Current issue

• 2018 Vol.8 No.1 Published:20 January 2018

  Turning a New Page in Agricultural Science and Technology in Face of Needs in Rural Vitalization Zhang Taolin 2018, 8 (1):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-001 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 218 ) The author gives a brief review over past development of agricultural science and technology (AS&T) in China, a systematic summary of its historical achievements and reform process, and a comparative analysis of its future momentum and policy direction internationally. Then in light of broader domestic and international situation, the author proposes objectives, tasks, and measures for AS&T to move forward in China in the new era, taking into consideration the weak and vulnerable points to be conquered in its development, and imperative needs in pursuit of rural vitalization and agricultural modernization.

  Crop Germplasm Resources: Advances and Trends Liu Xu, Li Lihui, Li Yu, Fang Wei 2018, 8 (1):  10-15.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-010 Abstract + ( 455 )   HTML ( 37 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 1088 ) Through the development over the last 100 years, researches on crop germplasm resources have made a great progress globally. With the change of international social and political environments and the advance of science and technology, a series of new trends and features has emerged currently in the field of germplasm research, including more globalized germplasm collecting, diversified germplasm preservation and conservation, precise germplasm identification and evaluation, large-scale gene discovery, objective-guided germplasm enhancement, and active germplasm sharing etc. Great advances and breakthroughs in crop germplasm research have also been made in China since the 1950s. Species diversity of crop germplasm resources in China has been elucidated, and the system of technical specifications for germplasm classification, cataloguing and description has been established. A multi-dimensional germplasm conservation system coupling with the function of germplasm sharing has been set up, involving National Crop Germplasm Bank, National Crop Germplasm Duplicate Bank, national mid-term germplasm banks, national field germplasm banks, in-situ conservation sites, provincial germplasm banks etc. Precise germplasm identification and evaluation including phenotyping and genotyping for some important crops has been implemented in recent years, and gene discovery has also made a significant progress. Efficient germplasm enhancement has played an important role in crop breeding. In 2015, “Medium and Long-term Plan for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in China (2015-2030)” was issued, in which five actions in crop germplasm research was proposed, and it provides a strategic support to the development of the discipline of germplasm resources in the future.

  Development and Prospects of Plant Physiology Chen Xiaoya, He Zuhua, Fan Pei, Leng Bing 2018, 8 (1):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-016 Abstract + ( 340 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1179KB )   ( 199 ) Plant physiology is one of main disciplines of agronomy, and is closely related to crop production. This report mainly reviews the important events during the development of plant physiology and its establishment as an independent discipline, as well as important frontiers who played roles in development of plant physiology world widely and domestically. In particular, researches on main plant physiological processes including photosynthesis, water, nutrition, stress, phytohormones are emphasized. With advantages of plant molecular biology in the past two decades, plant physiology has largely developed with different branch disciplines such as genomics, transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome. Therefore, it is now possible to dissect complicated biological processes. We also discuss perspectives of plant physiology.

  Development Progress and Future Perspectives of Vegetable Breeding Sciences and Technologies in China Fang Zhiyuan 2018, 8 (1):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-021 Abstract + ( 411 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1456KB )   ( 366 ) Vegetables are indispensable non-stable food for people, and vegetable industry plays an essential role in national economy. Since 1950s, especially after the reform and opening up, vegetable industry in China has developed fast, with both output value and export volume ranking the first of all crops. Vegetable industry has now become the pillar for increasing the farmer’s income and developing of the rural area, which relies greatly on the rapid development and strong support of vegetable breeding sciences and technologies. Currently, China vegetable industry is faced with the crucial period of transformation and upgrading, while sparing no efforts on boosting vegetable breeding research, encouraging science and technology innovation and promoting the development of the seed industry is the inevitable course. This paper reviews the development history of vegetable breeding sciences and technologies in China, and summarizes the progress made since 1950s, including the growing research team and their significant scientific achievements, as well as the booming seed industry. This paper also looks forward to the prospects of vegetable breeding sciences and technologies in China, and based on the existing problems and market demands, the future work emphasis is discussed, including building a new system for vegetable breeding sciences and technologies, strengthening both the fundamental and applied research, attaching importance to germplasm innovation, regulating seed market behavior, and protecting the intellectual property right for the breeders.

  Fisheries Science Knowledge System and Characteristic China Approach for Fisheries Development Tang Qisheng 2018, 8 (1):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-028 Abstract + ( 258 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 322 ) Fisheries should be defined as an industry for the development of living aquatic resources and its interrelated economic and scientific activities. The fisheries science knowledge system (FSKS) started to evolve during the modern developmental stage of fisheries. After over 100 years’ development, FSKS embraces not only the sciences of fisheries biology, capture fisheries and aquaculture, but also takes in sciences they drove, such as aquatic product processing and quality safety, fisheries instrumentation and engineering, fisheries economy and management, etc. A number of key science fields supporting fisheries development have been evolved in China, covering basic research, fisheries education and talent cultivation, and promoting industrial technology progress. For over sixty years’ probing, wandering, adjustment and innovation, China fisheries have laid a road of development with significant China characteristics and aquaculture-priority. Looking into the future, China fisheries must abide by the concept of green development, insist on the synergy of fisheries development and eco-environmental conservation, vigorously promoting the construction of fisheries eco-civilization, constructing environmentally friendly aquaculture and resource conservation-based capture fisheries, promoting the new industry style of enhancement fisheries and recreational fisheries, so as to ensure the sustainable healthy development of China characteristic fisheries and make new contributions to China and to the world.

