Current issue

• 2020 Vol.10 No.6 Published:20 June 2020

  Effect of Ultrasonic Seed Treatment on Grain Yield and Quality of Double-Cropping Late Rice in South China Fu Youqiang, Liu Yanzhou, Liang Kaiming, Yan Zhouchen, Zhong Xuhua, Huang Nongrong, Pan Junfeng, Hu Xiangyu, Peng Bilin 2020, 10 (6):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300050 Abstract + ( 238 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1219KB )   ( 328 ) Ultrasonic wave, through imposing mechanical wave on plant seeds, can physiologically activate plant seeds and increase the grain yield of rice. In this study, dry seeds of hybrid rice variety ‘Wufengyou 615’ and conventional variety ‘Yuenongsimiao’ were treated with ultrasonic wave with frequencies of 20 KHz and 40 KHz for 1 min, with seeds of no exposure to ultrasonic wave as control. The grain yield and quality of rice were determined to evaluate their response to ultrasonic wave. Compared with that of control, the grain yield of ‘Yuenongsimiao’ was significantly increased by 7.31%, and grain yield of ‘Wufengyou615’ was increased by 3.68% under ultrasonic treatment. The increase of spikelet per panicle was the major reason for grain yield increase under ultrasonic treatment. The gel consistency, amylose content and protein content of ‘Yuenongsimiao’ were increased by 14.4%, 4.6% and 4.3% respectively and other grain qualities were not changed significantly under ultrasonic treatment.

  Male Line’s Earlier Cutting Off: The Effects on Seed Yield and Quality of Hybrid Rice in Seed Production Sun Xiaowen, Kang Haiqi, Cheng Junbiao 2020, 10 (6):  5-8.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000213 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1029KB )   ( 192 ) In order to study the influence of male line’s earlier cutting off after flowering on seed yield and quality in hybrid rice seed production, the parents of two hybrid rice combinations, ‘Guang 8 you 165’ and ‘Yi you 673’, were chosen as the test lines for experimental comparison. It was found that male line’s earlier cutting off after flowering could significantly increase the seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and germination percentage as well as markedly reduce the cracked glume rate of easily fissured glume combination in hybrid rice seed production. It was beneficial for getting the harvest quickly and avoiding the mechanical mixing by other seeds. Meanwhile, the earlier cutting could improve the seed yield and the economic income in seed production. It is proved that the male line’s earlier cutting off after flowering could improve the seed quality, increase the seed yield and income in seed production. This agronomic measure is worth to be popularized.

  Rapid Dehydration of Maize Kernel: Research Progress Peng Changjun, Tang Yujun, Chen Zhiming, Wang Changyu, Cui Shiyou 2020, 10 (6):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020016 Abstract + ( 312 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 294 ) Mechanization production of maize, especially mechanical harvesting, is an important measure to improve the comprehensive production capacity of maize and increase farmers' income. Maize kernel moisture is the main factor affecting maize machine harvesting, especially kernel harvesting. Based on the published literature, the concept of dehydration rate of maize kernels and the importance of rapid dehydration cultivar breeding were analyzed, and the research advances in germplasm mining, heredity and QTL mapping, and phenotypic selection of fast dehydration traits in maize were summarized. Finally, maize breeding for fast dehydration was prospected from three aspects, including strengthening the research on genetic mechanism of quick dehydration and other harvesting traits of maize, paying attention to the mining and creation of excellent germplasms such as early maturity, lodging resistance, disease resistance and rapid dehydration, and conducting field and indoor phenotypic selection of breeding materials.

