Current issue

• 2019 Vol.9 No.2 Published:13 February 2019

  Suitable Sowing Rate of Five Main Wheat Cultivars in Henan Province 2019, 9 (2):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020004 Abstract + ( 591 )   PDF ( 1176KB )   ( 759 ) To clarify suitable sowing rate of wheat cultivars in Henan Province, five main wheat cultivars including ‘Zhoumai22’, ‘Xinong979’, ‘Zhengmai7698’, ‘Aikang58’ and ‘Bainong207’ were used as the materials, and the experiments were conduced at different areas. The effects of different sowing rates on the yield and yield components were studied. The results showed that the yield increased gradually with the increase of sowing rate, and reached the maximum when the sowing rate was 187.50 kg/hm2, while the yield showed a declining trend with the continuously increasing sowing rate. In the respect of yield components, the spike number per area showed an upward trend with the increase of sowing rate, but the kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight showed a downward trend. In the suitable sowing rate, the yield order of five cultivars was:‘Bainong207’＞‘Zhoumai22’＞‘Zhengmai7698’＞‘Aikang58’＞‘Xinong979’. Taken together, the suitable sowing rate of wheat cultivars is from 150.00 kg/hm2 to 225.00 kg/hm2, and 187.50 kg/hm2 is the optimum sowing rate which can obtain the maximum yield.

  Resistance Analysis on Rice Sheath Blight of Rice in the First Accumulated Temperature Zone of Heilongjiang 2019, 9 (2):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17120009 Abstract + ( 673 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 484 ) Rice sheath blight of 55 rice varieties and germplasm resources were investigated adopting routine planting in field plot, in order to definite the occurrence of rice sheath blight in rice varieties and germplasm resources in the first accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang province, and discuss on the resistance type. The results indicated that: 55 rice varieties and germplasm resources had different degrees of rice sheath blight, average field disease cluster rate was 58.4%, amplitude 25.2%～100.0%, average disease index was 52.2, only ‘Songnian4’ expressed resistance, ‘Song538’、‘Songjing19’、‘Songnian1’、‘Songjing28’、‘Songjing48’、‘Song536’、‘Songjign3’、 ‘Songjign15’、‘98131’、‘Songjign10’、‘J36’、‘J39’、‘J42’ total 13 rice varieties expressed middle resistance, resistant rice took up 1.8%, middle resistant rice took up 23.6%, overall resistance ratio was 14:41.

  Clothianidin and Pymetrozine: Synergy on Planthoppers and Safety Analysis on Natural Enemies 束兆林 2019, 9 (2):  11-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020006 Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 643 ) To clarify the synergy of clothianidin and pymetrozine, and develop a new type compound pesticide to control rice planthoppers, we studied the control effect of the compound on rice planthoppers in field and its safety to natural enemies by indoor laboratory toxicity test and field test. Indoor toxicity test showed that: there were some synergies when clothianidin and pymetrozine were mixed at the ratio of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, the ratio of 1:2 had the best co-toxicity effect. Field test showed that: 30% clothianidin·pymetrozine SC had quickacting and long-lasting effects; when the dosage was 300-375 mL/hm2, the control effect on planthoppers was over 70% after 1 day, the quick-acting was better than that of pymetrozine; while after 35 days, the control effect on planthoppers was over 85%, the long-lasting effect was better than that of clothianidin and had no difference compared with pymetrozine. In addition, it had good control effect on both young and old nymphs. The 30% clothianidin ·pymetrozine SC is safe to spiders in paddy field and can be applied to rice production in large area.

  Prevention and Control of Two Newly-Invasive Diseases of Sweet Potato 2019, 9 (2):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060015 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 1942KB )   ( 601 ) The foot rot disease (FRD) on sweet potato is a newly discovered one. A study was carried out to identify the pathogenic bacteria leading to FRD on sweet potato. This study involved the pathogenic bacteria identification, occurrence regularity investigation, as well as the control tests over a period from 2015 to 2017. Results obtained showed that FRD on sweet potato grown in Taizhou was attributable to the intrusive infection of two species: stem rot bacteria (Dickeya dadantii) and foot rot bacteria (Phomopsis destruens). Also, the distribution, symptom identification, pathogen morphology, invasion path and occurring characteristics of the two diseases were observed and investigated in detail. Some measures were put forward, which included strengthening plant quarantine, establishing seedling system, conducting paddy and drought rotation in field, flooding sweet potato field, farmland cleanliness and chemical prevention. In addition, it was suggested to increase the economic support, carry out the selection of resistance genes in pathogens, cultivate resistant group, and explore the causes of new invasive diseases. Hopefully, all these suggestions could provide a reference for controlling the two sweet potato diseases effectively.

  Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Crown Gall in Grape 2019, 9 (2):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17120011 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 1952KB )   ( 480 ) The paper aims to confirm the pathogens of grape crown gall in southern mountain area of Jinan, and provide a scientific basis for disease control. The pathogens were isolated and identified from crown gall of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grape with morphological and molecular methods. The results showed that twelve isolates were purified from the grape crown galls and were characterized as Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains according to the colony morphology on the selective MW medium. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, the twelve strains were confirm to be Agrobacterium sp. The number of strains of each biotype was: biotype Ⅰ, 5, biotype Ⅱ, 4, and biotype Ⅲ, 3, Two highly virulence strains JC02 and JC05 were determined by inoculating carrot disc, sunflower and grape seedlings. The plasmid biologic identification showed that the JC02 and JC05 strains contained Ti plasmids, which were Octopus type. The results indicate that Agrobacterium vitis is the main pathogen of rape crown gall in southern mountain area of Jinan.

  Remediation of Cadmium Pollution in Paddy Soil with Different Ameliorants 2019, 9 (2):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110005 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 547 ) To explore the improvement effect of different organic materials used as ameliorant, we added them to the pot paddy soil contaminated by Cd, to study their passivation effect on available Cd in soil. Under pot condition, we used different organic materials (calcined shell powder, shell powder without calcination, fermented cassava dregs, plant- derived organic fertilizer) and lime and“Tianshifu”passivator, to conduct single and combined application, and analyze their effects on Cd content in rice root system, straw and brown rice and the change of soil Cd combining state. The results showed that compared with CK, the pH value of soil treated with calcined shell powder 1.5% + organic fertilizer 1.5% significantly increased by 17.42%. At the same time, Cd content in brown rice decreased significantly by 49.04%. Single application of calcined shell powder 1.5% reduced Cd content of straw significantly by 93.8%, Cd content in roots decreased significantly by 54.2% with the application of shell powder without calcination 1.5%. In reducing the content of available Cd in soil, only“Tianshifu”passivator had significant effect, and the effect of other organic material was not significant. The effect of calcined shell powder and plant-source organic fertilizer on increasing the pH value of soil was obvious; the combination application of the two could improve the pH value of soil and decrease the content of Cd in brown rice, and the effect was better than that of single application; single application of shell powder could significantly reduce the content of Cd in straw and root system, and its effect was better than that of combined application.

  Combination of Growth Promoting Bacteria and Organic Fertilizers Affects Exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium in Tobacco Planting Soil 2019, 9 (2):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080020 Abstract + ( 568 )   PDF ( 1105KB )   ( 498 ) To study the effect of combination of growth promoting bacteria and organic fertilizer on the exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in tobacco planting soil, a two-factor complete design, which included bacteria and 6 types of organic fertilizers, was adopted to analyze the changes of Ca and Mg content and the ratio of Ca/Mg in the cultivated soil through the three growth periods of tobacco. The results showed that the contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg in the studied area were at very low level. Compared with the single application of organic fertilizer, the exchangeable Ca content in soil applied with growth promoting bacteria and mushroom residue increased by 11.50% (P<0.05) in the vigorous growing stage, and the contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg in soil applied with growth promoting bacteria and amino acid organic fertilizer increased by 22.70% (P<0.05) and 29.67% (P<0.05), respectively. In the mature stage of tobacco, the content of exchangeable Ca in soil applied with growth promoting bacteria and cow dung increased by 21.29% (P< 0.05), and the content of exchangeable Mg in soil applied with growth promoting bacteria and shrimp peptide organic fertilizer increased by 14.96% (P<0.05) and the Ca/Mg ratio decreased significantly. The contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg and Ca/Mg ratio in soil applied with growth promoting bacteria and organic fertilizer in other growing periods of tobacco were not significant or decreased. In addition, the exchangeable Ca, Mg and Ca/Mg ratio in soil applied with growth promoting bacteria and cow dung were the highest or second highest in 6 combined treatments. To sum up, combination of growth promoting bacteria and cow dung is more suitable for the studied area because the contents exchangeable Ca and Mg in soil are at a high level in the three growing stages of tobacco, and the coordination between Ca and Mg is the strongest.

