibitor of monolactone signal transduction pathway, and plays an important role in monolactone signal transduction. The previous studies about strigolactones inhibitory factor D53/SMXLs at home and abroad were reviewed. The discovery, structure, signal transduction mechanism, molecular biological functions and other functions of D53/SMXLs were summarized. At last, it was pointed out that the three aspects of strigolactones signal transduction pathway should be further improved and studied.

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  Effect of Density and Growth Regulator Interaction on Yield and Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize ‘Zidan11’ CHEN Jun, ZHANG Haijun, LI Xiaoyu, LI Wenqian Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 12-19.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0099 Abstract + (119)    HTML (3)    PDF (1380KB) (150)       Knowledge map    Through the interaction between planting density and various of growth regulators, the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation per plant, grain filling rate and yield characters of summer maize ‘Zidan11’ were tested and analyzed, the reasonable planting density and the selection and use of growth regulators of summer maize ‘Zidan11’ in central Shandong were discussed. The results showed that the maximum planting density of ‘Zidan11’ was 75000 plants/hm2, and the yield would decrease significantly if the density exceeded this. When the density increased without the application of growth regulator, the lodging resistance of ‘Zidan11’ straw would be weakened. The best yield could be obtained by the treatment of 67500 plants/hm2 densityand‘amino acid water-soluble fertilizer’. The maturity period with the treatment was delayed and could be used as storage corn ear production, but it should not be harvested too late. The treatment with the density of 75000 plants/hm2 and‘30% aminoacyl ester and ethephon’could obtain relatively stable yield with low leaf area index, dry matter accumulation per plant and short maturity period, and had the best anti-falling ability, which was suitable for the grain production of ‘Zidan11’ land intensive mode in the central Shandong Plain.

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  Analysis of the Effect of Green Production Behavior of Apple Growers on Increasing Income based on New Media Marketing CHEN Houhua, XU Jin, LI Meifang Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 94-100.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0049 Abstract + (164)    HTML (2)    PDF (1305KB) (148)       Knowledge map    Based on the field survey data of 405 apple farmers in Yantai City, Shandong Province, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of green production behavior adoption on income and the mesomeric effect of new media marketing in the process of green production behavior income increase, and discussed the differences and mechanisms of the impact of green production behavior adoption on different income farmers. Research has found that the adoption of green production behavior can significantly increase the income of apple growers, which means that the adoption of green production behavior has a significant positive impact on the income increase effect of farmers, and the income increase effect for low-income farmers is significantly higher than that of high-middle income farmers. New media marketing is an intermediary variable that promotes the green production behavior of apple growers to increase their income. Its indirect impact accounts for 53.49%, indicating that the more channels farmers adopt new media marketing, the stronger the positive impact on the income increase effect of farmers. Therefore, to enhance the income increasing effect of green production behavior among farmers, it is necessary to strengthen policy support and participation in new media marketing, enhance the accuracy of policy assistance, in order to achieve increasing income and prosperity for farmers.

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  Analysis of the Effect of Digital Economy Empowering High-Quality Agricultural Development in Shandong Province DING Huiyuan, WANG Shouchen Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (1): 90-100.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0160 Abstract + (105)    HTML (2)    PDF (1394KB) (142)       Knowledge map    Seizing the opportunity of the digital economy era in the new period and accelerating the process of valorization of data elements are of great significance for the high-quality development of agriculture. The article used the panel data of 16 cities in Shandong Province’s from 2015 to 2021, to accurately calculate the level of the digital economy and the degree of quality development of agriculture of Shandong Province and the 16 cities under its jurisdiction. The results show that, the level of the digital economy and quality development of agriculture has been steadily improved, but the regional differences are obvious, and the gap is relatively large; the agricultural quality development in Shandong Province has been significantly promoted by the digital economy, and the promotion effect is better in the areas with good marketization and urbanization; the digital economy empowers high-quality agricultural development by enhancing the potential of talent resource development and regional innovation and development vitality; there is a threshold effect in the impact of Shandong Province's digital economy on high-quality agricultural development. Based on this, the article proposes countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of digital infrastructure construction in agriculture and rural areas, enhance the penetration of digital economy in all aspects of the agricultural industry chain, and improve the ability of farmers to apply digital technology.