  Light Cycle Treatments: Effects on the Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Potato Tissue Culture Seedling Ma Yongzhen, Wang Fang, Wang Jian 2020, 10 (6):  15-21.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200302 Abstract + ( 308 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 242 ) To investigate the response of the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of potato tissue culture seedlings of different varieties to photoperiod treatments, ‘Guowai No.2’, ‘Minshu No.1’ and ‘Qingshu No.9’ potato tissue culture seedlings were used as the experimental materials. Three photoperiod treatments of 8 h/d, 12 h/d and 16 h/d were set up, and the growth and physiological index data were measured and analyzed for 35 days of culture. The results showed that: (1) based on the comprehensive analysis of eight growth indicators of leaf number, fresh weight, stem thickness, stem node number, root number, dry weight, root length and plant height, the comprehensive growth performance of ‘Guowai No.2’, ‘Minshu No.1’ and ‘Qingshu No.9’ all increased with the extension of the photoperiod, under the 16 h/d light treatment, the comprehensive growth performance of the three varieties reached the optimal; (2) 16 h/d light treatment could significantly promote the soluble protein synthesis of ‘Guowai No.2’, and 8 h/d light treatment could significantly promote the soluble protein synthesis of ‘Minshu No.1’ and ‘Qingshu No.9’, the activities of SOD and CAT did not show certain regularity due to the fact that the two kinds of oxidase in ‘Guowai No. 2’ and ‘Qingshu No.9’ were not sensitive to photoperiod. For ‘Minshu No.1’, the activity of SOD was the highest and the accumulation of MDA was the least under 12 h/d light.

  Research Progress on Chemosensory Proteins of Insects Liu Xiaohe, Sun Lina, Zhang Huaijiang, Qiu Guisheng 2020, 10 (6):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010023 Abstract + ( 380 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1039KB )   ( 416 ) To study the role of chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the olfactory system of insects, we reviewed the published paper on CSPs since 1990s. It is found that: chemosensory proteins not only exist in the antennae of olfactory organs of insects, but also could be identified in non-olfactory organs, such as the pheromone glands of Agrotis ypsilon. In addition to olfactory functions, chemosensory proteins also play essential roles in biological process, such as insecticide resistance, carriers of visual pigments, nutrition absorption, regeneration and development. In some species of insect, same proteins are expressed simultaneously in antennae and pheromone glands, so, they can perform the dual role of participating in the detection of semiochemicals in the sensory organs and acting as releasers of semiochemicals in secretory glands. However, there are still some deficiencies in the study. It is necessary to study the specific process and function of chemosensory in olfactory recognition, and the chemosensory proteins involved in improving insect insecticide resistance.

  Bordeaux Mixture: Dynamic Changes of Efficacy on Downy Mildew and White Rot of Grape Liu Liying, Dong Zun, Sun Yanping, Gao Yufeng, Tian Jiayu, Wang Lu, Fan Hairong, Chen Wenqiang, Cai Jian 2020, 10 (6):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040020 Abstract + ( 372 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 234 ) The paper aims to clarify the effects of Bordeaux mixture on the downy mildew and white rot of grape, with Cabernet Sauvignon of 22 and 6 years and table grapes as test materials. The results showed that: the dynamic changes of efficacy of Bordeaux mixture on grape diseases in different periods were related not only to the climatic factors at that time, but also the cultivation management; as to the comprehensive effect, the effects of Bordeaux mixture on controlling the downy mildew and white rot of grape were different in different periods (from early June to mid-October), but the dynamic trend of efficacy was the same; the efficacy against downy mildew and white rot was the highest from early June to mid-June, and the lowest from mid-August to late September.

  Research Progress on Insect Resistance Mechanism of Sugarcane Wang Falv, Lin Dongjiang, Wang Yaru, Wang Jinda 2020, 10 (6):  32-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600073 Abstract + ( 317 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1457KB )   ( 216 ) Sugarcane is an important sugar crop and a potential energy crop in China. However, the growing process of sugarcane is threatened by various pests. Currently, chemical control and biological control are mainly used to control sugarcane pests, but the problems of pest resistance and environmental safety cannot be ignored. At present, it is generally accepted that the most fundamental, economical and effective methods are to select and use insect resistant varieties and exploit the insect resistant characteristics of sugarcane. Therefore, this paper firstly introduces the resistance grade of different sugarcane varieties to sugarcane borers, and then expounds the sugarcane resistance principle from two aspects of sugarcane physical resistance and physiological and biochemical resistance, and emphatically introduces the sugarcane induction physiological and biochemical defense system. And suggestions on the present research status of sugarcane insect resistance are put forward to provide references for the cultivation of sugarcane resistant varieties and the integrated pest control in sugarcane field.

