Current issue

• 2020 Vol.10 No.5 Published:15 May 2020

  Research article

  Breeding Methods of High Quality and Good Taste Rice Varieties Wang Cheng'ai, Zhang Wenxiang, Zhao Lei, Hou Wenping, Zhao Xiuzhe, Yu Yabin, Gao Lianwen, Han Lin, Li Yan 2020, 10 (5):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18120027 Abstract + ( 388 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1671KB )   ( 299 ) To improve the breeding efficiency of rice varieties with high quality and taste, the selection and combination were conducted according to the principle of resource classification, characters complementation and target characters recombination. The key traits were selected by multiple cross, back cross, haploid culture, increasing generation in Hainan. We proposed the methods of identifying and screening excellent resources, increasing the number of combinations, selecting excellent combinations from lower generations and detecting the appearance quality of rice; for higher generation, detecting quality and taste by machine and selecting excellent strains; for stable generation, evaluating the taste artificially on the basis of measuring the quality of rice. The selection and breeding methods of stress selection, adversity selection and orientation selection were adopted for the target traits to select and breed high-quality and excellent taste rice varieties. Since 2010, 17 varieties have been selected and bred by this method and passed variety certification at or above the provincial level, among which, 5 varieties were of high quality, 4 varieties were awarded with the national good taste variety prize, 3 varieties won the second and third prize of the provincial science and technology progress. The paper also puts forward suggestions on the breeding of high quality and good taste rice varieties in the future.

  The High Quality Coarse Cereals ‘Suluomai 2’: Breeding and Industrial Application Wei Yafeng, Li Bo, Chen Hui, Xue Yaguang, Shi Lv, Liu Jian 2020, 10 (5):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030007 Abstract + ( 299 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 352 ) This study introduced the breeding background, process and cultivation techniques of the high quality coarse cereals ?Suluomai 2?. The variety has moderate effective panicle numbers, larger panicle types, more grain number per panicle, medium 1000-grain weight, higher yield, medium resistance, better quality, and could be developed and used as high quality grains. A series of naked barley foods including ?cold steamed food? made with green naked barley, noodle, instant flour and doughball made with dry naked barley are researched and developed. Based on the study, we construct an industrial technology promotion and development model of ?integration of science and enterprise, agriculture and tourism?, and discussed the industrialization development prospect of naked barley.

  Total Flavonoids in Maize Seedlings Before and After Drought Stress: Determination with Sodium Nitrite-Aluminum Nitrate Colorimetry Ren Yuanyu, Wei Dongwei, Wang Zhongwei, Zhou Yaping 2020, 10 (5):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800161 Abstract + ( 830 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 420 ) To study the effects of drought stress on the total flavonoids content of different maize seedlings, sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate colorimetric method was used to determine the total flavonoid of 'Xudan 20', 'Zhengdan 958' and 'Yuyu 22' maize seedlings before and after drought stress, and the method was verified with methodology. Results showed that the total flavonoids contents in maize seedlings of the three varieties from high to low was 'Xundan 20', 'Zhengdan 958', 'Yuyu 22' before drought stress, and it changed to be 'Zhengdan 958', 'Xundan 20', 'Yuyu 22' after drought stress. The total flavonoids contents in maize seedlings of the three varieties increased after drought stress, 'Zhengdan 958' increased the most (16.21%), followed by 'Xundan 20' (7.61%), and the lowest was in 'Yuyu 22' (2.67%). The precision, stability and recovery of the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate colorimetric method used in the study were conformed to the requirement of methodology, showed good feasibility. Before and after drought stress, the total flavonoids of different varieties had different response due to their distinct sensitivity. This experiment could provide certain references for studying the changes of total flavonoids in secondary metabolites of different maize varieties under drought stress.

  Maize/Cabbage Interplanting Modes: Benefit Evaluation Based on Principal Component Analysis Li Hong, Wang Yuchao, Wang Ruijun, Xi Xiaoqian, Zhang Xuli 2020, 10 (5):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500063 Abstract + ( 287 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 268 ) To screen out the best proportion of maize and cabbage interplanting and improve the theoretical basis of interplanting cultivation technology popularization and application, based on field test data of maize interplanting cabbage, we compared the yield traits and economic benefits, and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of five interplanting modes by principal component analysis. The results showed that the comprehensive benefits of different maize/cabbage interplanting modes were mainly determined by maize yield traits, cabbage yield traits and economic benefits of different interplanting modes. The comprehensive comparison results of different interplanting modes were as follows: treatment 3 > treatment 1 > treatment 4 > treatment 2 > treatment 5. Under treatment 3 (maize density 67500 plants/hm2, cabbage density 60000 plants/hm2), the yield of maize and cabbage was 12150 and 80242.5 kg/hm2, respectively, and the total output value was 83634.0 yuan/hm2. The benefit was higher than other treatments, and the field configuration was the most reasonable, which was the best combination mode. The study optimized the planting mode, which could increase the yield and output value per unit area, and raise the income of farmers.