  Review on the Centennial Development of Pomology in China Deng Xiuxin, Shu Huairui, Hao Yujin, Xu Qiang, Han Mingyu, Zhang Shaoling, Duan Changqing, Jiang Quan, Yi Ganjun, Chen Houbin 2018, 8 (1):  33-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-033 Abstract + ( 457 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1510KB )   ( 1107 ) China fruit industry has undergone enormous changes in the past one hundred years. This paper summarized fruit industry’s current situation, centennial development history and major achievements. The research progress in genetic breeding, cultivation technology, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, storage and processing, mechanized production of seven fruit tree species including apple, citrus, pear, grape, banana and litchi/longan has been also reviewed.

  Development Direction of Crop Pest Control Science and Technology in China Wu Kongming 2018, 8 (1):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-044 Abstract + ( 624 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1148KB )   ( 924 ) China is one of the most serious countries damaged by crop pests in the world and more than 1700 species occur annually. In recent years, due to the global climate change and economic integration, crop structure adjustment and other factors, China’s crop diseases and insect pests tend to be serious. Chemical pesticides are the most important means to control crop diseases and insect pests in China. A large number of pesticides are used to control crop pests, but also bring a series of problems, such as pesticide residues, environmental pollution, pest resistance and resurgence. Therefore, it is the core task of Chinese plant protection scientists to develop green prevention and control technology and reduce the amount of chemical pesticides. Its key development directions include: effects of crop structure adjustment, global economic integration and climate change on population succession of major diseases and insect pests; new theories, methods and products of plant protection based on modern biotechnology, information technology, new materials and advanced manufacturing; key technologies and products of green prevention and control; precise application, residue detection and traceability technology for chemical pesticides; intelligent plant protection equipment; and the green sustainable control model of regional diseases and insect pests.

  Advances and Prospects of Plant Nutrition Yuan Lixing, Shen Jianbo, Cui Zhenling, Zhang Fusuo 2018, 8 (1):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-048 Abstract + ( 417 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1182KB )   ( 243 ) Plant Nutrition is to investigate the uptake, translocation and utilization of nutrients in plants and the exchange of resources and energy between plants and environments. It is one of important disciplines to support developments of the high-yielding, high-efficient, environment-friendly, and sustainable agriculture. In the last two decades, following the concept with “interdisciplinary and cutting-edge study, strengthen basic research and priority in applied research”, plant nutrition research in China have achieved significant progresses in the topics on plant nutritional biology, plant-soil-microbe interaction, nutrient management, nutrient recycling and pollution control, etc. In the future, our scientific community of plant nutrition will meet the challenges together on food security, food quality and safe demands, and resources save and environment protection, and contribute much to the national needs for rural revitalization and green development in China.

  Development, Status and Prospect of Soil Science Shen Renfang 2018, 8 (1):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-053 Abstract + ( 344 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1187KB )   ( 665 ) Soil science plays an important role in national agricultural sustainable development and ecological environment construction. With the rapid development of the modern science and technology and the social economy, soil science is undergoing the shift from traditional to modern. This paper briefly reviewed the development history of the international and china's soil science, analyzed research status of soil science, and pointed out the research characteristics and achievements of soil science in China. At the same time, we analyzed the problems and challenges in the field of soil science in the future, and prospected future development trend, enlightening the direction of development for the soil science.

  Developments of the Crop Cultivation and Farming System in China Chen Fu, Zhao Ming 2018, 8 (1):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-059 Abstract + ( 339 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 319 ) The crop cultivation and farming system discipline in China has achieved remarkable achievements in many aspects, such as theoretical construction, technical innovation and the establishment of technical systems, during the recent 60 years. In order to meet with the requirements of obtaining high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, ecological and safety production, the discipline has made breakthroughs in the theory of crop development regulation and related technological approaches, which has also got continuous innovations and developments in multiple cropping, crop composition and distribution, and the optimization of planting pattern. Moreover, it efficiently supported the improvement of the productivity of our country’s cereal products, cotton products and oil products through the application of technical integrations. In the face of the national strategic demands in agricultural transformation and development on the current and future situations, how to pay equal attention to the high efficient utilization of resources, environmental safety and high-yield and efficient crop production, and the constructions of the crop production systems with the cultivated land utilization and recovery, ecological efficiency, and the continuous improvements of productivity and competitiveness, are the major objectives and missions of the innovative developments of the crop cultivation and farming system discipline.