  Peanut Varieties in Fluvo-aquic Soil Area: Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Requirement Si Xianzong, Zhang Xiang, Suo Yanyan, Mao Jiawei, Li Liang, Yu Qiong, Li Guoping, Yu Hui, Guo Yuting 2020, 10 (6):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400016 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1076KB )   ( 288 ) The differences of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirement of different peanut varieties were studied by field experiment with randomized block design, aiming to provide technical support for rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus potassium on peanut in wheat-peanut area with fluvo-aquic soil. Results showed that the dry matter stage accumulation and accumulation rate of peanut had a parabolic trend, and those of the late pegging period were the biggest, fertilization could increase the dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate by peanut in different growth and development stages, among the varieties, the accumulation and the accumulation rate of ‘Yuhua 9719’ were the largest, 3687.0 kg/hm2, 184.3 kg/(hm2·d), respectively. The stage accumulation and stage accumulation rate of nitrogen and potassium had a parabolic trend, those of phosphorus of ‘Yuhua 9326’ had a bimodal curve trend, and those of potassium of ‘Yuhua 9719’ and ‘Yuhua 9620’ had a parabolic trend. The average requirement of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) by ‘Yuhua 9719’ were the largest, 3.877, 1.103 and 1.456 kg, respectively. The average requirement of nitrogen (N), potassium (K2O) by ‘Yuhua 9620’, and phosphorus (P2O5) by ‘Yuhua 9326’ were the smallest, 3.773, 1.375 and 1.058 kg, respectively. Compared with the nitrogen, the average proportion of phosphorus required by ‘Yuhua 9620’ was the largest, the average proportion of phosphorus required by ‘Yuhua 9326’ was the smallest, the average proportion of potassium by ‘Yuhua 9719’ was the largest, and that by ‘Yuhua 9620’ was the smallest. When the application rate of N, P2O5, K2O was respectively 180, 120, 150 kg/hm2 respectively, ‘Yuhua 9620’ was a variety with low requirement for nitrogen and potassium and high requirement for phosphorus, ‘Yuhua 9326’ was a variety with low requirement for phosphorus, ‘Yuhua 9719’ was a variety with high requirement for nitrogen and potassium.

  Application Effects of SAMMNS Nanometer Material in Paddy Fields of Cd & Cu Composite Pollution Fang Keming, Xiao Xin, Ye Yiqun, Zhong Guomin, Zhu Anfan, Zhou Lifang, Wang Meiling, Wang Fulin, Hong Xuncheng 2020, 10 (6):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040001 Abstract + ( 245 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 162 ) SAMMNS is a kind of nanometer material used in the treatment of “three wastes” pollution control. To verify the application effects of SAMMNS nanometer material on heavy metal Cd contaminated paddy fields, field experiments with different amounts of SAMMNS nanometer material were carried out in paddy fields with composite pollution by Cd and Cu. The experiments showed that the application of chemical fertilizers could acidify the soil, reduce the amount of Cd and increase the amount of Cu in brown rice. Rice had a strong enrichment effect on Cd, but only general absorption on Cu. The results showed that the application of SAMMNS nanometer material could significantly increase the pH value of soil and effectively reduce the effective Cd content in soil and that in brown rice, and there was a positive correlation between the effective Cd content in soil and that in brown rice. Compared with blank control and fertilization control, the mean value of Cd in brown rice with 3000 kg/hm2 SAMMNS nanometer material decreased by 40.54% and 30.62%, respectively, and the difference of the treatment reached a significant level. The application of SAMMNS nanometer material also had a certain effect on reducing the amount of Cu in brown rice, but it is not as effective as reducing the amount of Cd in brown rice. The application of SAMMNS nanometer material has a small yield increase effect on rice.