  Effect of Plant Pattern and Density on Yield of Hybrid Millet 'ZZG 19' in Ordos Region Feng Xiaolei, Shi Gaolei, Zhang Xiaolei, Zhao Zhihai, Wang Xiaoming 2020, 10 (5):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000237 Abstract + ( 366 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1182KB )   ( 376 ) To understand the effect of different plant models on the yield of new drought-resistant hybrid millet 'ZZG 19' in Ordos region,3 plant patterns (drought and no plastic film, drought and plastic film, irrigation and no plastic film) and 5 plant densities (45000, 90000, 135000, 225000 and 450000 plants/hm2) were designed to study the stable and high yield ability of the hybrid millet 'ZZG 19'. The results showed that: the yield of 'ZZG 19' was improved with the increase of planting density under normal irrigation condition, and the highest yield was 8724.36 kg/hm2 at 450000 plants/hm2. Under drought condition, higher yield could be obtained by suitable planting density. When the planting density was 90000-450000 plants/hm2, the yield could be above 7700 kg/hm2, with the highest of 8654.33 kg/hm2, which had no significant difference with the highest yield under normal irrigation. Therefore, the suitable water-saving and high-yield planting mode of 'ZZG 19' in Ordos region is: irrigation of full water once before sowing, plastic film mulching and planting density of 90000-450000 plants/hm2, which could obtain high water use efficiency and high yield.

  Fusarium spp. in Jiangsu: Species Detection and Resistance Analysis Zhou Huafei, Wu Jiawen, Yang Hongfu, Chen Hongzhou, Shu Zhaolin, Rao Bin, Zhu Jianfei, Yao Kebing 2020, 10 (5):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600089 Abstract + ( 315 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1571KB )   ( 214 ) The study aims to detect the species composition of Fusarium spp. in Jiangsu and the resistance severity to traditional fungicides. The ascospores of Fusarium spp. from Liyang, Tongzhou and Yancheng in Jiangsu Province were used as materials to identify its dominant species and detect the resistance to carbendazim, tebuconazole and prochloraz. The results showed that Fusarium asiaticum was detected in all Fusarium spp. strains in Jiangsu, it was the absolute dominant species; the proportion of Fusarium graminearum was the highest (14%) in Liyang, the lowest in Tongzhou (8%), the average proportion was 11.33%, significantly lower than the proportion of F. asiaticum; the resistance frequency of Fusarium spp. to carbendazim in Jiangsu was between 26.3% and 54.5%; no Fusarium spp. strain resistant to tebuconazole and prochloraz was detected. In summary, the dominant species of Fusarium spp. in Jiangsu is F. asiaticum, and it has developed strong resistance to single carbendazim, and no resistance to tebuconazole and prochloraz.

  Soil Salinization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: Current Situation and Prevention and Control Countermeasures Zheng Feimin, Jia Zhifeng, Liang Fei, Ma Xu 2020, 10 (5):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500031 Abstract + ( 355 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 449 ) To study the current situation of soil salinization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), relevant investigation tables, i.e. "Classified Area Table of Saline-alkali Land", "Chemistry Type Table of Saline-alkali Land", "Production Status Table of Saline-alkali Land of Different Degrees" and "Improvement Status Table of Saline-alkali Land"were designed based on the division standard of saline-alkali land from 2015 to 2017, and the soil salinization status of 139 farms were investigated. The results showed that: the salinized farmland area of XPCC was about 531000 hm2, accounting for 44% of the total sown area (1202000 hm2); about 23.2% of salinized farmland was primary saline soil, and 76.8% of that was secondary saline soil; the areas of sulfate-type, chloride-type, soda-type and alkali-type salinized cropland were 161900, 58500, 206500 and 104100 hm2, respectively, accounting for 30.5%, 11.0%, 38.9% and 19.6% of the XPCC's salinized soil area; secondary salinization generally resulted in the reduction of crop yield and the increase of input of fertilizer and organic fertilizer with salinization. At present, there are different methods in the treatments of saline-alkali land, such as, water conservancy improvement, agricultural improvement, biological improvement and chemical improvement, but the effects are different. the improvement effects of water conservancy measures and agricultural measures are good. In order to prevent and control soil salinization, it is necessary to establish the farmland quality database and the leading group of salinization farmland comprehensive management of XPCC, and jointly carry out technical research and integration with universities in and outside of Xinjiang.