  Influence of Meteorological Change in May on Winter Wheat Yield in Baoji 2019, 9 (2):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060003 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 1132KB )   ( 410 ) Climate change often leads to the fluctuation of wheat production, and May is the key period of winter wheat growth, the climate change during this period has significant impact on winter wheat yield. To promote the yield of winter wheat, the correlation between climate data such as temperature, precipitation and sunshine in May of each year from 2000 to 2015 and winter wheat yield in Baoji were analyzed. The results showed that the suitable temperature for winter wheat growing in May in Baoji area was about 20℃; there was a negative correlation between the yield of winter wheat and the precipitation in May, but the increase of winter wheat yield caused by the decrease of precipitation was not unlimited; there was no obvious linear correlation between the yield of winter wheat and the cumulative duration of sunshine in May, but the yield would increase gradually with the duration of light, and sufficient light was significant for winter wheat growth in May.

  AHP-Based Research of Lightning Disaster Vulnerability Zoning 2019, 9 (2):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110011 Abstract + ( 485 )   PDF ( 1434KB )   ( 404 ) Distribution characteristics of lightning damage vulnerability in Beijing area are researched by establishing the evaluation model refer to the disaster factors’ hazard, sensitivity of disaster environment, vulnerability of bearing body. The data of meteorological observation, geographic information, and social surveys are used for analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and hierarchical statistics. The results show that the maximum value of disaster factors is distributed in Huairou, Miyun and Mentougou. The low sensitive areas of the disaster environment are mainly distributed in the areas where the buildings with reinforced concrete structure. The most vulnerable area is distributed in the East, the West, Haidian and Chaoyang. In addition, regional distribution of lightning damage vulnerability is relatively scattered in Beijing area. The highest-risk areas are distributed in the East, the West, Yanqing and Miyun, the sub-highest-risk in Fengtai, Mentougou, Fangshan and Huairou, these areas account for more than 62% of Beijing.

  Leaf Length and Ratio of Dry Weight to Fresh Weight: Effect on Resin Production Capacity of Pinus massoniana 2019, 9 (2):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030010 Abstract + ( 420 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 456 ) To explore the individual plant characters of Pine Massoniana with high resin production capacity, the effect of needles on the resin production capacity of P. massoniana was studied by analyzing the relationships between leaf length, ratio of dry weight to fresh weight of needles and resin yield of single knife, annual resin rate, annual resin output of P. massoniana. The results showed that there were positive correlations between leaf length and resin yield of single knife, annual resin rate as well as annual resin output. The correlation coefficients were 0.881, 0.889, and 0.618, respectively. The ratio of dry weight to fresh weight had negative correlations with resin yield of single knife, annual resin rate as well as annual resin output. The correlation coefficients were -0.907, -0.887, and -0.618, respectively. In variance analysis of the leaf length, there were significant differences among different individuals of P. massoniana (P＜0.05). The three kinds of annual resin output of 76# with the least leaf length were the minimum. 13# and 14# with the largest leaf length (P＞0.05) had higher resin yield of single knife and annual resin rate. In the variance analysis of the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight, there were significant differences among different individuals of P. massoniana (P＜0.05). The three kinds of annual resin output of 76# with the largest ratio of dry weight to fresh weight were the minimum. 13# and 14# with the least ratio of dry weight to fresh weight had higher resin yield of single knife and annual resin rate. In conclusion, the leaf length and the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight affect the resin production capacity of P. massoniana.