  Hourly Precipitation Changes of Main Flood Season in Wuhan Kang Hengyuan, Liu Yulian 2020, 10 (6):  52-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010021 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 166 ) The paper aims to strengthen the analysis of the precipitation characteristics and climate change during the main flood season in Wuhan. We analyzed the hourly precipitation data of Wuhan from 1955 to 2015 by using statistical methods. The results showed that: the precipitation of main flood season in Wuhan was 443.5 mm, the precipitation hours were 149 h, the precipitation days were 22.7 days, and the precipitation intensity was 19.5 mm/d; the maximum precipitation during the main flood season was 28.9 mm at 05:00, the precipitation occurrence probability was the maximum (13.1%) at 04:00, and the minimum (8.3%) at 21:00; the hourly precipitation intensity during the main flood season was the maximum (3.6 mm/h) at 05:00, and the minimum (1.9 mm/h) at 16:00; the precipitation and precipitation intensity were on the rise, and the precipitation intensity in the 3 rd ten days during the main flood season was increasing obviously. Urban flood control and anti-waterlogging should pay more attention to hourly precipitation changes.

  New Oil Flax Varieties (Lines) in China: Adaptability Evaluation in Bashang Area of Northern Hebei Guo Yingjie, Guo Na, Li Airong, Ma Jianfu, Liu Dong, Zhang Lili 2020, 10 (6):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500060 Abstract + ( 406 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 143 ) To screen out the new oil flax varieties suitable for being planted in Bashang area of northern Hebei, and diversify the local varieties, we conducted the adaptability test of 12 new oil flax varieties (lines) from 8 domestic breeding units in Bashang from 2015 to 2016, and analyzed the variation coefficient and variance of main agronomic characters and yield of the tested varieties. The results showed that: there were differences in the stability of main economic characters among varieties; the seed yield of ‘Dingya 25’, ‘Yiya 6’, ‘Tianya 10’, ‘Longya 14’ and ‘Ningya 22’ were sensitive to the environment; the number of fruit per plant of ‘Dingya 25’, ‘Nei 44’, ‘Jinya 13’, ‘Yiya 6’ and ‘391’ were sensitive to environment; there were significant differences in yield levels among varieties; ‘Tianya 11’ and ‘Baxuan 3’ had good yield and stability, ‘Jinya 13’ performed slightly worse than the above two, the 3 varieties had strong disease resistance and moderate drought resistance in the field which were suitable for being planted in northern Hebei. ‘Tianya 10’ and ‘391’ had good yielding ability, ‘Longya 10’ had good stability, so these 3 varieties could be used as parents for breeding.

  Relationship Analysis of Animal Husbandry and Food Industry Cluster Based on System Dynamics Xie Xuejun, Xu Xuanguo, Wang Shuke, Yu Chang 2020, 10 (6):  66-74.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200326 Abstract + ( 368 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 365 ) In recent years, national and local governments at all levels have actively promoted the construction of demonstration parks for food industry clusters, but in some areas, there are misunderstandings in attracting investment. In the course of the park construction, there are many homogenous enterprises, small product difference, and exhausted resources. In view of the above-mentioned phenomena, this paper takes an animal husbandry and food industry cluster in Shandong Province as the research object, and on the basis of theoretical analysis of the competition and cooperation among the enterprises in the cluster, constructs a system dynamics model, and quantitatively analyzes the competition and cooperation relationship of the enterprises in the cluster. The study shows that the cooperative development of enterprises, information sharing and macro-policy regulation of government play a key role in the development of enterprise relations.

  The Cocoon Shell Ratio of Bombyx mori from Sericultural Area of Plateau: Genetic Analysis Ren Xiaoxiao, Luo Chaobin, Sun Yunpeng, Yang Wanjun, Wu Kangyun 2020, 10 (6):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200304 Abstract + ( 231 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 306 ) The research is carried out to verify and supplement the heredity of cocoon shell ratio, which may provide a theoretical basis for breeding purebred silkworm with high cocoon shell ratio. The strains Jingsong, Haoyue with high silk yield and Furong, Xianghui with moderate silk yield were used as parents to construct five generations of genetic population, and then the inheritance cocoon shell ratio was analyzed by the multi-generation joint analysis method. The results showed that gender effects of cocoon quality traits were very obvious and cocoon shell ratio of male was higher than that of female. Cocoon shell ratio of parents was significantly and positively related to the cocoon shell weight. The cocoon shell ratio of F1 hybrids fell in between that of the parents. The cocoon shell ratio of the reciprocal crosses was higher than that of the orthogonal crosses. The frequency of cocoon shell ratio in backcross populations followed the bimodal distribution or skewed unimodal distribution. The heterosis rate of cocoon shell ratio ranged from -3.82% to 5.63%, which indicated that there was almost no heterosis. Therefore, high cocoon shell ratio is a dominant character with maternal inheritance, the inheritance of cocoon shell ratio is regulated by polygenes, and there are major genes in the inheritance system that may be located on sex chromosome.

