Current issue

• 2020 Vol.10 No.3 Published:30 March 2020

  Research article

  Focusing on Improving Ecological Environment for Ecologically Livable New Countryside: A Review of the 6th China Modern Agriculture Development Forum Bing Guo, Jing Ma, Zheng Wei, Yong Du, Jianzheng Li, Zhichao Ma, Rongzhi Liu 2020, 10 (3):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200016 Abstract + ( 422 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 993KB )   ( 317 ) Agricultural ecological environment conservation is a major strategic mission for the sustainable development of China’s agriculture and rural areas at the present stage. In order to implement Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization as well as the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, improve the conservation and management of ecological environment of agriculture and rural areas, build ecologically livable new countryside, and promote agricultural green development and rural revitalization, on November 21st, 2019, the 6th China Modern Agriculture Development Forum was held successfully by China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, together with Rural Energy and Environment Agency of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, and China Agricultural University, to discuss issues on approaches of agricultural green development, exploration and utilization of biomass energy and conservation of agro-ecological environment, thus to make expert recommendations on ecological civilization of agriculture and rural areas.

  Heavy Metal Passivation Technology for Farmland Soil Health: Research and Application Trend Shun’ao Liu, Hao Wu, Junming Hu, Junhui Zhang, Xiaodan Jin, Tingting Li 2020, 10 (3):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020.03.006 Abstract + ( 366 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1158KB )   ( 381 ) Affected by factors such as input of agricultural materials, solid waste dumping, sewage irrigation and atmospheric deposition, problems such as farmland soil degradation and agricultural product safety are becoming more and more serious. Heavy metal pollution seriously threatens human health through the food chain and has become one of the key issues in the field of agricultural environment in China. According to the status quo of heavy metal pollution in farmland in China, from the perspective of the organic and inorganic passive materials and soil passivation health technology, we analyzed the health restoration technology of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil, and proposed the main key bottlenecks in the current soil remediation of heavy metals in farmland, and looked forward to the development trend from organic and inorganic combined with passivation, green agricultural input, and soil quality improvement, which could provide a theoretical and technical basis for ecological control of soil heavy metal stress, the recycling of farmland waste and sustainable development of soil health.

  Production, Emission and In-situ Control Technology of Odor from Aerobic Fermentation: Research Progress Wenjie Liu, Xi Zhang, Yujun Shen, Haibo Meng, Lixin Zhao, Liming Wang, Haibin Zhou, Hongsheng Cheng 2020, 10 (3):  12-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020.03.012 Abstract + ( 353 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 540 ) A large amount of inorganic and organic volatile substances produced during aerobic fermentation. Some of these substances, such as NH3, H2S, are the major odors, which pollute the environment and do harm to human health. Combined with the current research at home and abroad, this article summarizes the odor generation mechanism and affecting factors during aerobic fermentation, and mainly analyses odor species produced by different or same raw materials. Combined with VOCs emission standards and some odor thresholds, it proposes that benzene and sulfur compounds should be paid attention. In addition, this research compares the control effect and mechanism of technological parameters optimization and in-situ deodorant additives on odor production and emission, and points out that more attention should be paid to the application of in-situ control technologies and development of effective compound deodorants, so as to provide a reference for aerobic fermentation to control odor emission. This research can also provide a theoretical basis for the further study on control and treatment of odor during aerobic fermentation.

  Regional Superiority and Matching Cultivation Pattern of Soybean in Heilongjiang: A Comparative Study Qiuzhu Yu, Guohui Sun 2020, 10 (3):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020.03.021 Abstract + ( 259 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1150KB )   ( 247 ) The research analyzed the status of soybean industry and the progress of soybean cultivation pattern in Heilongjiang Province. Through the comparison of planting production advantages of soybean in different areas, the corresponding cultivation technology patterns were integrated to provide a specific basis for solving the problems in soybean industry development in Heilongjiang. The study shows that the soybean production of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation, Heihe City and Tsitsihar City has jumped to the top, and that of the Great Khingan and Yichun area has the development advantages in the comparative analysis of comprehensive advantages. The key direction of future research should be the corresponding cultivation technology pattern based on the characteristics of soybean production and climatic condition in the above areas.

