Current issue

• 2019 Vol.9 No.3 Published:20 March 2019

  Genetic Quality Improvement of Brewing Sorghum in China: Research Progress 2019, 9 (3):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030019 Abstract + ( 464 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 710 ) To enhance the genetic improvement level of brewing sorghum and the role of brewing sorghum in optimizing planting structure, we summarized the research progress and industrial development of genetic quality improvement of brewing sorghum since 1980s. Although there are extensive genetic researches on brewing sorghum concerning grain protein, lysine and tannin content, variety improvement and combining ability and gene effect of grain quality traits, the study on the correlation between brewing sorghum quality and liquor quality is insufficient; sorghum varieties suitable for mechanized yield are far from demand, and the native varieties are still used in some areas, which have low and unstable yield and seriously affect the development of brewing sorghum industry. We suggest to strengthen the breeding of brewing sorghum varieties suitable for mechanization production, improve the production level of sorghum; cooperate with brewing enterprises, carry out in-depth research on the correlation between sorghum grain quality and liquor quality to reveal the intrinsic nature, and develop brewing sorghum industry through genetic improvement.

  Organic Fertilizer Potassium and Chemical Potash Fertilizer Combination Affects Nutrition of Leafy Vegetables 2019, 9 (3):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18010022 Abstract + ( 463 )   PDF ( 1292KB )   ( 503 ) Field experiments are carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer potassium and chemical fertilizer potassium combination on the yield, quality and potassium nutrient utilization efficiencies of leafy vegetables in a vegetable planting base of Chongqing. The results indicated that yields of lettuce and cabbage increased significantly (11.6%- 17.4% and 10.9%- 15.4% , respectively) under the combination treatment compared with that of no potassium treatment, in the two experiments, the highest yield was achieved under the MH +KL treatment. The yield of lettuce and cabbage under the combination treatment was higher than that of conventional potassium treatment, but the increase was not significant. The combination treatment could increase Vc content, decrease amino acid and soluble sugar content of lettuce, but it had little effect on cabbage. Nitrate contents in lettuce leaves, stems and cabbage were decreased by 4.8%-5.4%, 4.9%-11.1% and 15.5%-30.0%, respectively, and the MH +KL treatment had the best result. The combination treatment significantly increased potassium uptake and potassium utilization efficiency of lettuce and cabbage, and those under the MH+KL treatment were the highest, and the treatment was the optimal for leafy vegetable production.

  Somatic Embryogenesis and Development in Ziziphus jujuba Mill.: Histological Observation 李登科 2019, 9 (3):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050007 Abstract + ( 482 )   PDF ( 1664KB )   ( 573 ) The paper aims to study the morphogenesis process of somatic embryogenesis. We used young embryos of Ziziphus jujuba‘Xiaolizao’as explants, and carried out the histological observation of somatic embryo formation and development by using the method of hematoxylin-eosin staining and paraffin section. The results indicated that: the embryogenic callus cells had the characteristics of small size, large nucleus, thick cytoplasm and the cells were closely arranged; however, the non- embryogenic callus cells were characterized with large size, small nucleus and thin cytoplasm. The somatic embryos were originated from surface calluscells and inner calluscells of immature embryos and their development were not synchronized which was similar to the embryonic development process of zygotes, the somatic embryos also experienced the spherical stage, the heart-shaped stage, the torpedo stage and ultimately formed cotyledon embryos.

  Planting Techniques of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao: A Review 2019, 9 (3):  36-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18090012 Abstract + ( 615 )   PDF ( 2145KB )   ( 747 ) To promote the large-scale and standardize planting of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, and improve the yield and quality of Astragalus Radix, based on the research results and long-term accumulated experience of artificial planting, we summarized the development history and the suitable planting area of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.), and introduced the technologies of artificial planting including seed treatment, land selection, soil preparation, sowing and seedling, transplanting, irrigation and fertilization, pest control, harvesting and processing. At the same time, imitation techniques of wild cultivation and seed quality standards were summarized systematically. We also pointed out the problems in artificial planting of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.), such as lacking standardized breeding system, uneven levels of planting technology, small planting scale, and low level of mechanization, and suggested that collection and innovation germplasm resources should be accelerated and the problems restricting the development of artificial planting should be solved for the industrial development of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.).

  Ammonia Nitrogen: Effects on Acute Toxicity and Antioxidant Enzymes System in Liver of Juvenile of Allogynogenetic gibel carp‘CAS Ⅲ’ 2019, 9 (3):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070019 Abstract + ( 535 )   PDF ( 1330KB )   ( 459 ) The study aims at the toxicological effect of ammonia nitrogen on Allogeneic crucian carp‘CAS Ⅲ’. The aquatic organism toxicity method was used under hydrostatic condition indoor. The acute toxicity test of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile of Allogynogenetic gibel carp‘CAS Ⅲ ’was conducted, and the changes of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues were tested. The results showed that after ammonia nitrogen stress, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of total ammonia nitrogen was 276.51 mg/L at 24 h, 190.62 mg/L at 48 h and 148.62 mg/L at 96 h, and the LC50 of un-ionized ammonia was 2.52 mg/L at 24 h, 1.74 mg/L at 48 h, and 1.36 mg/L at 96 h. The safe concentration of total ammonia nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia was 14.87 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, for juvenile. Under ammonia nitrogen stress, the content of MDA in the liver increased by 26.20%, 18.68% and 17.08% compare with the control (P<0.05), but CAT and T- SOD appeared to be activated at first and then inhibited, and antioxidase was induced more significantly at relatively higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen and long time exposure, and it weakened the antioxidant capacity of the body. The results reveal that ammonia tolerance of Allogynogenetic gibel carp‘CAS Ⅲ’is higher than that of Mylopharyngodon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844), Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, and other conventional freshwater fish. However, acute ammonia nitrogen stress damaged the liver antioxidant system and it is harmful to the health and growth of juvenile fish.

  Rice Drying Apparatus for Bulk Curing Barn: Development and Application 2019, 9 (3):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18120007 Abstract + ( 527 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 460 ) The paper aims to give a full play to the role of tobacco curing barn during the non-baking period, improve its utilization, and increase the income of tobacco farmers. Using the structure and function of the original bulk curing barn, we carried out the rice drying experiment through the developed drying apparatus of bulk curing barn. The results showed that: compared with manual tedding of rice, the drying rate of the bulk curing barn could be effectively improved, and its requiring area was small, its requiring time was significantly reduced and the cost of drying was obvious cut; the quality of rice grain after drying was higher than that of manual tedding, and the germination rate could reach more than 95%, showing no significant difference with that of the manual tedding; drying rice by bulk curing barn had a roasting capacity of more than 5000 kg each time, the drying cost was about 0.07 yuan/kg; compared with the manual tedding 0.23 yuan/kg, the cost saving was up to 160 yuan/t, and the average cost reduction was about 1200 yuan/hm2.

  GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Study of Volatile Oil from Michelia hedyosperma Leaves 2019, 9 (3):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030024 Abstract + ( 367 )   PDF ( 1364KB )   ( 456 ) To study the composition and antibacterial activity of Magnoliaceae plants, volatile oil was extracted by the steam distillation method from fresh leaves of Michelia hedyosperma grown in the Bawangling area of Hainan. After separation and purification, the chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and a total of 34 compounds were identified, accounting for 88.01% of the total composition. In addition to oxygen derivatives of monoterpenes and terpenes, most compounds belonged to sesquiterpenes. The components with higher abundance were Caryophyllene (11.442% ), Spathulenol (11.319% ), Carene (9.412% ), Aromadendrene (8.981%), Caryophyllene oxide (7.721%). In this study, the inhibitory effect of extracts from the leaves of M. hedyosperma on the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella was studied using a filter paper diffusion method. The MIC for the above bacteria was 0.313, 0.625, and 0.625 g/mL, respectively. M. hedyosperma is a unique and endangered plant resource in Hainan. Under the background of building Hainan into an ecologically livable international tourism island, this study provides a valuable basis for conservation breeding and proliferation of M. hedyosperma. In addition, this study adds important information in the National Forest Germplasm Resource Platform regarding the composition and functions of the plant, and provides references for the development of new products in the fields of medicines, chemicals and foods by using the leaves of M. hedyosperma.

  Industrialization of Transgene Crops and Green Agriculture in China 2019, 9 (3):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18090002 Abstract + ( 583 )   PDF ( 1150KB )   ( 643 ) To help the public identify and consciously resist the anti-GMO rumors, and promote the healthy development of biotechnology research and transgene crops’ industrialization in China, the authors analyze the widespread rumors against the research and industrialization of transgenic technologies, and make clarification according to scientific experimental results and facts. The authors point out the absurdity and harms of the rumors, and prove the safety of transgene crops and foods for human beings and environment. At the same time, by summarizing current situation of agricultural development in China and the achievements of global industrialization for transgenic crops, the authors expound the historical inevitability and broad prospects of realizing the industrialization of transgenic crops in China, and indicate that the wide application of transgenic technology will add new impetus to the development of green agriculture in China.

