Current issue

• 2020 Vol.10 No.4 Published:20 April 2020

  Supplemental Irrigation Based on Testing Soil Moisture Content: Effects on the Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat Yan Meiling, Zhao Ming, Cui Mingzhuo, Xin Qingguo, Sun Xiaohui, Wang Jiangchun, Yin Yan 2020, 10 (4):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000219 Abstract + ( 305 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1373KB )   ( 280 ) The aim is to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture content on yield and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat. The high-yield and high-quality winter wheat cultivar ‘Yannong 999’ was used as test material, and five water treatments were set up, including W0 (zero-irrigation in the whole growth period), Wck (traditional irrigation as a control treatment), W70, W75 and W80 are the treatments of supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture content, and the supplemental irrigation was 70%, 75% and 80% of soil relative water content at jointing stage and at anthesis stage, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in W75 treatment were higher than those of other treatments, and they were 11438.85 kg/hm 2 and 25.78 kg/(hm 2·mm), respectively, which were increased by 12.12% and 21.2%, compared with Wck; (2) in W75 treatment, leaf area index at anthesis stage and grain filling stage, the flag leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) at grain filling stage, the transfer rate of accumulated dry matter at pre-anthesis to grain, the nutrient organs at flling stage of contribution to grain, were higher than those of other treatments. In conclusion, W75 is the best irrigation solution for ‘Yannong 999’.

  S-abscisic Acid and Fulvic Acid: Effect on Oat Physiological Characteristics Under Drought Stress Zhou Haitao, Zhang Yanyang, Zhao Mengyuan, Zhang Xinjun, Li Tianliang, Cao Lixia, Yuan Huifu 2020, 10 (4):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030023 Abstract + ( 366 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 215 ) To study the drought-resistance cultivation technology, the oat variety ‘Jizhangyan5’ was used as material, S-abscisic acid (S-ABA) and fulvic acid were sprayed to oats under different moisture gradients. A series of indexes were determined, including oat plant height, leaf area (coefficient method), dry matter accumulation (weighing method), proline content (acid-triketone process), soluble sugar content (anthrone colorimetry), soluble protein content (Coomassie bright blue method), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (under-light reduction method), peroxidase (POD) activity (guaiacol method), catalase (CAT) activity (ultraviolet absorption method). A comparative evaluation was conducted with significance analysis and membership function method. The results showed that both S-ABA and fulvic acid improved drought resistance and yield of oat. Under normal water supply, the yield of oat increased by 27.04% and 9.21%, respectively, compared with the control. Under moderate drought stress, the yield of oat increased by 25.65% and 18.13%, respectively. Under severe drought stress, the yield of oat was raised by 37.11% and 21.10%, respectively. Under normal water supply, the effect of spraying S-ABA was better than that of fulvic acid, while under drought stress, the effect of spraying fulvic acid was better than that of S-ABA.

  Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize Variety ‘Liangyu 188’ Li Ping, Xie Shengjie, Li Mingming, Jia Yatao, Feng Wanjun, Xing Guofang 2020, 10 (4):  14-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020012 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 317 ) In field experiment, ‘Liangyu 188’ was used as material, four nitrogen treatments and three phosphorus treatments were set, and a total of 12 combinations were obtained. Photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves at jointing stage and filling stage were determined and the agronomic and yield characters in the ripening period were measured, to maximize fertilizer efficiency by exploring the optimal ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that under the condition of N300P240, the stomatal conductance of ‘Liangyu 188’ increased by 10.75%, the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 61.5%, the transpiration rate increased by 64.24%, water use efficiency decreased by 85.66%. It can be found that under the combined treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of 100-grain increased with the increase of fertilizer application. When the nitrogen application amount was 300 kg/hm 2 and the phosphorus application amount was 240 kg/hm 2, the plant height of maize was 233 cm, the ear height was 82.33 cm, the kernel number was 582.67, and the 100-grain weight was 41.65 g, the grain yield reached the maximum of 9076.05 kg/hm 2. The results showed that when the nitrogen application rate was 300 kg/hm 2 and the phosphorus application rate was 240 kg/hm 2, the maize variety ‘Liangyu 188’ had the best photosynthetic efficiency, better agronomic traits such as plant height, ear height and grain number per ear, and the yield increase effect was the best.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Improvement and Growth of Zoysia pacifica in Green Space Zheng Lijin, Zhang Fan, Song Guoliu, Shi Zhengjun 2020, 10 (4):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200324 Abstract + ( 267 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 234 ) To provide a reference for rational application of organic fertilizer in green space soil, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizers (mushroom residue, chicken manure, pig manure and green waste) on soil improvement and growth of Zoysia pacifica. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, NPK and total humus carbon in the soil treated with organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those in the control (P<0.05). The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus were the highest in the treatment of green waste, which were 10.7, 5.0, 8.6 and 17.4 times of those of the control, respectively. The contents of total potassium and available potassium in the soil were as follows: mushroom residue > chicken manure > green waste > pig manure. The effect of organic fertilizer application on soil aggregates was mainly reflected in macroaggregates, whose relative content was as follows: green waste > pig manure > control > mushroom residue > chicken manure, while the effects on microaggregates were on the contrary. In addition, the fresh and dry weight of Zoysia pacifica in chicken manure treatment were the highest. The contents of chlorophyll a, b and total content in green waste treatment were the highest, which were significantly higher than those of mushroom residue and pig manure treatments, and increased by 25.0%, 33.3% and 27.3% compared with the control. To sum up, green waste is the best organic fertilizer for green space improvement in Shenzhen.

  Land Use/Cover in China’s Land Areas: Spatio-temporal Pattern Change and Driving Forces Analysis Hu Yueqin, Ma Yanfei, Zhang Weike 2020, 10 (4):  26-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600085 Abstract + ( 732 )   HTML ( 46 )   PDF ( 2451KB )   ( 560 ) To reveal the spatio-temporal changes of land use pattern in China in the early 21st century, based on the global 30 m land cover remote sensing data product (GlobeLand30), using the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, we analyzed the land use transfer matrix and land use dynamics in the 10 years. The results showed that: grassland, forest and cultivated land were the main land use types in the study area, and the areas of grassland, cultivated land and wetland decreased continuously by 140413, 20480 and 692 km 2, respectively; the areas of bare land and artificial land increased obviously by 99645 and 26302 km 2; the transformation between grassland and bare land, grassland and forest was more intense; shrub land and artificial land surface had the largest change rate, reaching 1.80%; the patterns of land use types in each sub-basin were different, and grassland, cultivated land and forest were the main types in most basins. The types of grassland, bare land and artificial land surface change obviously in the region, the influence of human factors on land use pattern is great and active, and the influence of natural factors is lasting and stable.

  Reproduction Techniques of Rare Tree Species of Chionanthus retusus in China: Research Progress Zhou Wenling, Li Jihong, Qu Kai, Wang Baorui, Guo Haoping, Hou Lili 2020, 10 (4):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900187 Abstract + ( 398 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1039KB )   ( 531 ) Chionanthus retusus is a second-class protected plant in China, and the research on its breeding technology is of great significance in production practice. This paper reviews the previous studies on the propagation technology of C. retusus, from seed dormancy, breaking seed dormancy, to sowing and seedling raising, cutting propagation, grafting propagation and tissue culture and rapid propagation, the characteristics of the propagation technology of C. retusus are summarized, and the research progress of different propagation technologies at different stages is analyzed, in order to provide technical references for C. retusus fast propagation and high quality seedling cultivation. In addition, the future scientific research on breeding technology, application value and protection and utilization of ancient tree resources are discussed.