  Utilization of Agricultural Waste Resources in Jiangxi Changhua Wu, Liumeng Chen, Xingzhao Dai 2020, 10 (3):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020.03.026 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 281 ) The paper aims to study the industrial chain extension and key bottleneck problems of agricultural waste resource utilization in Jiangxi Province. Based on the investigation of Jiangxi agricultural waste resource utilization status and relevant typical cases, the paper analyzes existing problems and their historical causes, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The study believes that the problems of the utilization of agricultural waste resource in Jiangxi are relatively serious, the overall utilization mode is extensive, and the reduction, harmlessness, resource utilization and comprehensive benefits are low. The specific problems are mainly manifested in: insufficient attention and understanding, inadequate support and incentive mechanism; lax control of harmful components at the source, and high pressure on back-end resource utilization; backward technology support and equipment, and weak transformation and promotion; imperfect collection, storage and transportation system, and weak industrial foundation. On the basis of the above research, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions, including overall planning, top-level design of resource utilization, incentive compensation, policy support, market operation, industrialization of resource utilization, improvement of the collection, storage and transportation system, breakthroughs in scientific research, and cooperation between industry, university and research institutes.

  Current Status and Implication of Clean Energy Heating: Field Survey in Typical Areas of Rural Northern China Yinhong Xu, Chuang Li, Wenting Zhang, Kun Ye, Jie Li, Jiangdong Xu, Mingze Jiao, Yanbo Ren, Chunyu Xue, Guangqing Liu 2020, 10 (3):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020.03.031 Abstract + ( 520 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1523KB )   ( 544 ) To understand the current pollution situation of raw coal burning for heating and problems of clean energy heating in typical rural areas in northern China, this study conducted a large-scale field research and testing. The field testing show that: due to the residents’ habits and poor combustion conditions, the pollutant emission factors of coal-fired stoves are much higher than industrial boilers and power plants. The indoor air pollution can not be ignored. The average indoor CO concentration of radiative stoves and water-pipe stoves is 8.05 and 7.41 mg/m3; the average indoor PM2.5 concentration is 291 and 264 μg/m3, which are 10 times more than 25 μg/m3, the concentration guidance value proposed by WHO. The research results suggest that: the rural residents mainly use raw coal burning for heating at present, the residents’ intention for clean heating is affected by the household income and actual operating costs of clean heating. The proportion of the willingness to use clean energy heating increases from 33% to 52% with the household annual income increasing from less than 10,000RMB to more than 50,000RMB. 86% of respondents said that they would only use clean energy for heating if the government offers subsidies. At present, the promotion of clean heating needs to adapt to local conditions, step by step, and cooperates with energy saving revolution of buildings to achieve better results.

  Breeding of Herbicide-resistant Millet ‘Yugu 31’ and Its High Yield, Stability and Adaptability Analysis Menghan Wei, Huifang Xie, Lu Xing, Nan Fu, Suying Wang, Haiping Liu, Hui Song, Shujun Wang, Jinrong Liu 2020, 10 (3):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18110019 Abstract + ( 509 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 360 ) To solve the problem of weeding in paddy field, a new stable yield and high adaptability millet variety ‘Yugu 31’ was developed by using ‘Yugu 18’ as recurrent parent and ‘Jigu 19×SK492’ as male parent. ‘Yugu 31’ participated in the regional adaptation test of millet varieties 2016-2017, passed the national variety registration in 2018, and the registration number was GPD millet (2018) 410130. The data from regional test during 2016-2017 was analyzed, and the results showed that the average yield of ‘Yugu 31’ in the northeast China summer-sowing region was 5830.5 kg/hm 2, 10.33% higher than that of ‘Jiugu 11’ and ranked the first among the tested varieties. In the north China summer-sowing region, the average yield of ‘Yugu 31’ was 5782.5 kg/hm 2, 2.25% lower than that of ‘Yugu 18’, and ranked the eighth among the tested varieties. In the late-mature spring-sowing region in the northwest China, the average yield of ‘Yugu 31’ was 5041.5 kg/hm 2, 2.19% higher than that of ‘Changnong 35’, and ranked the fourth in the tested varieties. In the early-mature spring-sowing region in the northwest China, the average yield of ‘Yugu 31’ was 5533.5 kg/hm 2, 4.04% lower than that of ‘Datong 29’, and ranked the fifth in the tested varieties. ‘Yugu 31’ has the properties of high and stable yield and strong adaptation, and is suitable for planting in areas similar to the above four large millet ecological regions.