  The Centennial Development History and Research Frontiers of Animal Genetics and Breeding Yang Ning, Jiang Li 2018, 8 (1):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-064 Abstract + ( 464 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 617 ) After the domestication of wild species, natural selection and artificial selection over the past ten thousand years, the existing domestic animal species had been gradually formed. With the discovery and gradual improvement of genetic theory, conventional breeding techniques developed from the phenotypic selection to breeding value estimation using BLUP method, and have made great contribution to the genetic improvement of livestock and poultry in the past fifty years. In the1980s, the discovery of various molecular genetic markers and the rapid development of modern biotechnology provide new approaches and methods for the study and improvement of animal genetics and breeding. So far, the integration of DNA, RNA, protein and other omics information not only brings new opportunities for functional gene identification and molecular genetic mechanisms analysis of animal important economic traits, but also makes animal breeding enter the era of molecular breeding from the traditional breeding era. Great progress has been achieved in molecular quantitative genetics, functional genomics and molecular breeding technology in recent years.

  The Progress and Prtospect of Agrometeorology Mei Xurong 2018, 8 (1):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-070 Abstract + ( 364 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1364KB )   ( 434 ) Agrometeorology is a basic science of agronomy that focuses on the interactions and rules between meteorological condition and agriculture production. It is also an interdisciplinary subject relates to atmospheric, geological, biological, ecological, engineering, resource and environmental science, et al. In retrospect of the development history and route in the world and China, agrometeorology has been developed constantly by insisting on demand and issue guide to explore the scientific solutions for agricultural growth and science itself; insisting on tracing the international scientific frontier to perfect the relevant theories and methodologies so as to achieve a qualitative leap from interpretation science to experiment science; insisting on absorbing and merging the latest scientific findings and technical invention to derive emerging interdisciplinary branches and filed. The major science and technology findings in relate to agrometeorology, such as agro-climatic zonation in China, agro-climatic resource exploitation, agrometeorological forecast and yield estimation by remote sensing, climate change impact on agriculture, greenhouse gas emissions and its countries list, key technology and its regional governance of dryland agriculture, agrometeorological disaster prevention technology, urban facilities horticulture and so on, had played a fundamental and crucial role in ensuring national food security and supporting the development of modern agriculture. Looking forward to the future, agrometeorology will play a crucial role and function in the fields of agro-climatic resource and agricultural layout optimization, bio-meteorology and agricultural green growth, agrometeorological disaster mitigation and risk management, microclimate and plant factory, agrometeorological information and smart agriculture.

  Development and Future of Modern Grass Science in China Wang Kun 2018, 8 (1):  76-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-076 Abstract + ( 539 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF ( 1313KB )   ( 279 ) Modern grass industry is an important part of agriculture and a branch of agriculture science. In the past more than one century, grass industry has grown from small to big and from weak to strong and developed into a very dynamic sunrise industry with the development of China agriculture science. The discipline of grass science also develops accordingly, the discipline connotation is continuously expanding, and the discipline structure is becoming perfected. Grass science has become one of the most active fields in agriculture science. This article analyzed and summarized the historical evolution of modern grass industry, the formation and development of the system of grass science discipline, the present situation and achievements of grass science and technology, and the future of the Chinese grass science, which could provide the theoretical reference for the study of modern grass science in china.

  Progress in Breeding of Super Hybrid Rice Yuan Longping 2018, 8 (1):  80-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-080 Abstract + ( 431 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 3151KB )   ( 299 ) In order to meet food requirement for all Chinese people in the 21st century, a super rice breeding program was set up by Chinese Ministry ofAgriculture in 1996, in which the yield targets are: Phase I (1996-2000) 10.5 t/hm 2, Phase II (2001-2005) 12 t/hm 2, Phase III (2006-2015) 13.5 t/hm 2, Phase Ⅳ (2016-2020) 15 t/hm 2. With morphological improvement plus the use of inter-subspecific (indica/japonica) heterosis, several pioneer super hybrids were developed by 2000, which met the phaseⅠyield standard and were released for commercial production since 2001. In recent years the area under these pioneer super hybrids is around 1 million hm 2 and the average yield is about 8.3 t/hm 2. The breeding of phaseⅡ, super hybrids succeeded in 2004, one year ahead of schedule, and super hybrids were popularized since 2006. The planting area of these hybrids was near 1 million hm 2 in 2014 and the average yield was around 9 t/hm 2. The super hybrid variety, Y-U-2, yielded 13.9 t/hm 2 on average at a 7.2 hm 2 demonstrative location in 2011. It means the goal of phase Ⅲ super rice breeding program is attained. The breeding of PhaseⅣ super hybrid was achieved in 2014. A new super hybrid Y-U-900 yielded 15.4 t/hm 2 at a 6.8 hm 2 demonstrative location in Xupu County, Hunan Province. Based on the above progress, the phase Ⅴ of super hybrid rice breeding program has been proposed, its yield target suggested is 16 t/hm 2.

