Current issue

• 2012 Vol.2 No.12 Published:20 December 2012

  The Effect of Different Irrigation and Straw Returning on Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in the Basin of the South of Shanxi 2012, 2 (12):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1330 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 1502 ) In order to effectively use water rainfall and irrigation water, in wheat-maize rotation area of south Shanxi in 2011-2012, a field experiment was conducted to study water-requiring, consumption properties, water use efficiency and grain yield by different irrigation time (450 m3/hm2) and straw returning treatments. The results showed that, soil water storage was W0 < W1 < W2 < W3, soil water consumption was W0 > W1 > W2 > W3, total water consumption exhibited W0 < W1 < W2 < W3, WUE exhibited W2 > W3 > W1 > W0 and grain yield represented W3 > W2 > W1 > W0 under different irrigation. WUE represented jointing water > winter water > filling water under different stages irrigation. Grain yield and WUE had the same order S > N under same irrigation. Based on comprehensive consideration of grain yield, soil storage, water consumption and water use efficiency, winter water + jointing water and straw returning treatment was a better mode to realize unified between water saving and high-yield.

  Effects of Conservation Tillage on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis in Grain Filling Stage and Yield of Winter Wheat 2012, 2 (12):  6-11.  Abstract + ( 1487 )   PDF ( 1182KB )   ( 1334 ) It was so significant to chose an appropriate conservation tillage to increase the wheat yield, when learning the wheat yield discipline under different conservation tillage in north of China. The Diurnal variation of photosynthesis, yield and so on of ‘Qingmai 6’ was studied under five different conservation tillage in grain filling stage. It showed that, the Intercellular CO2 concentration of tillage without straw (CK) was higher than tillage with straw, while the SPAD, photosynthetic rate and stamata conductance were lower than the tillage with straw which had reached the significant difference. The kernel yield increased by 18.04% and 6.83% under subsoiling treatment, compared with CK and deep tillage treatments. The higher photosynthetic rate increased 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike of subsoiling tillage treatment, so that it got a much higher kernel yield. The phenomenon of photosynthesis lunch break was retarded by tillage with straw and it could preserve the photosynthetic rate of wheat at a high lever to increase the kernel yield. This study had shown that subsoiling tillage treatments was the most appropriate treatment, the result provided a theoretical basis for local conservation tillage research.

  Study on Prediction Model of Millet Yield Lossing Caused by Weeds in Summer Season Millet Field 2012, 2 (12):  12-15.  Abstract + ( 1317 )   PDF ( 1146KB )   ( 1340 ) The study focused on weed management in summer season foxtail millet field by evaluating the weed damage and exploring competition between weeds and foxtail millet, a few fitting models were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and nonlinear regression analysis. The results showed that, the millet yield losses and weed density were highly significantly correlated. Among the tested models, the determination coefficient (R2) of hyperbolic model was 0.99712, and minimum sum of squared residuals was 16.174, which was considered the optimal model to simulate the competition relation between weeds and millet. The Predicted equation was Y=d/(1.733+0.018d). The competitiveness between weed species was 0.5770, within the species was 0.0103. The maximum millet yield loss was 55.56%. This study has established a prediction model with high goodness-of-fit and practical prediction which could help weed management in summer season millet field.

  Effects of Returning Rice Straw to Fields with Different Ratio of Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility 2012, 2 (12):  16-21.  Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 1171KB )   ( 1354 ) In order to reveal the pattern of straw decay and the process of soil nutrient change, this article continuous 2-year field experiment to study the of straw Fertilizers different ratio of chemical fertilizers on late rice yield and soil fertility. The results show that the straw fertilizer ratio of fertilizer significantly increased late rice production, the yield increase of 8.5%-21.5%, the difference between the treatments significantly. In addition to the SN2 (straw, fertilizer N 225 kg/hm2) and SP1 (straw and P 75 kg/hm2), the rest of the processing straw biomass than the control single application of straw biomass declined in the range of 3.3%-13.7%, the district between the two groups no significant difference among treatments was significant difference. Straw fertilizer ratio of fertilizer treatment significantly improves the effective panicles of late maturity, the number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and grain weight. Stepwise linear regression equation indicated that the seed setting rate was the most important factor of late rice production. Compared with the control straw fertilizer different ratio of fertilizer was to improve soil pH, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, potassium and total potassium, and lower soil C/N ratio, which straw Fertilizers NPK treatment effect was remarkable. So straw and chemical fertilizer, fertilizer needs a combination to further play the comprehensive benefits.

  Effect of Different Subsoil Mixing Interval on Planosol Physical Characters and Yield of Soybean 2012, 2 (12):  22-25.  Abstract + ( 1793 )   PDF ( 4807KB )   ( 1882 ) In order to study the machinery working improved planosol, six treatments was established compared with conventional machinery working, the effects of different subsoil mixing interval on planosol physical characters and yield of soybean were investigated. Compared with conventional mechanical operation, the results indicated that two years later after improve the soil 20-60 cm subsoil mixing layer could increase the soil water content, decrease the soil bulk density and decrease the soil hardness of different treatments. In addition, the increased range of soil water content was 1.02%-4.90%, the decreasing range of soil bulk density was 4.93%-10.56% and the decreasing range of soil hardness was 3.05%-28.15%, respectively. the treatments of T2 effect was the best. Among six treatments, the higher yield were the treatments of T5 and T2 and can be reached 1991.92 kg/hm2 and 1969.57 kg/hm2.Compared with conventional mechanical operation, the yield increased by 7.92% and 6.71%, the difference reached significant levels.