  Inter-plant Hole Application of Fertilizer: Effect on Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Summer Maize Ya Guo, Huanli Yin, Feng Chang, Lantao Li, Lifang Zhao, Qian Zhang, Yilun Wang 2020, 10 (3):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600084 Abstract + ( 310 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1455KB )   ( 283 ) The study aims to explore the high-yield simplified fertilization techniques for summer maize. ‘Xundan 29’ was used as material, and field experiment was conducted to study the influence of ditching strips, 30% reduction in the positive point, the inter-plant total amount and the 30% reduction of hole application on the yield, ear and plant apparent characters, biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation. The results showed that the apparent characters of inter-plant total amount hole application were improved compared with ditching strips, the yield increased by 3.70%, aboveground biomass increased by 3.56%, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation increased by 11.24% and 19.44%. 30% reduction could significantly reduce the yield, aboveground biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient accumulation by 12.88%-16.56%, 11.28%-15.12%, 20.13%-30.07% and 21.66%-38.19%, respectively. Both fertilization method and fertilizer amount had no significant effect on summer maize potassium accumulation. Even though there is no significant difference between inter-plant hole application and the positive point hole application, both of them could increase the aboveground absorption of N, P and K nutrients compared with the ditching strips, thus promoting summer maize yield. The 750 kg/hm 2 special fertilizer application combined with the inter-plant hole application increased the yield obviously, and the nutrient absorption was better, which was the appropriate management measure under the current experiment condition.

  Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation in Rice at Different Growth Stages Zhongying Ni, Mingkui Zhang, Jingwen Wang, Dan Li, Yijun Shi 2020, 10 (3):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010012 Abstract + ( 346 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 231 ) To provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures of reducing cadmium accumulation in rice, two kinds of soils, lightly and heavily contaminated by cadmium, were selected for cultivating two rice varieties, low-cadmium-absorption variety (‘Xiushui 519’) and high-cadmium-absorption variety (‘Zheyou 18’) by pot experiment, respectively. The whole rice plant was collected at different growth stages, and the dry matter accumulation and the cadmium content were analyzed. The results showed that the cadmium contents in all organs of ‘Zheyou 18’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Xiushui 519’, and the order of cadmium accumulation was: root > stem > leaf > grain. The proportion of root cadmium accumulation in the whole plant was more than 50% at all growth stages, and was higher in early stage than that in late stage. The proportion of stem cadmium accumulation in the whole plant was higher in heavily polluted soils than that of the lightly polluted soils, and higher in rice plant with high cadmium uptake capacity than in that with low cadmium uptake capacity. In lightly polluted soils, the uptake of cadmium by rice mainly occurred at tillering and booting stage, and the cadmium content in the various organs decreased with rice growth at the later stage. In heavily polluted soils, rice absorbed cadmium strongly from tillering stage to milking stage, and cadmium accumulation in most of the organs increased with growth. In general, the growth period from tillering stage to filling stage is an important period to control cadmium uptake in rice, and that from filling stage to yellow maturity stage is the key period to control cadmium transfer from stem, leaf to grain in rice.