  From the Past Centennial Progress to More Brilliant Achievements in the Future:The History and Prospects of Maize Industrialization in China Dai Jingrui, E Lizhu 2018, 8 (1):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-083 Abstract + ( 270 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 434 ) This paper summarized the development history of maize improvement in China since the beginning of last century,highlighting the significant achievements in the innovation and utilization of germplasms, the breeding and utilization of elite hybrids, and the research and development of modern breeding technology. The paper also analyzed and discussed the main problems and defects in maize yield and product quality, breeding techniques, and enterprise competitiveness of China’s maize industry, with some proposals for the acceleration of technological innovation and promotion of the commercialisation of GM maize in our country in order to further elevate the level of maize breeding and industrial competitiveness.

  Innovation and Development of China Tea Industry in New Era Chen Zongmao 2018, 8 (1):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-089 Abstract + ( 353 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 654 ) The sustainable development of China tea industry in the past 68 years after the establishment of New China was reviewed in this paper. The development of China tea industry was concluded to three characteristics by the author, there are the substantial increase in the tea production induced by the rapid development of the tea acreage, developmental difference between the geographical location and the extension from primary industry to the secondary industry and tertiary industry of tea. The developmental idea of innovation and quality safety in the development of tea industry in new era was highlighted by the author. The following six problems including the control of development scale in tea industry, the mechanization and the extension of improved variety in tea cultivation, cleaning and serialization of production management, the diversified products, intension and functionalization of products and the promotion of tea consumption via the health idea were discussed in this paper.

  The Development of Cotton Production in the Recent Hundred Years of China Yu Shuxun 2018, 8 (1):  93-99.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-093 Abstract + ( 443 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1256KB )   ( 889 ) Cotton production occupies a very important position in the entire national economy as the source of people’s clothing and an important material related to the people's livelihood. China has two thousand years of cotton planting history, in more the two thousand years of cotton planting, the Chinese cotton production has gone from small to large, from weak to strong development process, during which filled with twists and turns, failures and experience. This paper focuses on the history of cotton industry development since the Republic of China, summarizes the breakthroughs, important achievements, important contributions and important figures of china in this discipline and industry.

  The Development of Rice Science, Technology and Industry in China Fang Fuping, Cheng Shihua 2018, 8 (1):  100-106.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-100 Abstract + ( 317 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1421KB )   ( 547 ) This study reviewed the outstanding progresses and representative achievements in rice science and technology development during the past century in China, especially in the research fields of rice breeding, cultivation and modern biotechnology. On this basis, we analyzed the situations and tasks of rice industry development in China, and forecasted the future prospects and trend. In conclusion, with the continuous improvement of national macro-control ability, the rice industry in China will achieve the stable development in production, marketing, consumption and trade, the continuous improvement in technical supporting ability and a more significant change in ecological and sustainable development.

  Wheat Production and Technology Improvement in China He Zhonghu, Zhuang Qiaosheng, Cheng Shunhe, Yu Zhenwen, Zhao Zhendong, Liu Xu 2018, 8 (1):  107-114.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-107 Abstract + ( 761 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF ( 1387KB )   ( 1201 ) The objective of this paper is to review the progress of wheat production, breeding, and crop management in China from establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to present. Wheat production can be divided into four periods, recovery period from 1949 to 1957, stable increase from 1958 to 1978, rapid increase from 1979 to 1999, and synchronized improvement of yield and quality from 2000 to present. A brief summary was made in breeding activities before 1949. Significant progress was achieved in varietal development, and three periods were recognized, i.e., improving disease resistance, reducing plant height and increasing yield potential, and improvement of yield, processing quality, and resource use efficiency. Utilization of dwarfing genes such as Rht1, Rht 2, Rht 8, and Rht 24, as well as 1B/1R translocation has made significant contributions to wheat improvement. Milestone varieties such as Bima 1, Taishan 4, Yangmai 158, Yumai 21, and Jinmai 22 have promoted 8-9 times varietal replacements. Progress in yield improvement in the Yellow and Huai Valley and improvement for scab resistance in the Yangtze Region are internationally recognized. Other aspects include genetic resource collection, wide cross, utilization of Ms 2 gene, quality improvement, adult plant resistance based on minor genes, and genomics. Four stages in improving crop management are observed, i.e., management of planting density in 1950s, characterization of wheat developmental stages and application in increasing yield performance in various regions in 1960s and 1970s, establishment of crop cultivation models in various regions in 1980s, and improvement of processing quality and application of information technology in 1990s. Major challenges for wheat production in China in the future include improving quality, reducing production costs, and protecting environment, while the major constrains are climate changes, increased occurrence of diseases, and needs of better varieties. Research priorities in the future include development of milestone varieties through application of new technologies, integration of crop management with plant protection, soil science, and machinery application.

  Review and Future Prospects of Oil Crops Industry Development in China Liao Boshou, Yin Yan, Ma Ni 2018, 8 (1):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-115 Abstract + ( 240 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 659 ) The development of Chinese oil crops industry during past decades was reviewed in this paper. The production of major oilseed, import and export trade of concerned products and increase of domestic consumption were analyzed. The science and technology innovation in the fields of oil crops genetic enhancement, high yield cultivation, plant protection, mechanization, product processing and quality management during the past fifty years and their roles in promoting the industry were assessed. Further goals, priorities and policy strategies for oil crops industry development were discussed and proposed.