  The Characteristics of Temperature and Light Properties of Single Plastic Greenhouse in Winter of Southern Zhejiang Zhu Longjing, Wang Kelei, Chen Xianzhi, Su Shiwen, Xu Jian 2020, 10 (6):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000212 Abstract + ( 239 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 265 ) Continuous temperature and light monitoring and typical weather temperature and light analysis were carried out inside and outside of the 8 m single plastic greenhouse for determining the characteristics of temperature and light environment of plastic greenhouse in winter in southern Zhejiang. The results showed that the light intensity of the south of the greenhouse was better than that in the north during the experiment with an increase range of 6.33%-26.68%. The light transmittance in the greenhouse in typical weather accounted for 61.44%-67.38% of the open field. The light transmittance of the greenhouse in sunny days was 3.67% and 9.66% higher than that in cloudy days and light rain days, respectively. During the experiment, the lowest and highest night temperature was 5.88℃ and 13.38℃ respectively in open field, which were 17.51%, 16.67%, 3.43% and 2.54% lower than those of the north and south of the greenhouse. The average night temperature in the greenhouse increased by 4.47% to 8.91% compared with that in the open field under four typical weather conditions.

  Effects of Overexpression of StCYS1 on Potato Growth and Development and Enzymatic Browning Liu Minmin, Li Guangcun, Liu Shiyang, Dong Tiantian, Wang Qingguo, Liu Pei 2020, 10 (6):  86-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300067 Abstract + ( 317 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1490KB )   ( 233 ) To explore the effect of cysteine protease inhibitor gene StCYS1 on the growth and development of potato plants and the enzymatic browning of tubers, StCYS1 overexpressed and wild type ‘MDS’ diploid potato plants were used as materials to study the photosynthetic index, root development, yield, browning of tubers after harvest, PPO activity, total antioxidant capacity and free amino acid content. Compared with wild-type potato plants, the photosynthetic capacity of overexpression lines was significantly improved, the root system was more developed and the yield was higher. Compared with the wild type, the overexpression lines showed less enzymatic browning, higher PPO activity, higher free proline content and total antioxidant capacity, and lower free tyrosine content. The results show that the overexpression of StCYS1 could significantly increase the photosynthesis of potato plants, promote the development of roots and plants, and then increase the yield of potato tubers. The overexpression of StCYS1 effectively improves the antioxidant capacity of potato tubers, reduces the content of free tyrosine, and significantly inhibits the enzymatic browning of potatoes.

  Population Distribution in Northeastern Sichuan: Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics Based on GIS Yan Zihong, Tang Mengge, Wei Lan, Luo Mingliang, Chen Zhongsheng, Qin Zihan 2020, 10 (6):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040004 Abstract + ( 298 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1956KB )   ( 305 ) To study the influence of the construction and development of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration on the population distribution in northeast Sichuan, based on the population data from 2000 to 2014, we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution of population distribution in the region by using the spatial autocorrelation and the models of population center migration. The results showed that (1) from the perspective of the total population change, the population of northeastern Sichuan increased by 1.951 million from 2000 to 2014 with an average annual growth rate of 5.56‰; (2) the population of northeastern Sichuan was mainly concentrated in Nanchong, Guang’an and some counties in southwest Dazhou, namely, the southeast of the region; (3) the overall spatial autocorrelation results showed that: the population of northeastern Sichuan was positively correlated in space, and the spatial aggregation was remarkable; while from a local point of view, the local characteristics of population spatial aggregation gradually weakened during 2000-2014, and in 2014, local clustering was not significant; (4) from 2000 to 2014, the population center in northeastern Sichuan showed a trend of migration from the northwest to the southeast.