  Effects of Flue-cured Tobacco Intercropping with Sweet Potato on Quality of Tobacco Leaves, Yields of Tobacco and Sweet Potato and Soil Temperature and Humidity Zu Weijun, Pan Wenjie, Lin Yechun 2020, 10 (4):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040028 Abstract + ( 493 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1377KB )   ( 270 ) To select the suitable variety of sweet potato intercropping with flue-cured tobacco, this study analyzed the effects of different sweet potato varieties intercropping with flue-cured tobacco on soil temperature & humidity, quality of tobacco leaves, yields of flue-cured tobacco and sweet potato in field. The results showed that the soil moisture contents in the top 10 cm soil layer and the yield of tobacco leaves were enhanced by 12.03%~91.88% and 12.29%~31.26% respectively, compared with flue-cured tobacco monoculture. The root yield of purple sweet potato was the highest of 29400 kg/hm 2, and its ratio of single tuber size more than 100 g was the highest. Flue-cured tobacco/sweet potato intercropping system could improve the internal quality of tobacco leaves, like increasing the total sugar and reducing sugar, decreasing the nicotine and total nitrogen of the middle and upper tobacco leaves. Flue-cured tobacco/sweet potato intercropping system reduced the stem content but increased the leaf density of the upper tobacco leaves, especially in flue-cured tobacco/purple sweet potato intercropping system. In conclusion, the purple sweet potato is the most suitable for intercropping with tobacco, which could provide a cropping system for enhancing yield, output and benefit in production area of flue-cured tobacco.

  Correlation Analysis Between Appearance Quality Digitalization and Sensory Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Zhang Yong’an, Ma Caijuan, Liu Libo, Zhang Mingqian, Bao Kexiang 2020, 10 (4):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200307 Abstract + ( 270 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 276 ) To explore whether two digital evaluation methods of appearance quality with scoring system was related to sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco, four main grades of middle tobacco leaves of three producing areas were selected for digital scoring and correlation analysis. The results showed that the two methods could effectively distinguish the appearance quality of different grades of flue-cured tobacco. But the sensitivity of the two methods to certain appearance quality indexes was significantly different. Method 1(10 point system) had a high sensitivity for the recognition of appearance quality and was significantly correlated with sensory quality. Method 2(100 point system) was prone to large errors in the recognition of appearance quality of certain adjacent grades, and failed to reflect the significant differences in color.

  Effects of Water and Fertilizer Integration on Commodity Characters of Fresh Mulberry Under Different Micro-topographic Conditions Wang Xie, Zhang Jianhua, Tang Tian 2020, 10 (4):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700126 Abstract + ( 306 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1525KB )   ( 200 ) To explore the coupling effect of water and fertilizer integration technology on mulberry orchards in rain-fed areas of hot and dry valleys, fresh mulberries in Yanbian County were studied. The study area was divided into four types: slope rain-fed area (DN), channel rain-fed area (WN), slope fertilization area (DF) and channel fertilization area (WF). The differences in fruit length, fruit diameter, volume, weight, density, fruit shape index and sugar content of mulberries in four types of regions were compared. The results showed that: (1) fertilization could affect the phenological characteristics of mulberry fruits and accelerate mulberry maturation; (2) fertilization, micro-topography, integrated fertilization and micro-topography had significant effects on fruit length, fruit diameter, volume and fruit shape index of fresh mulberry; (3) maturity could significantly affect fruit length, diameter and volume of fresh mulberry, but had no significant effect on fruit shape index of fresh mulberry; (4) in DF and WF, the higher the maturity, the higher the density and quality of mulberry; in DN, the density and quality of over-mature mulberry were significantly higher than those of just-ripe and full-ripe mulberry; however, in WN, the density and quality of mature mulberry were significantly higher than those of over-ripe and just-ripe mulberry; (5) the highest average sugar content was over-mature mulberry in WF, with an average sugar content of 18.01%, while the lowest was just mature mulberry in WN, with an average sugar content of 11.76%; (6) the differences of commercial characters of mulberry in DN and WN were mainly the differences of shape and sugar content; mulberry in WN had lower sugar content and larger size than that in DN; (7) there was no significant difference in commercial traits between mulberries in WF and DF. These results reveal the internal mechanism of water and nutrient supply regulating the commodity characters of mulberry, that is, water supply can promote the growth and weight of fresh mulberry, and fertilization can make fresh mulberry sweeter.