  Effects of Different Harvest Maturities of Upper Leaves on Flue-cured Tobacco Quality 周仰泉,刘荣斌, and 2019, 9 (2):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18090014 Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 1216KB )   ( 543 ) This paper focuses on solutions to immaturity of upper leaves of tobacco cultivated in Wuping Tobacco Plantation Area and explores the standard degree of maturity for harvest. An experiment, based on comparison of results and analysis, was conduct on Yunyan 87 to investigate the appearance, quality, primary chemical compositions and related harmony, flavor and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The experimental results show that optimal degree of maturity for harvest is 9~10, where appearance, quality, chemical compositions and related harmony and flavor reach the peak after the leaves are cured. Those flue-cured leaves highly meet industrial needs by virtue of optimal average price, proportion of first-class tobacco and economic benefits. Therefore, taking into account weather conditions and filed diseases, both quality of tobacco leaves and income of tobacco growers are expected to be improved by extending growth period of tobacco and harvest it when the degree of maturity reaches 9~10, instead of traditional standard of 8~9.

  50 Alfalfa Varieties in Saline Areas of the Yellow River Delta: Production Performance Evaluation 2019, 9 (2):  64-71.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110020 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 1339KB )   ( 436 ) To select alfalfa varieties adapting in saline areas of the Yellow River Delta, a three-year field experiment of complete randomized block was conducted to compare the plant height and hay yield of 50 alfalfa varieties. The results showed that: the production performance of different alfalfa varieties were different, except that‘Sijiwang’could not grow normally; the varieties‘SR4030’,‘Zhongmu No.1’,‘55V12’, ‘Zhongmu No.2’,‘Magna 6’,‘agna 551’,‘Xinmu No.2’and‘Lumu No.1’had higher hay yield and plant height, and the above two indexes of‘SR4030’reached 20.53 t/hm2 and 76.50 cm, respectively; on the contrary, the hay yield and plant height of‘Longmu No.806’,‘Caoyuan No.3’,‘Dafuhao’,‘DLF- 194’, ‘Alfaqueen’,‘Aergangjin’,‘Alfaking’and‘Aohan’were lower. Overall, the hay yield and plant height of different alfalfa varieties decrease with the increase of stubble. ‘SR4030’ has the best production performance, and is most suitable for planting in saline areas of the Yellow River Delta, followed by‘Zhongmu No.1’,‘55V12’and‘Zhongmu No.2’.

  Plasma Type and Temperature: Effects on the Non-parasitic Metamorphosis of Glochidia and Growth of Early Juvenile Mussel of Cristaria plicata 2019, 9 (2):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030014 Abstract + ( 498 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 710 ) To improve the in vitro culture of Cristaria plicata glochidia, the in vitro cultivation technique was adopted to study the effects of blood serum and temperature on metamorphosis of glochidia, and the survive and growth of juvenile mussel at earlier stage were evaluated. The results showed that the metamorphosis rate of glochidia in bighead plasma was significantly higher than that of horse serum and bovine serum group (P< 0.01); the metamorphosis rate of glochidia cultured at 18℃ was significantly higher than that at 30℃ and 24℃ (P<0.05), the biological zero point of Cristaria plicata glochidia was 9.34℃ and the effective accumulated temperature was 102.84℃· d. After one month cultivation of juvenile mussel at earlier stage, the survival rate of juvenile mussel cultured in bighead plasma was the highest (P<0.05), and the shell length of juvenile mussel in the bighead plasma group was significantly higher than that of bovine serum group and horse serum group (P< 0.05). Under the three different temperature for cultivation, the lower the temperature, the higher the survival rate, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Taken together, Cristaria plicata larva cultivated with bighead plasma under 18℃ has the highest metamorphosis rate, and the mussel larva has the highest survival rate.

  Antioxidant Activity and Wool Dyeing of Anthocyanins from Purple Wheat Bran 2019, 9 (2):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110007 Abstract + ( 449 )   PDF ( 1199KB )   ( 674 ) The aim is to provide an efficient method for extracting anthocyanins from purple wheat bran using CTAB experiments, the antioxidant activities and wool dyeing of anthocyanins extracted from purple wheat bran were detected. The results indicated that the best parameters of extraction were solid-liquid ratio 1:3, extraction time 60 min and 3 extraction times, and the yield was 3.20 g/kg. UV absorption spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry showed that anthocyanins from purple wheat bran had high color value (170) and low heavy metal content. Antioxidant experiments showed that the anthocyanins from purple wheat bran had strong scavenging capabilities for H2O2, with the value of IC50 as 1.52. Moreover, the anthocyanins were successfully applied to wool dyeing. In conclusion, the method has high potential for anthocyanins extraction from purple wheat bran.