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  Resistance of Erysiphe necator to Tebuconazole in China GAO Qi, LIU Mei, TAN Haiyun, WANG Qi, LI Xinghong, ZHANG Wei Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 49-54.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0063 Abstract + (145)    HTML (4)    PDF (1487KB) (136)       Knowledge map    To clarify the sensitivity of Erysiphe necator isolates to tebuconazole in China, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze the resistance of 134 E. necator isolates collected from 5 grape growing provinces, based on the detection of mutation A495T at locus 495 of the CYP51 gene of E. necator. The spore germination method was used to determine the susceptibility of the test isolates to tebuconazole, and the correlation between the results of the two methods was analyzed. The results showed that E. necator isolates had developed resistance to tebuconazole in China, while the resistance frequency was 35.07%, with differences in different regions. The EC50 value of all isolates to tebuconazole determined by spore germination method ranged from 0.085 to 280.917 μg/mL and the average EC50 value was 24.208 μg/mL. The ratio of the lowest and the highest EC50 values for the isolates from different regions ranged from 2.5 to 3304, indicating that the sensitivity of the isolates from different regions to tebuconazole varied greatly. The results of tebuconazole sensitivity detection of the spore germination method and qPCR method were consistent and significantly correlated.

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  Analysis of Persistent High Temperature and Drought in Summer of 2022 and Its Impacts on Crops in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province QIAO Danyang, GAO Meng, LU Ye, WANG Jinting, WANG Jin, LIU Fan Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (12): 60-67.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0020 Abstract + (118)    HTML (6)    PDF (2177KB) (135)       Knowledge map    Persistent high temperature and drought occurred in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province in summer of 2022, causing serious impacts on the growth and development of crops such as maize, apple and kiwifruit. To study the mechanisms of the occurrence of heat and drought, observations from 46 automatic meteorological stations in Guanzhong area, and ERA-5 hourly and monthly mean reanalysis data were used to study the characteristics and causes of atmospheric circulation during the main high temperature periods. The results showed that (1) the main high temperature periods were mid-late June and early-mid August, with moderate to severe drought in most parts of Guanzhong. (2) Both high-temperature periods were characterised by strong sinking currents, but the causes were different. In June, strong sinking movements were maintained by anomalous pre-ridge negative vorticity advective, while in August, the superposition of the subtropical high and South Asian high caused the positive climate state anomalies and strong sinking movements over Shaanxi. (3) The strong northwesterly airflow in June and the abnormally westerly and strong subtropical high in August weakened the southerly airflow and blocked the source of water vapour, both showing positive anomalies of water vapour flux dispersion, which were not conducive to the occurrence of precipitation. (4) High temperatures and drought had an impact on the yield and quality of food and cash crops. It was recommended that effective measures should be taken before high temperatures to lower field temperatures, replenish plant water, enhance plant transpiration and reduce the degree of crop heat stress.

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  Research Status of Resource Treatment of Fruit Trees Discarded Branches LI Jinghua, SUN Yidan, LIANG Jiayi, LI Meifang Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (10): 31-36.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0138 Abstract + (145)    HTML (5)    PDF (1190KB) (132)       Knowledge map    With the continuous expansion of orchard planting area in China, the amount of discarded branches of fruit trees is increasing. Discarded branches of fruit trees are rich in minerals and are valuable biological resources, but current improper use of them has caused the waste of resources. This study reviews the utilization and treatment status of fruit tree branches, summarizes the existing problems in the resource treatment of discarded branches of fruit trees, and puts forward suggestions on the problems.The study could provide reference for the in-depth exploration and promotion and application ofdiscarded branch treatment of fruit trees in the future.

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  Stress Resistance of Cotton: Establishing the Identification Technical Standard System ZHENG Shufeng, WANG Yanqin, XU Daoqing, PENG Jun, KAN Huachun, LIU Xiaoling, WANG Wei, CHEN Min, LI Shuying Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 5-10.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0087 Abstract + (204)    HTML (8)    PDF (1278KB) (129)       Knowledge map    Cotton is a major cash crop in China, which is widely distributed, has a long production cycle and is greatly affected by abiotic stresses. Breeding and screening cotton varieties with strong stress resistance are the main ways to reduce stress disasters, and the study on abiotic stress resistance identification techniques and standards of cotton varieties is crucial. For this purpose, this paper summarized basic methods of crop stress resistance identification at home and abroad in recent years, as well as the identification contents, identification periods, identification methods, identification indicators and stress determination levels of five common and frequent abiotic stresses (ecological stresses) of cotton, such as drought, waterlogging, salinization, high temperature and heat injury, and cold and chilly injury. The paper also summed up basic principles, framework and content for formulating stress identification standards and establishing the standard system. The basic ideas for further research are proposed, mainly including fast, convenient and non-destructive stress resistance identification based on new technologies such as Spectrum/Hyperspectrum, stress resistance identification under complex stresses, and direct location of relevant stress resistance genes by molecular biology for identifying stress resistance.