  Discussion for Regional Circular Development Pattern of Low-carbon Agriculture 2012, 2 (12):  26-30.  Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 1239 ) In order to cope with the problem of climate change, study the suitable low carbon agricultural modes to develop low carbon agriculture has become urgent .The low carbon agricultural development modes are discussed from regional circular levels of farmer, village, park, town, urban and rural areas in this paper. The specific development model for practical use should be determined according to the local conditions to achieve the rapid development of low-carbon agriculture.

  Studies on the Keeping-alive Planting Techniques and Fixing-soil Antierosion Effects of Hemerocallis fulva on Terrace Ridges 2012, 2 (12):  31-36.  Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 1342 ) In order to solve the problems of soil-fixation and erosion-resistance of terrace ridge, we did some research about planting and keep-alive technology of Hemerocallis fulva, the effects and economic benefits of soil-fixation and erosion-resistance. We finished the research by laboratorial determination of physiological index, planting root-protective seedlings, observation of runoff plots, and use Hemerocallis fulva as experimental material. The results showed that the critical saturation deficit of the Hemerocallis fulva was 66.73%. The leaf water loss rate was 98.43% at the 16th day, with strong drought resistance. The soil moisture in the terrace ridges was affected by the evaporation from the ridge sides. The soil water deficit value decreased with the increase of the distance away from the ridge side, but the soil nutrient content was higher near the ridge than in the middle of the terrace. The planting survival rate of the root-protected seedlings was much higher than that of the bare-root seedlings. Soil-fixed weight of the roots of the single eight-year-old Hemerocallis fulva was 69.2 kg, reaching the maximum. Compared with the control, planting Hemerocallis fulva on slope decreased the average annual soil erosion modulus (t/km2) and the annual fresh water runoff depth by 54.9% and 53.7%, respectively. Therefore, planting Hemerocallis fulva on slope had significant effects on soil fixation and antierosion. Hemerocallis fulva planted in terrace ridge will affect the yield of neighboring crops 2 meters around. But the gain from planting Hemerocallis fulva will be far greater than the loss caused by crop yield reduction.

  Study on the Influencing Factors of Shoot Differentiation of Rhizome in Cymbidium faberi ‘Dayipin’ 2012, 2 (12):  37-41.  Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 1288 ) In order to study the rapid differentiation of rhizomes of Cymbidium faberi in tissue culture. The effects of basic medium, plant growth regulator, organic additives, P/N, carbon sources and sucrose concentration on the shoot differentiation of rhizomes were studied through the rhizomes from the self-cross seeds of Cymbidium faberi ‘Dayipin’. The results showed that the most appropriate cultivating medium was MS. The plant growth regulator had a significant effect on shoot differentiation. The highest shoot differentiation rate was appeared on 0.3 mg/L NAA+ 2.0 mg/L 6-BA. The organic additives promoted the shoot induction rate and the shoot differentiation rate of the rhizomes, and supplement of 100 g/L mashed bananas in medium significantly improved the shoot induction rate and the differentiation rate. Reduced the content of N (1/10N) and increased the content of P (5P) in the medium, can improved the shoot induction rate and the differentiation rate. Maltose was the most suitable carbon source for improving the shoot induction rate and the differentiation rate of the rhizomes and 20 g/L sucrose promoted the shoot differentiation of the rhizomes significantly.

  Effects of Root Exudates on Growth of Tobacco Seedlings and Seed Germination 2012, 2 (12):  42-45.  Abstract + ( 1350 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 1385 ) Effects of root exudates (benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and nicotine) on growth of tobacco seedlings and seed germination was researched by house culture and biological assay. The result showed that, the root exudates could inhibit the growth of tobacco seedlings and seed germination. Different concentrations of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and nicotine could inhibit the growth of tobacco seedlings and seed germination too, and the higher the concentration the better effect of the inhibition. There were great differences in the extent of inhibition between the 5 root exudates, benzoic acid> cinnamic acid> succinic acid> fumaric acid> nicotine.

  Studies on the Selection of Low-cost Soilless Nursery Substrates for Cucumber 2012, 2 (12):  46-49.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 1312 ) In order to solve the problems of the lower cost matrix for hole tray seeding,using waste mushroom materials, corn stalk, sawdust, slag, cow muck, perlite, vermiculite, sand, we used for cucumber hole tray seeding according to different combinations and ratio of 10 kinds of composite matrix, the best medium (peat: vermiculite 2:1) was made as CK. After 2 years of research, comprehensive consideration of the various characters, the results of the study showed that the seedling effect of substrates waste mushroom: vermiculite: pearlite=2:1:1, waste mushroom: vermiculite=2:1, corn stalk: vermiculite=1:1, perlite: vermiculite＝1:1, peat: vermiculite: waste mushroom＝1:1:1 was significantly better than the CK (peat: vermiculite=2:1), which was strong growth, fast dry matter accumulation, good seedling index, firm root of seedling root and the substrate, the low cost substrate, it also can replace CK.

  Surveillance and Analysis of Major Epidemics in Cherry Valley Breeding Duck in Southern China 2012, 2 (12):  50-53.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 1673 ) To investigate the prevalence of major epidemics in cherry valley ducks in southern China, the author detected infectious agents in samples of cherry valley duck in different growth period collected from southern China. The results showed that: the major infectious diseases occurred among brooding cherry valley ducks (1-4-week-old) were mainly duck infectious serositis, duck viral hepatitis type Ⅰ and duck E.coli. Cherry valley ducks during growing-finishing period (5-21-week-old) were mainly infected with duck E.coli, R. anatipestifer and duck circovirus, from which avian Pasteurella multocida and Newcastle disease virus were also isolated occasionally. Cherry valley ducks during laying period were mostly infected with duck E.coli, and also could be infected with duck tembusu virus or duck circovirus. The results indicated that the situation of epidemics in cherry valley duck was becoming increasingly complex and grim, and the infectious agents in different growth stages were not the same. The surveillance of epidemics would be helpful for the prevention and control of diseases in cherry valley duck.

  Correlation between Meat Yield and Body Measurements in Procambarus clarkii and Cherax quadricarinatus 2012, 2 (12):  54-56.  Abstract + ( 1831 )   PDF ( 1090KB )   ( 1735 ) This paper provided a measure to estimate the meat yield and to selective breed of Procambarus clarkii and Cherax quadricarinatus. The correlation between meat yield and body measurements in these two kinds of crayfish were studied by statistics analysis. The results showed that, the meat yield value of Cherax quadricarinatus was higher than that of Procambarus clarkii. First abdominal segment width was the main variable to Procambarus clarkii. Body length and carapace length were the main variables to Cherax quadricarinatus, followed by total length. It was concluded that: (1) the correlation to meat yield was more significant than that to body weight; (2) it was possible to predicting meat yield based on ratio of two body measurements or the individual variable in Procambarus clarkii and Cherax quadricarinatus.

  Effect of Different Fermenting Materials on Household Biogas Production 2012, 2 (12):  57-61.  Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 1649 ) Abstract: In order to improve the rural household biogas production with different fermenting materials, prompt the rural household biogas extending, three treats including nitrogen rich materials, carbon rich material and control check material, were designed to analyze individual biogas production, some physical-chemical characteristics of biogas digester and effect factors. All the fermenting materials could meet the household requirement. Biogas production with the nitrogen rich materials has faster rate and slower duration than that with carbon rich material, and the latter production was very lower than the former significantly. The change of temperature is the first factor which affect the biogas production.

  Impact Assessment of Cluster Regionalization Development of Predominant Agriculture Product in Shanxi Province on the Construction of New Socialist Countryside 2012, 2 (12):  62-68.  Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 1348KB )   ( 1454 ) Construction of new socialist countryside is significant strategic move to resolve three agricultural problems (problems in rural areas, farmers and agriculture) and the comprehensive construction well-off society. To build socialist new countryside, the important way is by clustering regionalization development of predominant agriculture product. To accelerate the course of building a new socialist countryside, this paper analyzes the effect of cluster regionalization development of predominant agriculture product in Shanxi province on the construction of new socialist countryside, based on the development status on regional construction of predominant agriculture product and Construction of new socialist countryside in Shanxi province. The results show that the essential connotation of regionalization development of predominant agriculture product is to develop production, develop production is the basis and core of the construction of socialist new countryside, the distribution and development of predominant agriculture product regions is an important industrial support in the construction of socialist new countryside, and it is also a new idea for building socialist new countryside and developing modern agriculture in Shanxi province. Finally puts forward three suggestions for accelerating the distribution and development of predominant agriculture product regions and the construction of socialist new countryside in Shanxi province.

  China Science and Technology Association Social Award Work's Basic Situation, Existing Problems and Development Countermeasure 2012, 2 (12):  69-78.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 1219KB )   ( 1545 ) After more than 10 years of reform and development, Chinese science and technology association social award has been widely developed, with national award, the provincial awards form a three-foot full of patterns, together constitute the award system of science and technology in China. This article provided specific investigation and research on science and technology association social award. It systematically studied the basic conditions of science and technology association social award, social award quality, the situation of won the national award which science and technology association had recommended science and technology projects, and the role of social award which scientific and technological association had been playing. It combed and summed up some issues which the scientific and technological association had existed in the development, such as own construction, management policy, brand building, Public trust building, subject status of the formation, etc. In response to these problems, it made a number of suggestions from the aspects of management and business operation. This article for the relevant authorities fully understanding the award situation of scientific and technological association, optimizing the scientific and technological association social award policy environment, fostering brand awards of scientific and technological association social award, provides a first-hand references.