  Classification and Exchange of Cultivated Land in Rural Areas Based on Field Characteristics 王梦锐 and 2019, 9 (2):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100013 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 1520KB )   ( 386 ) [Objective]The fragmentation of cultivated land exists widely in the urderdeveloped areas of agriculture, caused by natural factors and the average allocation rule of cultivated land under the household contract responsibility system, restricting the development of agriculture. In order to solve this problem and achieve large-scale production in agriculture, a new method based on hierarchical cluster analysis was proposed to classify and exchange rural plots. [Method]In this study, wenzhuang village of Taigu County in Shanxi Province was taken as an example. Eight factors were employed to evaluate the cultivated land quality, including plot area, slope of land, shape index of plot, continuity of plot, regularity of plot, traffic accessibility, farming distance and plot yield, Through the analysis for those eight factors utilizing rural land ownership database and hierarchical cluster analysis method, the plots were divided into 5 categories according to the characteristic of farmland operation in the area studied. [Result] Research indicates: the same classified plots in wenzhuang village were distributed around residential area in the form of circular circle; on the basis of the right of village collectives’ farmland contract and management, the same classified plots can be exchanged among the farmers of their own accord, and the land management right of the different classified blocks can be adjusted according to the average yield level, through which the land with the same management right can be gather together as much as possible and improve the farming efficiency. [Conclusion]This method is suitable for the interchange of cultivated land inside village collectives and provides a new way for the adjustment

  Land Circulation and Abandonment Behavior of Rural Households in Poor Mountainous Areas: A Study of 275 Farmers in Heshun County, Shanxi Province 2019, 9 (2):  89-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080023 Abstract + ( 666 )   PDF ( 1412KB )   ( 519 ) The fragmentation and abandonment of cultivated land is a major problem facing rural land, the poor circulation of agricultural land in poor mountainous areas and the improvement of the abandonment phenomenon are of great significance to the efficient use of agricultural land and the sustainable development of farmers’livelihood. Based on the questionnaire survey of 275 rural households in Heshun County, Shanxi Province, the Binary Logit regression model was used to analyze the impact of individual household characteristics, land basic conditions and family livelihood endowments on current agricultural land circulation behavior, future circulation willingness and farmland abandonment behavior. The results showed that (1) under the current situation that farmers’livelihoods tend to be non-agricultural, only 18.2% farmers participated in the circulation of farmland, 57.8% farmers were willing to participate in land circulation, and 38.9% of the rural household had land abandonment; (2) the current transfer in rate and out rate of farmland in poor mountainous areas were affected by the per capita annual income and fixed labor of the family, respectively; there was a significant correlation between the age of the household head, the number of migrant workers, the per capita health level, the area of household contracted land, the fertility of the land and the annual per capita income of the family and the willingness of land circulation in the future; (3) under the background of land circulation, the increase in the number of out-of-home workers and the per capita contracted area were the main reasons for land abandonment. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the rural social security system, standardize the land circulation market and strengthen the assistance to the village collectives in poor mountainous areas, with a view to reducing the fragmentation and abandonment of agricultural land.

  Development Strategy of Sun-cured Tobacco in Dazhou of Sichuan 杨兴有,玛依拉,,,, and 2019, 9 (2):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17120019 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 586 ) To promote the sustainable development of sun-cured tobacco leaves in Dazhou, using strategic management theory and PEST model, we analyze the internal environment aspects of historical experience, social and economic conditions, ecological conditions, scientific and technological innovation ability, and the external environment aspects of politics, law, economy, social culture, and science and technology. The competitive environment of the development of Dazhou tobacco industry were explored using 5Fs (Potter’s five forces) model. On the basis of the strategic analysis, the vision and objectives of Dazhou tobacco industry were presented as scientific positioning, market orientated, quality first, sound infrastructure, science and technology innovation and so on.