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  Effects of Maize and Soybean Intercropping on Agronomic, Quality and Yield Traits of Soybean ZHAO Xiaoguang, ZHAO Xingzhong, LIU Haomeng, XIAO Jinping, ZHANG Pu, ZHANG Yalei, WANG Liping Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (8): 18-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0022 Abstract + (196)    HTML (9)    PDF (1189KB) (127)       Knowledge map    In order to expound the changing rules of agronomic traits, quality traits and yield traits of soybean varieties under maize and soybean intercropping mode, 7 soybean varieties and maize variety 'Shandan 650' were selected for intercropping, and the differences of various traits of soybean varieties under the intercropping and the monocropping modes were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height, pod height and nodes on main stem of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans, but the pod number per plant and pod density of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans, and the growth period of intercropping soybeans were longer than that of monocropping soybeans; the crude fat and protein of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans, the content of saturated fatty acid of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans, but the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans; the grain weight per plant, number of grains per plant and number of grains per pod of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans. The changing rules of 100-grain weight were not consistent among different varieties. The average yield of 7 soybean varieties under intercropping mode was 49.88% lower than that under monocropping mode. Through the analysis of various traits, it provided strong support for us to select suitable soybean varieties in different regions for maize and soybean compound planting.

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  Effects of Continuous Straw Returning on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Utilization MENG Ruoxi, WANG Xiaoli, DUAN Jianjun, XU Bin, YANG Hongwei, MEI Tingting Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (8): 37-45.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0113 Abstract + (121)    HTML (5)    PDF (1453KB) (123)       Knowledge map    To clarify the impact of straw returning ratio on rice yield and nitrogen utilization, a field plot positioning experiment was conducted in Tangtou Town, Sinan County of Guizhou Province during the rice growing season from 2019 to 2021. Six treatments were set up in the experiment: CK was no fertilizer, S0 was conventional fertilizer, S1 was conventional fertilizer + straw returning 5 t/hm2, S2 was conventional fertilizer + straw returning 10 t/hm2, S3 was conventional fertilizer + straw returning 15 t/hm2, and S4 was conventional fertilizer + straw returning 20 t/hm2. The results showed that from 2019 to 2021, the yield of S3 treatment was the highest, increased by 20.16%, 8.66% and 14.40% respectively compared with that of S0 treatment, and the yield increase in 2019 was the highest. The reason for the yield difference was that straw returning to field improved the number of effective panicles, the number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice, and then significantly increase the yield. The fitting analysis of straw returning and rice grain yield showed that the highest grain yield was achieved by straw returning amount of 15.43 t/hm2. Straw returning could improve the nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen harvest index between years. In 2019, the nitrogen partial factor productivity of S3 treatment was the highest, while the nitrogen harvest index of S4 treatment was the highest, which were 42.81% and 24.30% higher than those of S0 respectively. In 2020, the nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen harvest index of S3 treatment were the highest, with an increase of 55.98% and 22.61% over those of S0 treatment respectively; and in 2021, the nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen harvest index of S3 treatment were also the highest, with an increase of 21.75% and 15.88% over those of S0 treatment, respectively. Straw returning increased the physiological utilization rate of nitrogen between years, and S3 treatment had the best effect, with an increase of 72.97%, 76.14% and 52.98% respectively compared with that of S0 treatment from 2019 to 2021. Moreover, year and straw returning treatment significantly improved the physiological utilization rate of nitrogen and agricultural efficiency of nitrogen. Therefore, considering rice yield, straw returning fitting results and nitrogen utilization rate, S3 treatment is more suitable for straw returning.

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  Knowledge Graph Construction and Visualization in Soil Fertility and Scientific Crop Fertilizer Management ZHANG Caili, WU Saisai, LI Wei, WANG Hui, CHEN Lei Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 80-86.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0067 Abstract + (149)    HTML (11)    PDF (1741KB) (122)       Knowledge map    Aiming to improve the function of artificial intelligence in agriculture, and to search the knowledge organization and application in field of soil fertility, the soil fertility ontology of Anhui Province was built with manual construction method as well as the Protégé application software. Then the structured data, semi-structured data and unstructured data related to soil fertility in Anhui Province were first cleaned and then processed by inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation. Based on deep learning model of ERNIE-BiLSTM-CRF and PCNN-Attention, the tasks of named entity recognition and relationship extraction were realized, and all the triplet data were stored in Neo4j graph database. And the visual knowledge graph of soil fertility was successfully constructed. This study can provide reference for the construction of other agricultural knowledge graph in the aspects of ontology construction, entity relationship extraction model and graph visualization.