  Germplasm Resources of Prinsepia utilis Royle in Lijiang Jianping He, Yan Li, Yuping Wang, Xing’e Huang, Wenjia He, Jiawei He 2020, 10 (3):  55-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030008 Abstract + ( 328 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1985KB )   ( 302 ) To discuss the distribution and diversity of Prinsepia utilis Royle resources, we investigated and evaluated 121 samples of Prinsepia utilis Royle resources collected from 12 townships and Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Scenic Area. The results show that: Prinsepia utilis Royle mainly distributes at the altitude from 2000-3200 m, and could be found above 1800 m in Lijiang; the flowering period is from November to March of the next year, and the fruiting period is from April to July; the Prinsepia utilis Royle has the characteristics of cold tolerance, drought tolerance and could adapt to poor nutrients environment; at present, the area of wild Prinsepia utilis Royle in Lijiang is 3400 hm 2, and the area of artificial cultivation is 6800 hm 2; there are significant differences in phenological period, seed size and 100-seed weight among different altitudes and regions. The analysis of seed traits show that: there are abundant diversity of phenotypic traits in Lijiang; the lengths of the largest and smallest seeds differ about two times in vertical, horizontal and lateral diameters; the heaviest single seed weight is 0.408 g, the lightest is 0.056 g, and the difference is 7.3 times; the 100-grain weight of 103 resources ranges from 10 to 20 g; the seed plumpness ranges from 30% to 100%, among them, the seed plumpness of 5 resources is 100%. The results of this survey provide a reference for genetic diversity research and breeding of Prinsepia utilis Royle .

  The Change of Quality Characteristics of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in Different Chateaus of Penglai Luyao Yang, Caixia Ma, Yang Xu, Dejing Ma, Hongyong Liu, Kun Wang, Xiaomin Zhong, Yang Tan, Jieshan Cheng 2020, 10 (3):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400010 Abstract + ( 417 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 222 ) The purpose is to investigate the grape fruit quality, the content of grape strain confounding, and the species degradation of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’(Vitis vinifera L.) under different cultivating models and planting districts, so as to screen suitable production areas for fine ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ strains, as well as ensure the grape quality of wine production in Yantai. The experiment was conducted in 2017 in five major Yantai wine making chateaus of Penglai: Guobin, Annuo, Changcheng, Longhu, and Ahaiwei. The fruit quality characteristics of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ including soluble solids (SS), titratable acid, berry weight, fruit hardness, total polyphenols (TP), anthocyanins (A), tannins (T), and organic acids (OA) were investigated, to analyze the fruit quality change under various cultivating conditions. Simultaneously, combined assessment of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape quality index was conducted in different chateaus. The results showed that: (1) the content of soluble solids (SS) in different chateaus was 18-22°Brix, and that in Guobin and Longhu were higher than that in other chateaus; however, the SS in Annuo chateau was the lowest, this might be correlated with the fruit maturity; (2) titratable acid (TA) content was 0.5%-1.25%, and among these chateaus, Annuo, Changcheng Ahaiwei had significantly higher TA content than Guobin and Longhu; moreover, the TA content in Guobin chateau was lower than that in other chateaus abnormally; meanwhile, Ahaiwei had the highest TA content; as for organic acid content, the TA content in Changcheng was 12.11 g/L, which was the highest; however, the TA content in Guobin chateau was the lowest, only 5.98 g/L, and was significantly lower than that in other chateaus; the MA content in Longhu chateau (1.61 g/L) was the highest, significantly higher than that of Guobin (0.95 g/L); CA content in Changcheng chateau was the highest (2.10 g/L), and that in Longhu chateau (1.35 g/L) was the lowest; these three organic acids had the similar change trend as the titratable acid content; taken together, titratable acid and organic acid in Guobin chateau were remarkably lower than those in other chateaus, and this might negatively affect the grape wine production; (3) the berry weight and fruit hardness in Annuo, Changcheng were significantly higher than those in Guobin and Longhu; (4) the total anthocyanin content in Changcheng and Annuo were reactively high, reaching 1957.89 and 1845.89 μg/g, respectively, and both of them were significantly higher than that in Longhu chateau; (5) the total polyphenols content in Guobin and Ahaiwei were significantly higher than that in other three chateaus; while, that in Longhu was the lowest; (6) the tannin content in Annuo and Changcheng were the highest, but there was no significant difference among the five chateaus. Overall, different chateaus have their unique prominent characteristics respectively, but Annuo and Changcheng might be more suitable for the high quality wine making, considering anthocyanins, tannins, and total polyphenols, especially the titratable and organic acid content.

  Characteristic Landscape Entrance Design of Yinan Prague Vanilla Manor Meibin Hao 2020, 10 (3):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010016 Abstract + ( 281 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2534KB )   ( 222 ) Landscape entrance is a show window which can reflect the features of the park and form a unique style in addition to its basic service functions. Distinctive landscape entrance can not only attract people, but also enhance the image of the park. The paper focuses on the characteristic landscape entrance design of Yinan Prague Vanilla Manor, analyzes local architectural features of Yinan, the site characteristics of the manor, the theme culture of the park and the functional requirement. Through the flexible use of stone, flowers, water, wood and other factors, the design refines the landscape theme for building an entrance that is in line with the local environment and the characteristics of the park, with perfect functions and distinctive features.

  Status Analysis on Patents of China’s Eucalypt Industry Qunying Zhou 2020, 10 (3):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020013 Abstract + ( 415 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1368KB )   ( 388 ) To understand the patent status in China’s eucalypt industry, patent applications in China’s eucalypt industry were obtained from the patent retrieval and analysis platform of China’s State Intellectual Property Office, and the numbers, types, applicants, regional distribution and technology fields of patents were analyzed. The results showed that: the patent applications relating to China’s eucalypt industry began in 1986 and developed slowly till 2007; since 2008, the annual numbers of applications increased markedly, and reached a peak of 139 patents in 2016; the invention patents accounted for the majority (88.65%), enterprises were the main applicants for patents (40.95%); Guangxi had the largest number of patent applications, accounting for 45.53%; the organizations that had the largest number of valid patents were Yunnan Guorun Flavor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Guangxi Dongmen State-owned Forest Farm, each had 9 patents; the technology fields for valid patents focused on agriculture, forestry, wood processing, fertilizer and so on. At present, China’s eucalypt industry patents are still in the stage of technological development with most patents belonging to the first generation of goods, and the research and development efforts should be enhanced.

  Meteorological Popular Science in Hainan Rural Areas: Status Analysis and Development Suggestions Tianwei Wang, Xiaohong Fu, Yan Chen 2020, 10 (3):  83-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600091 Abstract + ( 349 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1508KB )   ( 193 ) The paper aims to understand current situation of meteorological popular science propaganda in Hainan rural areas, and put forward development suggestions. We analyzed from the concern degree of weather forecast, the cognition degree of weather and meteorological factors, the cognitive degree of access to meteorological information, and the demand degree of meteorological popular science knowledge by means of questionnaire survey. The results showed that: the popularization rate of meteorological science knowledge in Hainan rural areas was only 59.58%, indicating that the popularity of meteorological science knowledge in Hainan rural areas was insufficient, and there were some problems, such as lacking of awareness of weather and meteorological factors closely related to life and production, and low understanding of channels to obtain meteorological information, and low demand for popularization of meteorological science knowledge and publicity methods. Therefore, in view of the present status, the local meteorological departments should further broaden the publicity channels of meteorological popular science, at the same time, form a “tripartite drive” and “three-dimensional intelligence” propaganda model, so as to exert influence on popularization of meteorological science in rural areas and make contributions to agricultural production and disaster prevention and mitigation.

  Growth Meteorological Condition Analysis and Climate Quality Certification of Qinglong Chestnut in Hebei Changwen Yu, Qihui Xu, Guidong Ma, Mei Yang 2020, 10 (3):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100267 Abstract + ( 368 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1603KB )   ( 258 ) To quantitatively assess the meteorological conditions for Qinglong chestnut growth, and obtain scientific and reliable fruit certification results, based on the measured data of meteorological station in Qinglong from 1971 to 2018, the temporal variations of climate factors including temperature, sunlight and water were analyzed, and a comprehensive meteorological evaluation index C (0C≤1) was established by DTOPSIS method. Taking 2008 to 2018 as examples, the chestnut climate quality was certified and compared with the C value. The results showed that from 1971 to 2018, the variation of temperature had a significantly increasing trend, precipitation and sunshine hours were decreased, January was the coldest with the least precipitation, July was the hottest with the most precipitation; 45.8% of the years had C≥0.5, the larger the C value, the more suitable the meteorological conditions for chestnut. There was a positive correlation between the quality grade of chestnut and the C value, which had a good indication for the evaluation and prediction of chestnut fruit in the future.