  The New Mission of Tropical Agricultural Science and Technology in the New Era Wang Qinghuang 2018, 8 (1):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-121 Abstract + ( 286 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 367 ) This paper reviews the development of tropical agriculture in China, analyzes the current development of the tropical crops, expounds the effect of technological advances in promoting the development of tropical agriculture, pointed out the new requirements of the tropical agricultural science and technology in the new period, and finally defined the key tasks of tropical agricultural science and technology innovation in the new period.

  Research Progress on Ganoderma triterpenes Obtained by Liquid Submerged Fermentation Zhai Shuangxing, Feng Jie, Feng Na, Tang Qingjiu, Zhou Shuai, Yang Yan, Liu Yanfang, Zhang Jingsong 2018, 8 (1):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-126 Abstract + ( 298 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1647KB )   ( 266 ) Triterpenes are one of the main active chemical components in Ganoderma, and it has become the hotspot in current research due to multiple physiological activities. In order to provide a reference for the liquid submerged fermentation regulation of Ganoderma triterpenes and large-scale production, we focus on the recent latest research of Ganoderma triterpenes produced by fermentation engineering. In addition, the progress of the detection method of triterpenes, fermentation technology, fermentation kinetics, and the triterpenes biosynthesis pathway was reviewed. On this basis, the problems in research were as follows: we had not screened Ganoderma triterpenes strains systematically suitable for the fermentation production, we lacked the study of triterpenes chemical constitution and pharmacological activity, there was only less study on the Ganoderma triterpenes large-scale production by fermentation, and we lacked the production engineering of Ganoderma triterpenes optimized by activity tracking. At last, the progress was forecasted.

  Historical Review and Future Prospect of China’s Food Industry Development Dai Xiaofeng, Zhang Dequan, Wu Tong, Zhang Hong, Meng Zhe, Tian Shuai, Zhang Xinxin, Yang Xiaohui 2018, 8 (1):  133-142.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-133 Abstract + ( 485 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1644KB )   ( 780 ) According to the development velocity, the ratio of food industry output value and the output value of agriculture, and per capita GDP index, this article divides the development of China’s food industry into four stages for the first time, which are slowly growth stage, awakening development stage, rapid growth stage, and medium-rapid growth stage. Moreover, article systematically analyzes the development characteristics and achievements of each stage. According to China’s food industry development history, present situation and the developing trend, article gives out the judgment of the transition of food industry from the high-speed growth stage to medium-speed growth stage, also gives the prospects for the food industry development based on development goals, supply and consumption, scientific and technological innovation, new enterprise formats, and industrial structure. Furthermore, suggestions are given for future development of China’s food industry from different aspects of developing mode, developing directions, and developing pathways.

  The Development of Grape Industry and Technology in China Tian Shufen 2018, 8 (1):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-143 Abstract + ( 296 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1144KB )   ( 468 ) The paper focuses on the status quo and characteristics of China’s grape industry in recent years, summarizes the breakthrough innovations and important results achieved in the development of China’s grape industry, analyzes the existing problems in the development of grape industry, and puts forward the prospect of grape industry.

  Review on the Development of Special Economic Animal Breeding Industry in China Li Guangyu, Bao Kun, Zhang Xu, Si Fangfang, Yan Shi 2018, 8 (1):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-148 Abstract + ( 298 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 682 ) The author described the development status of special economic animal breeding industry for recent years. Mainly special economic animal breeding in our country, for example animal fur (fox, raccoon dog, mink), deer (cervus nippon, wapiti), rare birds in areas such as industrial development, scientific research and innovation breakthrough, achieved significant results, international influence and future development the trend was summarized. The author pointed out that the field of special economic animal breeding in China has been in the field of scientific research achievements, the influence in the world, and the gap between other countries and China’s special economic animal breeding industry in the future research. The author pointed out the direction for China’s special economic animal breeding industry sustainable development.

  Review and Perspectives of China’s Ecological Agriculture Li Wenhua 2018, 8 (1):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-153 Abstract + ( 296 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1176KB )   ( 387 ) Agriculture is the basis of national economy. With advancements in science and technology as well as an intensive utilization of land, great achievements have been made in agriculture. Meanwhile, some agro-ecological and environmental problems are arising from the processes. Being faced with the situations, people have begun to reflect on policies, patterns and technologies associated with agricultural development, and put forward new concepts on agricultural development in succession. There is growing awareness that development of agriculture can not only increase the amount of food and agricultural products to meet people’s increasing demand, but also improve product quality, insurance of food safety, exertion of ecosystem functions, and maintenance and restoration of the ecological environment. In the late 20 th century, China's ecologists and agronomists proposed a concept of ecological agriculture with Chinese characteristics, i.e., the ecological agriculture is derived from systematic thoughts in terms of the principles of ecology, economics, and ecological economics, with application of modern scientific and technological achievements and modern management tools, as well as effective experience in traditional agriculture. It is the modern agricultural development mode which results in a higher economic profit, ecological and social benefits. Its essence contains a series of concepts, such as integration, coordination, circulation and regeneration. After nearly 30 years of practice and development, ecological agriculture in China has achieved substantial progress, i.e., 1) established a theoretical system and summarized successful experience; 2) carried out eco-agricultural demonstration at the county-level pilots and achieved significant effects; 3) China’s eco-agriculture has been widely recognized and praised by the international community and become one of the first selected units on the agricultural cultural heritage. However, current eco-agricultural development is not perfect due to the following factors: 1) it still falls short of further research and accounting on a variety of agro-ecosystem service functions; 2) it is difficult to gain great economic benefits because of the lack of market-oriented guidance, scale management, specialized production and brand popularization for traditional self-sufficient rural economy. Development of society currently presents a new situation giving rise to a series of new problems. Progress in science broads our views and provides new means for resolving such issues. In order to further promote the development of ecological agriculture, serious reflections on ecological agriculture would result in new understanding of circular agriculture, multifunctional agriculture, high-quality agriculture and cultural agriculture in China.

  Road of Development From Zero Base to a Large Agricultural Machinery Country:A Review of China Agricultural Machinery Industry in a Century Chen Zhi, Luo Xiwen, Wang Fengde, Xiao Junhua 2018, 8 (1):  158-162.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-158 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 313 ) Agricultural machinery industry is an important part of the machinery industry, and also is the material basis for the development of modern agriculture. This paper reviews a century of development history of China’s agricultural machinery industry from scratch, from weak to strong, focusing on the achievements made by China’s agricultural machinery industry in various stages of development such as system construction, system transformation, market orientation and promotion according to law since the founding of New China. The existing problems and the important role played by agricultural machinery industry in promoting the process of agricultural mechanization in China are discussed. Finally, the paper forecasts the future direction and prospects of China’s agricultural machinery industry.

  Current Status and Future Research Trend on Water-saving High-efficiency and Eco-friendly Agriculture Lu Hongna, Kang Shaozhong, Du Taisheng, Tong Ling, Ding Risheng, Li Si’en 2018, 8 (1):  163-170.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-163 Abstract + ( 447 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1479KB )   ( 653 ) High-efficient and green water-saving in agriculture is an important measure to ensure food security, effective supply of agricultural products and sustainable agricultural development in our country. In the paper, we analyzed the current issues with the modern agricultural development in China and worldwide research trends in high-efficient water saving in agriculture. We also presented the bottlenecks and problems that need to be taken into consideration in developing high-efficient water-saving agriculture in China. “Four transformations” were proposed: from water-saving irrigation techniques alone to integrated irrigation techniques with agronomy measures, from high-efficient water saving alone to integrated water-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide-saving, from less water- high yield to less water-better quality- high efficiency; from promoting water-saving acreage alone to valuing quality and benefits of a project. We also proposed “four improvements”, i.e. improving water-saving technology promotion and service systems, improving experimental and monitoring networks on water-saving in agriculture, improving compensation mechanisms on water-saving in agriculture, and improving market entry mechanisms of water-saving products. More research on high-efficiency and water-saving agriculture under climate change was suggested. In the paper, we also put forward key science questions on future studies of water-saving and high-efficient agriculture in our country, including crop’s water demand and its responses to climate change, multiple-processes integrative regulation on crop’s precise and high-efficient water consumption, and feedback mechanisms of crop production- water resources- ecosystem nexus.

  Modern Ecological Breeding Mode and Resource Utilization of Livestock Wastes Wu Xin, Wan Dan, Yin Yulong 2018, 8 (1):  171-174.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-171 Abstract + ( 268 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1148KB )   ( 224 ) Livestock farming is an essential activity in many rural areas, where it contributes to the maintenance of soil fertility, ecological environment, promoting crop yield and farmland biodiversity, as well as to a set of social public goods including food security, rural vitality and culture. Therefore, livestock industry is the pivotal link between the human food chain and the ecological environment. Rational and appropriate livestock breeding is beneficial to maintain ecological balance and realize sustainable development of agriculture. At present, China remains the technology-lagged country with a high-cost-low-efficiency livestock industry, and only a small proportion of livestock products intensive processed. Meanwhile, due to the development of intensive and large-scale farming, it produced a large quantity of livestock waste, with a low rate of comprehensive utilization and a high cost for innocent treatments. The scientific and reasonable treatment of livestock waste has become an urgent task for rural environmental management. The authors reviewed the development of poultry breeding industry, summarized the achievements made in the field of livestock industry in China, analyzed the problem of livestock waste processing of the current livestock industry that facing, proposed the urgent mission for livestock wastes resource utilization, and the development of modern ecological culture is the inevitable choice to solve the new problems appearing in the process of the transformation and upgrading of Chinese animal husbandry in this regard. The development prospects and trends of livestock wastes resource utilization were also included in this review.