  Research Progress of Hydrangea Qiao Qian, Wang Jiangyong, Tao Jihan 2020, 10 (4):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030001 Abstract + ( 452 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1054KB )   ( 1242 ) Hydrangea occupies an important position in the horticultural market. As the germplasm resource center of Hydrangea, China has abundant resources but insufficient utilization of the resource. To make full use of Hydrangea resources in China and cultivate excellent horticultural varieties, we summarized several aspects of Hydrangea at home and abroad including the germplasm resources, the breeding objectives, forms and methods, and cultivation and application forms. By comparing the development process of Hydrangea at home and abroad, we pointed out problems in Hydrangea research in China, such as slow breeding, insufficient utilization of wild resources, and insufficient application forms in north China, and suggested that China should speed up the process of Hydrangea breeding, improve production and cultivation technology, and develop local Hydrangea resources, so as to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s flower industry.

  Research and Utilization of Pueraria Germplasm Resources Shang Xiaohong, Cao Sheng, Yan Huabing, Xie Xiangyu, Xiao Liang, Zeng Wendan, Lu Liuying 2020, 10 (4):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100261 Abstract + ( 349 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 309 ) The authors summed up the herbalogical study, components and functions, species and distribution of germplasm resources, variety selection, cultivation and breeding, exploitation and utilization of Pueraria. According to the current situation of industrial development, it is believed that the healthy development of Pueraria industry should be highlighted by the government and scientific research institutes to strengthen the utilization of resources and the selection of new varieties, establish the technology of Pueraria starch and puerarin extraction, explore the medicinal value of Puerarin and its related products, formulate relevant industry standards, enhance the molecular biology research, so as to promote the healthy, systematic and large-scale development of Pueraria industry.

  Soybean Yield in the Western Guan-Zhong Areas: The Response to Climatic Ecological Condition Qu Yang, Wang Kezhen, Liu Yang, Kang Junke, Liu Yongbin, Liang Fuqin 2020, 10 (4):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18110020 Abstract + ( 326 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 233 ) Studying key meteorological factors affecting the soybean yield, we aim to provide a reference for soybean production in western Guan-Zhong areas. We carried out the long-term positioning observation by taking soybean cultivar ‘Qindou 8’ as the material, and studied the response of soybean yield to climatic ecological condition. The results showed that: the interannual performance of soybean yield and main agronomic traits was divided into 3 categories, and the average yield of the 1 st category was 1364.55 kg/hm 2 and 733.8 kg/hm 2 higher than that of the 2 nd and 3 rd category, respectively; but the average effective accumulated temperature at the growth stage of the 1 st category was 59.18℃ lower than that of the 3 rd category, and the average effective precipitation at the growth stage of the 1 st category was 22.42 mm higher than that in the 2 nd category; disastrous weather was negatively correlated with soybean yield and component factors, and the high temperature days and precipitation from September to October were significantly and negatively correlated with per unit area yield; the soybean yield had a quadratic function relationship with the effective accumulated temperature before flowering and after flowering and the effective precipitation before flowering, and continued to decline with the increase of effective precipitation after flowering. Meteorological factors have an effect on soybean yield and component factors, and extreme weather is the key to the formation of soybean yield.

  Precipitation in Zuoquan During 1961-2015: Variation Characteristics and the Impact on Agriculture Hu Taohua, Yang Xingxing, Jiao Lei, Zhu Caifen, Yang Hongyan 2020, 10 (4):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040007 Abstract + ( 320 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 305 ) To grasp the variation rule of precipitation in Zuoquan, based on the monthly precipitation data from 1961 to 2015 of Zuoquan, we analyzed the variation trend and mutation characteristics of annual and seasonal precipitation in Zuoquan by using the methods of linear trend, 5-year moving average, M-K test and sliding t test. The results showed that: the annual precipitation in Zuoquan overall decreased at a rate of-12.6 mm/10 a, and had a decreasing trend in the 1960s-1990s and an increasing trend since the beginning of the 21 st century and there was a reduction mutation in 1968; seasonal precipitation variation showed a decreasing trend in spring, summer and autumn, and a slight increasing trend in winter, the inter decadal variation of precipitation in summer and autumn was consistent with the annual precipitation variation trend, but it fluctuated greatly to the precipitation in winter and spring, and the reduction mutation occurred in autumn of 1970, and the precipitation in spring mutated from less to more, and the precipitation in winter mutated from more to less and from less to more in 1976 and 2003, respectively; drought and rainstorm were major meteorological disasters affecting local agricultural production.