  Introduction and Screening of Peanut in Xinjiang by Weighted Improved Grey Correlation Degree Analysis Chen Jinrui, Zhang Leilei, Du Shanshan, , Hong Mei 2020, 10 (5):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040009 Abstract + ( 257 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1143KB )   ( 194 ) The paper aims to provide necessary reference for screening out peanut varieties suitable for large-scale planting and popularization in Xinjiang. We carried out the correlation degree analysis of 10 agronomic characters of 18 introduced peanut varieties (lines) in Xinjiang by using weighted improved grey correlation degree analysis. The results showed that: the correlation coefficient of 'Lu Hua 11', 'Hua Yu 33', 'Hua Yu 36', 'Ji Hua 5', 'Hua Yu 22', 'Hua Yu 71', 'Lu Hua 14', 'Ji Hua 8', and 'Hua Yu 25' were all more than 0.65, and their comprehensive characters were excellent. Therefore, these varieties are more suitable for large-scale planting and promotion in Xinjiang.

  Study on the Pollen Morphology of 42 Varieties of Bougainvillea Zhou Qun, Xu Suxia, Wang Zhen 2020, 10 (5):  48-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600078 Abstract + ( 625 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 3344KB )   ( 596 ) The pollen grain morphology of 42 varieties of Bougainvillea was observed by using electron microscopy. Compared with the published data of the pollen sterility of Bougainvillea, the relationship between pollen grain morphology and pollen sterility was studied. We collected the pollen of the 42 cultivated species of Bougainvillea and carried out the drying and morphological observation. Pictures of pollen distal view, pollen proximal view and pollen equatorial view under 3000 times and the outer wall of the network under the 10000 times were gathered, to determine the pollen grain morphology of the 42 varieties of Bougainvillea. The size of pollen and the number of germination ditches were measured. The number of buds of different varieties of Bougainvillea and different areas of pollen were compared. It was found that the appearance morphology of Bougainvillea was convex cake structure which was unilateral depression and unilateral protruding. The pollen grains of different varieties of Bougainvillea were 21.64-31.14 μm. There were three germination ditches in a few varieties and most of the varieties had less than three germination ditches. There were a lot of reticulate folds on the surface. The number of buds on the folds was different in different varieties and the number of buds was closely related to the pollen sterility. The number of pollen surface buds of varieties with high pollen sterility was higher than that with low pollen sterility. The low number of pollen surface buds in hybrid varieties could reduce the attachment ability of pollen and cause low pollen sterility.

  Sturgeon Caviar of China: Export Competitiveness Analysis and Prospect He Yanhui, Yuan Yongming, Zhang Hongyan, Wang Hongwei 2020, 10 (5):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010009 Abstract + ( 364 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 302 ) In this paper, the regional structure, market structure and market price of sturgeon caviar export of China are analyzed. The main exporting countries of sturgeon caviar in the world are estimated by using three indicators: international market share, dominant comparative advantage index and trade advantage index. It is found that the export areas and export structures of sturgeon caviar of China are relatively concentrated and have strong international competitiveness. The export price is declining year by year, and the overall competitiveness still has a lot of room to rise. On the basis of the previous analysis, suggestions on enhancing the competitiveness are put forward, such as accelerating the construction of aquatic products processing and export base, strengthening brand building and developing diversified export market.

  Farm Organic Manure Spreading Device: Design and Application Kang Xiuli, Ma Aiping, Cui Huanhu, Jing Hua, Wang Yuzhi, Zhang Jiancheng 2020, 10 (5):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020006 Abstract + ( 301 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 342 ) To solve the problem of uneven distribution and high cost of manual spreading farm organic manure and to promote the mechanical equipment technology for application of farm organic manure, we designed the farm organic manure spreading device, which mainly included four parts: bracket, connection, transmission and spreading, and the spreading distance could be adjusted by the distance between the curved surface spreading plate and curved spreading pedestal. The device was adaptable to different field sizes, and could be used with large and medium-sized tractors, it had the characteristics of easy installation and disassembly and low production cost; each device could throw farm organic manure 130-150 t evenly for each working day, and its working efficiency was 15-18 times as high as that of manual spreading. The development of the device could provide technical support for a large amount of farm organic manure applied to farmland with low cost.

  Determination Methods of Strobilurins Residue in Foods/Agricultural Products: Research Progress Zhang Juan, Qin Jinyun 2020, 10 (5):  67-71.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500042 Abstract + ( 288 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 286 ) Strobilurins are new fungicides developed in recent years, mainly including azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin and kresoxim-methyl. In this study, the development of strobilurins residue analytical methods such as extraction, purification and detection techniques was expounded. QuEChERS can be applied widely in sample pre-treatment with octadecyl silica(C18), primary secondary amine(PSA) or graphitized carbon black(GCB) as purifying agent. Although traditional gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography are still used in analysis of samples, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) have been developed rapidly and applied widely because of their excellent selectivity and sensitivity. Time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS), near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA) also have great application potentiality.

  Watermelon in Chinese Culture Zhang Xining, Hu Baogui 2020, 10 (5):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500021 Abstract + ( 1846 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF ( 1700KB )   ( 439 ) Watermelon, a fruit that is loved by people, originated from overseas and was introduced to China and developed with the time. After being introduced to China, watermelon has been cultivated and spread for a long time, and formed cultures, history and customs as the major element. In its development in China, watermelon has played a role in summer for relieving thirsty, added many connotations to the traditional Chinese culture, and influenced China's agricultural development. It is not only one of the important elements of traditional folk culture in China, but also one of the agricultural cultural heritage. The authors believe that the cultural value and social value of watermelon should be protected and passed down.

  Rape Straw Feed: Potential and Prospects Wang Yiwen, Wu Yupeng, Wang Yan, Fan Dan, Shi Zuliang, Liu Bing 2020, 10 (5):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700099 Abstract + ( 371 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 302 ) In order to study the forage utilization technology of rape straw, this paper summarized the domestic and foreign researches on rape straw in recent 30 years. We found that the crude fat and protein content of rape straw were high and the feeding potential was great; however, due to its high lignification degree and poor palatability, the rape straw could not be fed in practical production, so it was discarded and burned in large quantities. There are still deficiencies in the research on the forage technology of rape straws, and it is difficult to solve the limiting factors of feeding rape straws. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to improve the palatability of rape straw in order to increase animal feed intake and improve the utilization efficiency of rape straw. From the perspective of the forage potential of rape straws, we discuss the factors restricting the forage use of rape straws, summarize the existing technologies, such as ammoniation, silage and microstorage, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies, and put forward the research direction of feeding rape straw in the future.

  Analysis of China's Export Agricultural Products: 2000-2017 Chen Rong 2020, 10 (5):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400009 Abstract + ( 329 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 462 ) Based on the United Nation Comtrade database and the monthly statistics report of the Ministry of Commerce on import and export of China's agricultural products, the author analyzed the situation of China's agricultural export trade from 2000 to 2017. It is found that China's export agricultural products follow the principle of factor endowment and are mainly labor-intensive. Japan is China's top export market for agricultural products, but its share is falling. As an emerging market, ASEAN plays an increasingly important role in promoting China's agricultural exports. The proportion of state-owned enterprise in China's agricultural export trade is decreasing, and that of private enterprises are booming. Under the context of the shortcomings in China's agricultural trade, it is necessary to strengthen the national modern agricultural industrial technology system, intensify the position of enterprise technology innovation, develop agricultural science and technology innovation enterprises, consolidate "The Belt and Road Initiative" agricultural international cooperation, and promote regional economic integration.

  A Study on the Development Path of Homestay Under Capital Operation Huang Guanhua 2020, 10 (5):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000245 Abstract + ( 340 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 386 ) Since 2017, homestay has become the focus of capital investment. This study described the combination of capital and homestay, and the development status and scale of domestic homestay under capital operation, analyzed the advantages of homestay under capital operation and problems and limitations in practice, and pointed out that the government and industry should build a healthy policy platform for the investment and development of homestay, and create a standardized and institutionalized investment environment. We can refine and improve the norms and standards of homestay, establish investment guarantee and supervision institutions, guide capital and homestay to build a win-win cooperation mode, and explore the 'local' cultural core and other ways, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of homestay under capital operation.

  New-type Agricultural Talents' Cultivation Under the Background of the Rural Revitalization Huang Jianjie, Luo Xinglu 2020, 10 (5):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100251 Abstract + ( 470 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF ( 983KB )   ( 358 ) The study aims to discuss the necessity of cultivating new-type agricultural talents under the background of rural revitalization. We analyze main problems in the cultivation in the new era, including the shortage of new-type agricultural talents, the low level of rural talents and the insufficient construction of the introduction, cultivation and incentive mechanism, then we put forward some countermeasures for cultivating new-type agricultural talents in the new era, containing establishing a new-type agricultural talent training system in agricultural universities, improving the introduction, training and incentive mechanism, and carrying out the cultivation by the combination of school and enterprise, and the combination of production, teaching and research.