  Progress and Prospect of Agricultural Remote Sensing Research Tang Huajun 2018, 8 (1):  175-179.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-175 Abstract + ( 680 )   HTML ( 38 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 1190 ) Agricultural remote sensing is an important branch of remote sensing science. This paper reviews the development course of agricultural remote sensing research and puts forward that both the application breadth and depth of remote sensing technique in the field of agriculture are continuously expanding. Agricultural remote sensing is going deep from monitoring single factor of production, area and yield etc. into acquiring more agricultural elements, and is expanding from traditional resources, environment fields to plant protection and other agricultural directions. Agricultural remote sensing is gradually becoming the key technology of agricultural science. This paper summarizes some important achievements of agricultural remote sensing research in China in recent years in the fields of agricultural condition remote sensing, agricultural disaster remote sensing and agricultural resources and environment remote sensing etc. The author presents some international frontier studies in agricultural remote sensing, including agricultural quantitative remote sensing, UAV remote sensing and crop phenotype remote sensing and so on. At last, the author forecasts some development prospects of domestic agricultural remote sensing technology, such as agricultural big data acquisition using the integrated space-terrestrial information network, information intelligent extraction and mining using artificial intelligence and big data and so on in “13th Five-Year Plan” and the next 10 years based on the development of sensor, networking, internet+, big data, artificial intelligence and demand of modern agricultural development.

  The Retrospect and Prospect of Agricultural Information Technology in China Zhao Chunjiang, Yang Xinting, Li Bing, Li Ming, Yan Hua 2018, 8 (1):  180-186.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-180 Abstract + ( 359 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 1436KB )   ( 887 ) Agricultural information technology has played an important role in guiding and supporting the development of modern agriculture. This paper interprets the connotation of agricultural information technology, reviews the four major stage of agricultural information technology at home and abroad, analyzes the problems and the situation faced in the development of agricultural information technology in China, and puts forward the key points and suggestions for the future development of agricultural information technology. The purpose is to provide reference agricultural information technology in China.

  “Animal Welfare” of Livestock Husbandry in China Bao Jun 2018, 8 (1):  187-193.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-187 Abstract + ( 452 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1372KB )   ( 400 ) Animal welfare in livestock husbandry influenced quality and safety of animal-derived food and then did people’s health. The development of animal welfare in China was lagging behind that in western developed countries in many aspects such as people’s attitude toward animal welfare, legislation, scientific research, education and production practices, which were related to the development level of livestock husbandry and also to national conditions related at present in China. In recent years, with consumers’ attention to quality and safety of livestock products, the government, academia and enterprises have begun to value animal welfare in livestock breeding. The healthy breeding guided by the concept of animal welfare would develop rapidly and the sound welfare labeling mechanism and legal norms would be established to guide people to pay close attention to animal welfare.

  The History of China’s Food Security in the Past Hundred Years Cheng Shengkui, Xu Zengrang, Xie Gaodi, Zhen Lin, Wang Ling’en, Guo Jinhua, Hou Peng, He Zhonghu 2018, 8 (1):  194-200.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-194 Abstract + ( 980 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 2578 ) Based on the relationship between food and the development of China’s social and economy, this paper has traced back to the history and its social and economic background of China’s food security since year 1911. This paper puts forward to 4 dimensions of food security analysis: farmers’ livelihood, land tenure, agricultural science and technology, and food policy. There are five elements to maintain national food security: agriculture, manufacture and commerce should be developed harmoniously, control population, improve the land possession and use system, develop the agricultural science and technology, and maintain national stability. Finally, a generalized food security concept and measures, including quantity security, structural safety, ecological security and quality safety are put forward.

  Status and Development Perspectives of Organic Agriculture in China Wu Wenliang, Qiao Yuhui 2018, 8 (1):  201-204.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-201 Abstract + ( 310 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1153KB )   ( 251 ) With the development of global economy and the requirement of environmental protection, organic agriculture has been under development for more than 20 years in China. After the implement of Chinese organic regulation from 2005, the organic agriculture developed fast in recent years. This chapter introduces the background and developmental stages of organic agriculture, the status quo of organic production and marketing, developmental policies, strategies, and measures for the continued development of organic farming in China.

  Review on Research in Agricultural Monitoring and Early Warning in China Xu Shiwei 2018, 8 (1):  205-210.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-205 Abstract + ( 308 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 463 ) Agricultural monitoring and early warning is not only the frontier field and major subject of agricultural science and technology, but also a high effective management tool to cope with the complexity and risk of agriculture, and to deal with the bottleneck of agricultural development in China. Based on the change of the connotation characteristics of agricultural monitoring and early warning, this paper reviewed the main development stages of agricultural monitoring and early warning in the past decades, briefly introduced the breakthrough of the research on the theoretical basis, key technology and system development of agricultural monitoring and early warning, and summarized the major progress of monitoring and early warning in different industries, as well as its important application to emergency dispatch and information authority release in modern agricultural management in the past 10 years. According to the new development trend of agricultural development in China, the future development foreground and trend of agricultural monitoring and early warning are put forward, and we also pointed out that the perfect agricultural monitoring and early warning system with Chinese characteristics based on big data and intellectualization will be a powerful guarantee to realize agricultural modernization.