  Climate Risk Zoning of Tea in Keqiao District Ji Dandan, Hu Yanhua, Bao Junqiao, Zhou Xiaoyan, Zhou Hongyuan 2020, 10 (4):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600079 Abstract + ( 344 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2030KB )   ( 259 ) To study the main meteorological disasters in tea planting areas, we aim to provide fine meteorological services for different tea planting areas in the future. Based on the meteorological data and geographic information data of Zhejiang Regional Automatic Station from 2004 to 2016, we assessed the meteorological disaster risk of tea in Keqiao district, and conducted the climate risk zoning on this basis. The results showed that: different topography between the north and the south of Keqiao brought obvious differences in climate; aiming at the demand of tea growth and development, we analyzed the climate between the north and the south of Keqiao, and found that although the south was prone to meteorological disasters, it had better climate suitability for tea growth based on the comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, the study could provide a basis for local tea risk prediction and the optimization of the overall tea production layout.

  Creation in Modern Agricultural Science Popularization Feng Guizhen 2020, 10 (4):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000228 Abstract + ( 306 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1093KB )   ( 354 ) Agricultural science popularization is an important measure to speed up the modernization of agriculture with Chinese characteristics and to promote the development of rural areas. The creation is the source of agricultural science popularization, it is to transform agricultural knowledge and scientific principles into some straightaway forms, so as to improve the scientific literacy of farmers and the public. The study discussed the creation in modern agricultural science popularization from the perspectives of topics, team building, techniques, communication channels, and problems and suggestions. The selecting of creation topics should be based on understanding the demand of audience; the building of creation teams should be collaborative and include agricultural scientists as well as people from science popularization field and media; the creation should be scientific and ideological and lay emphasis on vivid images, straightaway skills and the application of new media technologies, expanding the dissemination of popular science works through the Internet. Finally, suggestions are proposed on improving the incentive mechanisms of agricultural science popularization and the training of full-time and part-time creation teams.

  The Development Mode of Creative Leisure Sightseeing Agriculture and Forestry in Huai’an City Wu Yu, Shen Yongbao 2020, 10 (4):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18120018 Abstract + ( 320 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 289 ) Creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry is of great significance to the Sannong issue (agriculture, rural area and farmer). The study analyzed the problems of single funding channel, insufficient function expansion, lack of industrial development planning, extensive supporting facilities, insufficient brand influence, weak sense of ownership of farmers, and short industrial chain in the development of creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry in Huai’an City. From the perspective of the creative model combining agriculture, forestry and tourism industry, the study proposed six modes of creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry in Huai’an, including “Colorful Flower+ Wedding Industry= Romantic Home” mode, “Diversified Seedlings+ Leisure Entertainment= Creative Green Scenario Model Room” mode, “Ecological Forestry+ Sports Health= Jungle Sports Health Park” mode, “Fruit Industry+ Kids’ Experience Activity= Fairy Tale Fruit Kingdom” mode, “Aquaculture+ Fishery Experience= Fishery Paradise” mode, “Traditional Craft+ Folk Scenery Experience= Ancient Scene Reappearing Paradise” mode. It is concluded that creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry should formulate rational construction and development plans, comprehensively enhance farmers’ sense of ownership, broaden the channels of funds and encourage diversified operations, create distinctive brand effect, strengthen brand marketing, extend the industrial chain, and improve the supporting facilities. In addition, we must strengthen the service system and build talent support to ensure the sustainable development of creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry.