Current issue

• 2019 Vol.9 No.4 Published:19 April 2019

  Effect of Shading on Rice Growth and Quality 闫萌萌,,吕守义,吴金荣,刘福英 and 邢超 2019, 9 (4):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18010028 Abstract + ( 563 )   PDF ( 1193KB )   ( 588 ) To discuss the change rule of rice growth and development and rice quality of different varieties under shading treatment, plant height, tillering, leaf age, yield character and rice quality of‘Wuyoudao 4’, ‘Songjing 9’and‘Longdao 18’were analyzed by pot experiment. The results showed that shading reduced plant height and leaf age, shortened the growth period by 8-10 days, dry weight per plant and yield decreased by an extremely significant level, taste value decreased by a significant level.

  Core Germplasm Construction of Foxtail Millet Landrace in Shanxi 2019, 9 (4):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060022 Abstract + ( 466 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 556 ) To construct core collection of foxtail millet landrace in Shanxi, improve the utilization efficiency of germplasm resources, a random sampling was conducted after system clustering by Ward’s method. 11.34% of the initial collection was chose as the primary core collection. The results showed that the mean difference percentage (MD) of phenotypic traits between the core collection and initial collection was 5.9% , the coincidence rate of range (CR) was 87.4% , the variance difference percentage (VD) was 35.3% , and the variable rate of coefficient of variation (VR) was 102.0%. The t-test of Shannon-Weaver diversity index showed the primary core collection could represent the genetic diversity of the initial collection．

  Control effects and Application Technology of 10% triflumezopyrim SC on rice planthoppers 2019, 9 (4):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020017 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 501 ) The paper aims to elucidate the control effect of 10% triflumezopyrim suspension on rice planthoppers (including the white-backed planthopper, WBPH and brown planthopper, BPH), which are the main pests on rice, and the influence on spiders, the predator of planthoppers, and to provide references for the promotion and application of 10% triflumezopyrim suspension. Three treatments are set as 75 mL/hm2 (low dose), 150 mL/hm2 (medium dose) and 225 mL/hm2 (high dose), and 25% pymetrozine suspension 300 mL/hm2 and 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 90 g/hm2 are used as positive control group, and water as blank control group. Each treatment repeated three times, and the drugs are sprayed during the outbreak of rice planthopper nymph. The results showed that compared with the positive control group, 10% triflumezopyrim suspension had the highest insecticidal activity. Field survey showed that, on the 14th day after drug spray, the control effect of low, middle and high dose of 10% triflumezopyrim suspension was 95.16% , 96.78% and 100.00% on WBPH respectively, and 90.29%, 96.07% and 93.81% on BPH respectively. High dose treatment had certain influence on spiders, 21-35 days after drug spray, there was a little decline of spider numbers. Middle and low dose treatment had slightly influence on spiders in field. After 35 days of drug spray, the total number of spiders decreased a little. The safety of triflumezopyrim on spider was higher than that of the positive control group. 10% triflumezopyrim suspension not only show good control effect on rice planthoppers, but also has relatively long lasting time, and less influence on the predator of planthopper. So, it could be prompted and applied in rice production.

  Research and Application of Pest Control by Spider in Jiangsu Paddy Field 2019, 9 (4):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050022 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 1030KB )   ( 610 ) In this paper, the purposes of the research on spiders in paddy field are introduced, and the types of pest, hazard situation and prevention and control measures in Jiangsu paddy field from 2003 to 2017 are summarized. Besides, the authors analyze the main types, rules of growth and biological characteristics of spiders, and introduce the protection measures of spiders in paddy field and spiders’application in pest control. Compared with traditional biological measures for rice pest control, the use of spiders in paddy field had great advantages, such as no any additional input, simple and easy to conduct. Finally, the promotion and application prospect of pest control by spiders are discussed.

  Effect of Pre-emergency Herbicides and Soil Tillage on Weeds and Biological Characters of Wheat Stubble Millet 2019, 9 (4):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020014 Abstract + ( 383 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 591 ) To control weeds in wheat stubble millet field, reduce weeds influence on millet and the weeding cost, the effect of different pre- emergence herbicides and soil tillage methods on weeds and biological characters of wheat stubble millet are studied with randomized block design. The results showed that: the number of new weeds after 15, 15-30, 30-45 d was 64.77%, 26.14%, 9.09% of that of 45 d in south Shanxi; 2100 g/hm2 of 10% Monosulfuron with soil sealing had dramatic suppressing effect on new weeds of 15, 15-30 d and weeds in whole growth period; 1500 and 1800- 2400 g/hm2 of 10% Monosulfuron had respectively promoting and inhibitory effect on biological characters (plant height, individual plant secondary roots) at millet seedling stage. In conclusion, 2100 g/hm2 of 10% Monosulfuron with soil sealing can significantly inhibit weeds in wheat stubble millet field.

  Fertilization on Chinese Yam: Effects of N and K Rates and Combined Application of Mg and B 李国良,何兆桓 and 杨苞梅 2019, 9 (4):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18110003 Abstract + ( 461 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 476 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the appropriate rates of N and K and the effects of combined application of Mg and B on Chinese Yam, to provide a basis for high yield and good quality production and rational fertilization. We set three N rates (270, 360 and 450 kg N/hm2) and three K rates (270, 360 and 450 kg K2O/hm2), and studied the effects of equal rate of organic fertilizer (fine organic fertilizer of 4500 kg/hm2) and phosphorus fertilizer (144 kg P2O5/hm2) combined with magnesium (22.5 kg Mg/hm2) and boron (0.21 kg B/hm2) on chlorophyll content, biomass, quality, nutrient uptake and yield. The results showed that the N and K application rates had no significant effect on the foliar SPAD value in tuberous root expansion period and harvest period. Combined application of Mg and B increased soluble protein and amino acid nitrogen significantly. With the increase of N and K, the demand quantity of N and K first increased and then decreased. The tuberous root weight, biomass and yield increased by applying N 360 kg/hm2 with K2O 450 kg/hm2 or N 360 kg/hm2, K2O 360 kg/hm2 with 22.5 kg Mg/hm2. The harvest index of N and K were increased under the application of K with Mg. To achieve the yield of 70000- 90000 kg/hm2, the combined application of K2O/sub> yield.

  Soil Fertility Evaluation of Different Planting Years’Solar Greenhouse in Yan’an 2019, 9 (4):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18010014 Abstract + ( 431 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 608 ) Taking solar greenhouse soil of different planting years in Yan’an as the research object, soil physicochemical indexes are measured. Classification criteria for soil nutrients in the 2nd National Soil Survey and Nemorrow formula are used in this study. The results indicated that the pH value of 5 years greenhouse soil was 8.46, which was alkaline - strong alkaline, while that of 20 years was 7.54 of medium-light alkaline, indicating that the soil tended to be acidification with the increase of planting years. Soil total salt content of 5 years greenhouse was 0.70 g/kg, which was medium salinized soil, and that of 20 years was 1.17 g/kg, which was strong salinized soil. The secondary salinization was obvious with the increase of planting years. Nutrient analysis showed that soil organic matter was 17.53 g/kg and 20.15 g/kg of 5 and 20 planting years, available nitrogen was 93.47 mg/kg and 159.80 mg/kg, available phosphorus was 54.47 mg/kg and 71.85 mg/kg, available potassium was 123.05 mg/kg and 164.23 mg/kg. Available nitrogen content was relatively low. Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium was higher in soil of long planting years. Soil integrated fertility was in the third class, fertility condition was ordinary. The integrated fertility index (P) of 20 years was 1.55, which was little higher than that of 5 years (1.12). Thus, the effects of planting years on soil fertility are great.

  Biochar: Effects on Soil Chemical Properties and Cucumber Yield and Quality in Greenhouse 2019, 9 (4):  59-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060017 Abstract + ( 644 )   PDF ( 970KB )   ( 480 ) The paper aims to explore the improvement effect of biochar on greenhouse soil. A field-testing was conducted with different application rates of biochar in 2014 and 2015 to explore the potential for improving soil chemical properties in greenhouse environment. The results showed that: there were remarkable differences of the contents of available potassium (AK) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) under different biochar application rates. The AK increased by 60- 152 mg/kg. The decreasing trend of AP was slowed down by 14.57%-18.42% due to the application of biochar. The organic carbon content was 1.76-2.59 times higher than that of CK. The pH value increased by 0-0.02 units, while the electrical conductivity of topsoil decreased with the elevated biochar. Vitamin C and soluble sugar content in fruit increased respectively by 5.64%- 13.26% and 17.21%-40.73%, nitrate content decreased by 0.94%-8.34%. The application of biochar in the season significantly improved the nutrients’content in soil and the yield and quality of cucumber, and the effect of promoting is weakened after one year.

  Species Diversity in Alpine Meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Altitudinal Gradient Pattern and Its Response to Simulated Warming 2019, 9 (4):  66-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030018 Abstract + ( 517 )   PDF ( 3071KB )   ( 391 ) To study the spatial distribution pattern of alpine vegetation ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and its responses to global climate change, we took alpine meadows in the QTP as the research object, and selected 8 typical experimental areas at different elevations, with each area setting both contrast samples and warming samples. The results show that: (1) Gramineae is the main dominant family in the experimental areas lower than 4000 m, but Cyperaceae is the main dominant family in the areas higher than 4000 m; (2) the species diversity is relatively high in the middle elevation in the experimental areas, and the species diversity in the low elevation area is higher than that in the high elevation; (3) active warming and passive warming have different effects on the species diversity of alpine meadows in the QTP, but warming reduces the species diversity in general, and the dominant families in the community (Gramineae and Cyperaceae ) are more sensitive to warming. Therefore, both warming and elevations have important effects on the species diversity of alpine meadows in the QTP and reduce the species diversity of alpine meadow

  Advances in Coix lacryma-jobi Cultivation Research in China 2019, 9 (4):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020013 Abstract + ( 550 )   PDF ( 1131KB )   ( 476 ) Coix lacryma-jobi is popular due to its nutritional quality, active ingredients and medicinal value, so the cultivation techniques of C. lacryma- jobi are highlighted. On reviewing the advances in cultivation techniques of C. lacryma- jobi in main planting areas in China during the past decade, techniques of seed morphology, biological active, sowing practice, fertilizer practice, and disease control were sorted out. In addition, morphology characteristics and content of bioactive substances of C. lacryma-jobi seed from different production areas were compared, sowing and fertilizer practices were classified, and smut control techniques were analyzed. Finally, we propose that C. lacryma- jobi should be developed by using mechanize production techniques which emphasize organic, green, and pollution-free directions, with product development and an active role played by enterprises.

  Research Progress of DNA Barcoding in Insect Taxonomy 张振旺 2019, 9 (4):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050009 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 1088KB )   ( 708 ) DNA barcoding which is based on molecular biology and bioinformatics is a new method for biology Taxonomy. It has been applied widely for species identification due to its quickness and accuracy. The task for insect species identification is difficult and complex owing to a wide variety of insects. Therefore, DNA barcoding could be an efficient method to identify insects. This paper briefly introduced the conception, principles, and operations of DNA barcoding, and reviewed the application of DNA barcoding in insect taxonomy, as well as the advantage and limitation of the method compared with traditional morphological classification methods. At the same time, the paper also discussed the feasibility of barcoding in insect taxonomy and its development prospect.

  Refined Grain Comprehensive Agricultural Division Based on GIS in Southeast Mountain Area of Shandong 2019, 9 (4):  84-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050013 Abstract + ( 462 )   PDF ( 2435KB )   ( 367 ) To compile the zoning maps of wheat planting in southeast mountainous area of Shandong, arrange agricultural production, increase wheat yield and farmers’income, the author analyzed the climatic factors, topographic factors and soil factors of wheat planting in the area, used AHP to give weight to the influence factors on wheat planting, considered the rivers, land- use types and other factors at the same time, and prepared the comprehensive zoning map of wheat planting in Wulian County in detail by using GIS technology. The zoning diagram showed that: the distribution of planting suitability of winter wheat in Wulian County showed obvious spatial difference, the overall suitability gradually diminished from southeast to northwest, the most suitable areas were mainly located in the central, southeast and southern Wulian, suitability of the northwest area was slightly worse. The map could be used as a guide for planting wheat in the southeast mountainous area of Shandong.

  Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc in Jiangjin: Climate Quality Change with Harvesting Time 孙恩虹,赵 洁, and 2019, 9 (4):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020011 Abstract + ( 469 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 588 ) According to the effect of meteorological condition on the quality formation of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc, taking Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc in Jiangjin, Chongqing of different harvesting time as the experimental material, we analyzed the main quality changes of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc with its maturity, and determined the suitable harvest time, aiming to provide a basisfor further developing the climate quality certification. The results showed that: there were some changes in contents and components of essential oil of different harvesting time; the main aroma components included linalool, bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane -3-ketone, (+)-limonene; the contents of essential oil, numb-taste components and water became stable in the late stage of harvesting time due to the effect of meteorological factors, the early stage of June is the suitable harvesting time of the year.

  The Initial Period of Cotton Planting in Hebei Province 2019, 9 (4):  92-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060021 Abstract + ( 366 )   PDF ( 1088KB )   ( 422 ) Hebei is one of the important cotton producing areas in China and has a long history of cotton planting. Over the years, experts in agriculture and history have been exploring and studying the history of cotton planting in Hebei, and achieved remarkable results. However, there has been no definite conclusion on the initial period of cotton planting in Hebei. There are roughly three different views. The first is that cotton planting in Hebei began in the late Song dynasty and the early Yuan dynasty. The second regards the Song dynasty as the initial time of cotton planting in Hebei. And the third refers to the Tang dynasty or earlier. Through extensive consulting to historical materials, and combing and analysis, we consider that the view that cotton planting in Hebei began in the Tang dynasty is more consistent with historical facts.

  The Construction and Development of Ecological Farm 2019, 9 (4):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070001 Abstract + ( 431 )   PDF ( 1074KB )   ( 602 ) The development of eco-farms is an important direction and strategic choice for China’s future agricultural development. Based on such recognition, the paper refers to relevant literatures and believes that the term‘ecological farm’was first put forward in 1982 in China. On this basis, the concept and characteristics of ecological farm are briefly introduced, and it is pointed out that ecological farm is an agricultural production units or unit formed by new agricultural production mode and technical system guided by ecological theory. Ecological farm has many characteristics such as obvious boundary, biological diversity, structural complexity, high efficiency, advanced technology and development cycle. The development of ecological farm in foreign countries is characterized by its early start, rapid development, large scale, multiple types and good benefits. The construction and practice of China’s ecological farms can be roughly divided into the following three stages: the first stage is the state-owned farm established according to the principle of planned economy after the founding of the P. R. China. The second stage is the ecological farm began to develop in the early 1980s. The third stage is the development of family farms which is vigorously advocated since the new century and, especially family ecological farms. Judging from the current status and future trends of agricultural development at home and abroad, it is not only important but also urgent for China to speed up the construction and development of ecological farms, which is imperative. Finally, the author puts forward countermeasures to speed up the construction and development of ecological farms in China, including raising awareness, making planning, speeding up implementation, promoting technology, developing cooperation, and perfecting the system.