  Progress and Trend on Technique of Agro-products Quality and Safety in China Qian Yongzhong, Jin Fen, Zheng Chuangmu 2018, 8 (1):  211-214.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-211 Abstract + ( 313 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 232 ) This paper reviews the development history of agro-products quality and safety in China. The achievements of standardization system, monitoring technology, whole process supervision ability and the responsibility implementation were summarized. And the current situation of the agro-products quality and safety in China is analyzed. In view of the current problems and challenges of the agro-products quality and safety industry in China, the development trend of the science and technology of agro-product quality and safety were discussed and emulated.

  Agriculture 4.0, the Approaching Age of Intelligent Agriculture Li Daoliang 2018, 8 (1):  215-222.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-215 Abstract + ( 576 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 1641KB )   ( 996 ) Shortage of resources per capita, manpower and environment pollution are critical scientific problems restraining agricultural modernization in China. As the deeper development stage of agricultural modernization, agricultural 4.0 could solve above three problems to realize precise and intelligent agricultural production more intensively, precisely and highly collaborative. This article started with the definition of agricultural 4.0, gave a brief description of the significant meaning of developing agriculture 4.0 and the main productive approach and features from agriculture 1.0 to 4.0. By analyzing productive condition, comprehensive requirement and difficult development issues, concluded the driving force, attraction and stress of agricultural generation evolution. Then explained the agricultural generation state distribution in China by agricultural generation proportion data, predicted generation development trend, pointed out the main driving technologies were big data, cloud computing, internet of things and artificial intelligent, and discussed the dynamic evolution characteristics. And obtained the results that the development process of agricultural 4.0 should closely related to agricultural requirements and the forecasting realization time is the year of 2070. The key research area of agricultural 4.0 were field planting, facility horticulture, livestock breeding and aquaculture, and the development strategy needed to suit local agricultural characteristics, follow the development rules of market and industry and focus on the reform of supply-side structure, completed the leader progression of agricultural 2.0, subject development of agricultural 3.0, then solving the main problems and realize the completely coverage of agricultural 4.0 in China finally.

  Urban Agriculture and Leisure Agriculture Zhou Pei 2018, 8 (1):  223-228.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-223 Abstract + ( 551 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 396 ) For the special need of the development of cities and the special form of Chinese urban agriculture development, urban agriculture which Chinese scholars put forward is both regional and functional, which, on the one hand, to define the scope of urban agriculture, on the other hand, toclaim the function of urban agriculture. Leisure agriculture is the most distinctive part of distinction between urban agriculture and rural agriculture. Leisure agriculture is the most important part of new forms of urban agriculture and innovation. From regional point of view, for close to the city, urban agriculture has the congenital advantage of the services for the city. From a functional perspective, production, ecology and life function of urban agriculture is important demand of city sustained, stable and healthy development. According to the strategic value of the development of urban modern agriculture and agricultural science and technology development trend, urban agriculture development should focus on six aspects.

  Review on Conservation and Development Study of Important Agricultural Heritage System in China Min Qingwen, Zhang Bitian 2018, 8 (1):  229-236.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-229 Abstract + ( 313 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 467 ) To cope with the problem of global agricultural environment, food security and the crisis of sustainable agricultural development, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) together with other relevant national organizations and several countries initiated to protect Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) in 2002. Qingtian Rice-Fish system was designated as China’s first and the first batch of GIAHS pilot sites, in 2005. Since then, study of systematic agricultural heritage and its conservation and utilization started in China. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the relevant studies, the author reviews the main achievements in conservation and utilization of important agricultural heritage in China over the past 10 years. At the present stage, the core contents of study on agricultural heritage are mainly focus on two aspects. One is value excavation with multi-functional development. Another is dynamic conservation with adaptive management. Around the concept and connotation of agricultural heritage, there are many controversies, which, in turn promoted the understanding of this new type of heritage. The sustainable mechanism within agricultural heritage gives itself value diversity. Study about the value of agricultural heritage highlights the significance of protection. Basically, there are two ways to conserve and utilize agricultural heritage. For one hand, develop multi-functional industrials based on its multi-functional value, including the production of high-quality and characteristic local agricultural products, the development of ecotourism, and the development of cultural industries. For another hand, establish incentive mechanism based on ecological and cultural compensation. In order to carry out dynamic conservation and adaptive management, the establishment of “five in one” multi-stakeholder mechanism and legal guaranteed ordinance are indispensable. Although China has a leading position in agricultural heritage study around the world, it still needs to carry out basic researches in resources census, and characteristics of system evolution and sustainable mechanism, to do more apply researches in framework and mechanism construction, paradigm of dynamic protection. Multidisciplinary comprehensive study is important as well.