  Design and Implementation of Tea Sale Information Management System 尹倩,,窦龙祺,, and 2019, 9 (3):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100019 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 2769KB )   ( 660 ) Huge data is generated by tea sale,and it is particularly important for data processing.Compared with the front desk design of the current completed tea sale,the background data management design is slightly weak.Huge data and the need to turn it into benefits,and higher requirements have been put forward for the tea sale data management system.Through the necessity and feasibility analysis of the establishment of tea sale information management system,the tea sale information management system is designed based on PHP,MySQL,network technology, programming language and database for the tea sales enterprise data processing,classification,sorting and other functional requirements,which is combined with the management of tea sale standardization and the need of the information construction.Real-time management and query are realized in the system ,in which B/S architecture is adopted,and meanwhile automatic management and data updation of the tea sale are also realized,and the timeliness and fluency of information flow are ensured,and the management mechanism with clear authority of information sharing is established,and the management efficiency of tea sale data is improved in the system.

  Research and application of meteorological data comparison algorithm of national main standby automatic weather station. 2019, 9 (3):  75-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030028 Abstract + ( 528 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 535 ) Taking ground meteorological data of Huangshi National Meteorological Station as the samples, we compare and analyze the data of main and standby automatic meteorological stations in the same software. By combining the absolute differences and standard deviation values, we aim to improve the functions of automatic debugging and automatic error correcting of the state- level meteorological stations. Besides, data of temperature and air pressure of ground meteorological data are used for the automatic identification test with the data processing methods proposed by this study. Results show that the expected effects of automatic identification of wrong data source can be achieved.

  Sustainable Development of Agriculture: Research and Practice 2019, 9 (3):  79-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18110021 Abstract + ( 560 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 558 ) Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. The agricultural development ways and whether they are sustainable affect not only the agricultural development itself, but also the development of the entire national economy and other relevant industries. Therefore, all the developed and developing countries attach great importance to the sustainable development of agriculture. Western developed countries proposed the concept of“Sustainable Agricultural Development”in the mid-1980s, while China officially launched the concept of“Sustainable Agricultural Development”in the early and mid-1990s. This article highlighted the research progress of agricultural sustainable development at home and abroad from four aspects: research process, research contents, research results and research characteristics. It also discussed the sustainable development of agriculture from three aspects: planning, demonstration and practical results. In addition, current problems of domestic and foreign agricultural sustainable development were pointed out based on the research and practice. Finally the trend of the agricultural sustainable development in the future was proposed: more in-depth research and wider practice.

  Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of High-Gluten and Low-Gluten Wheat with Premium Quality for Special Purposes ---An Investigation in Henan and Other Provinces 2019, 9 (3):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18120012 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 643 ) Expanding production of high-gluten and low-gluten wheat with premium quality for special purposes has great significance on promoting wheat supply-side reform, ensuring national food security and improving people’s living standard. Based on in-depth investigation of farmers, agricultural enterprises and management departments in Henan and other provinces, this research analyzed current situation of premium quality wheat for special purposes in China, and pointed out that there were some main questions such as short supply of high-quality wheat for special purposes, shortage of research and promotion on breeding and matching techniques ,low level of large-scale planting and single planting and harvesting，loose coupling between enterprises and farmers，no higher price of high quality wheat, imperfect acquisition and storage system, and other particularly issues. Finally, some policy recommendations were put forward such as studying and popularizing fine breed and matching techniques, promoting large-scale standard planting, improving system of purchasing and storage，playing dominant role of enterprises, promoting appropriate development model, increasing financial support, and so on.

  Development of Yantai Wine Culture Tourism Based on Consumers’Preference 2019, 9 (3):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050026 Abstract + ( 579 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 534 ) The paper aims to promote the healthy and rapid development of wine tourism industry in Yantai, effectively solve the problems of unclear market segmentation of wine tourism attractions and the unbalance between effective supply and actual demand, and meet the needs of consumers from the perspective of supplyside reform to guide the development and upgrading of the wine tourism industry. This article analyzes the relevant influencing factors of wine tourism in Yantai through SPSS and other statistical software, summarizes consumer preferences, and defines the target market to improve market segmentation. Through the STP strategy (segmenting, targeting, positioning), it proposes targeted suggestions on wine tourism industry development. Results of data analysis show that there are obvious correlations between onsumers’age and touring time, neighboring bars, love for travel experience and wine culture; occupation and ticket prices; monthly disposable income and ticket prices, spending at scenic spots, surrounding specialty hotels, specialty grape shops, love for wine drinking. According to the correlation between demographic characteristics and tourism consumer preferences, the study proposed strategies on tourism products, product pricing, and product promotion.