Current issue

• 2020 Vol.10 No.7 Published:20 July 2020

  The Performance of New Temperature-sensitive Indica Hybrid Rice Combinations in Late Season Regional Trials in Southern Guangxi Zhu Zhijun, Li Xinglin, Meng Yunshao, Huang Xiaojiang, Liu Zhaoyang, Xin Yingfeng, Mo Qiuxia, Jiang Xianhua, Yang Shoushan, Chen Xinquan, Lu Zhangquan 2020, 10 (7):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700125 Abstract + ( 448 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 381 ) To recommend hybrid rice varieties with better comprehensive traits and full utilization of light and temperature resources in southern Guangxi, 9 new Indica hybrid rice combinations (including controls) with temperature sensitivity were used in complete random block plot test, and the characteristics of these combinations in the late season in the ecological area of southern Guangxi were evaluated by variance analysis and sequencing comparison. The results showed that the yield, whole growth period and resistance of ‘Shenliangyou 9353’, ‘Changliangyou huazhan’, ‘Changliangyou 9’, ‘Qianliangyou 9’, ‘Kunliangyou huazhan’ and ‘Qianliangyou 6’ were suitable for the ecological area of southern Guangxi. The yield of ‘Shenliangyou 9353’ was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of the control. Although ‘Fyou 6735’ and ‘Wantai xiangzhan’ had good resistance, their yields were very significant or significantly lower than those of other combinations (including the control). The yield of the tested combinations correlated well with the whole growth period, the total grain number and real grain number, but not with other traits. Six temperature-sensitive seedling combinations can make full use of light and temperature resources in southern Guangxi ecological region, which are suitable for developing winter production and adjusting industrial structure, and can be used as alternative combinations in early and late rice production.

  Mapping Cold-Tolerant QTL in Rice at Seedling Stage: Using a High-Density Genetic Map of Recombinant Inbred Lines Liu Ruiqi, Zou Andong, Wu Guangliang, Wang Peng, Li Caijing, Zhang Xiangyu, Cheng Qin, Wang Yanning, Huang Shiying, He Haohua, Bian Jianmin 2020, 10 (7):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0079 Abstract + ( 439 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 2022KB )   ( 326 ) To map the cold-tolerant QTL in rice, the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between ‘Wufeng B’ and ‘Changhui T025’, the parents of double-cropping super rice ‘Wufengyou T025’, were used as the materials. The survival rate, root number, root length and bud length at young seedling stage treated at low temperature of 10℃ were determined. Three QTL, qRL1, qRL2, and qBL6 controlling the cold tolerance of rice at seedling stage, were detected by QTL Icimapping v4.2 software. These QTL were identified on chromosome 1, 2 and 6, respectively, their LOD values were 2.98, 2.51 and 5.26, respectively, and the phenotypic variation explained by these QTL were 10.54%, 8.67% and 14.04%, respectively, and the positive alleles of the three QTL were all from ‘Changhui T025’. These QTL were mapped at an interval of 6.75k-40.05kb on Nipponbare genome, which laid the foundation for the improvement of indica cold tolerance at young seedling stage by using these favorable QTL via marker-assisted selection. Furthermore, 13 pairs of epistatic interaction QTL were detected on all 12 chromosomes, and the epistatic interaction between chromosome 3 and chromosome 8 accounted for 21.77% of the phenotypic variation. The results indicate that the epistatic interaction effect plays an important role in rice cold tolerance at young seedling stage.

  The Application of Wheat Main Parent ‘Lumai 13’ in Wheat Breeding Sun Nina, Wang Jianping, Yu Jingchuan, Ding Xiaoyi, Liu Jie, Zhao Ming, Jiang Hongming, Li Linzhi 2020, 10 (7):  15-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030022 Abstract + ( 556 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1153KB )   ( 363 ) To study the breeding theory more effectively and improve the breeding efficiency of wheat, the cultivation thinking, excellent characteristics and varieties bred of ‘Lumai 13’ were analyzed. From 1996 to 2018, ‘Lumai 13’ was used as the parent, 77 new wheat varieties were bred by a total of 57 breeding units including Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and 9 provinces. These varieties obtained certification for 17 times at national level, and were approved and identified for 103 times at provincial level by Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, Hubei, Tianjin, Beijing. Up to 2016, the cumulative extension area reached 25.1213 million hm2. ‘Lumai 13’ as a new generation of main parent has made a significant contribution to Shandong and the whole country's wheat breeding and production.

  Activity of α-amylase in Wheat Seed Germination at Different Altitudes in Qinghai: Comparison Wang Li, Quan Youjuan, Li Xiang, Liu Demei, Chen Zhiguo 2020, 10 (7):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030017 Abstract + ( 560 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1342KB )   ( 491 ) The purpose is to explore the reason why the germination rate of spring wheat in Xiangride Area, Dulan County (in high altitude Qaidam Basin) was significantly lower than that of Ledu Area (low altitude) in the East of Qinghai. In this experiment, four wheat varieties from the two areas were used. The TP germination paper method was used to simulate field germination environment by artificial climate chamber. The α-amylase activity was measured and compared during the 7th day germination period. The germination rate of wheat seeds in low altitude area was significantly higher than that in high altitude area, the α-amylase activity of seeds of the four varieties in Ledu Area was significantly higher than that in Xiangride Area, which could be one of the reasons that the germination rate of wheat seed in Xiangride area was lower than that in Ledu area. The germination rate of wheat seeds is affected by a series of factors, such as moisture content, grain maturation stage and storage condition. At the same time, a series of enzymes are needed in wheat germination, among which α-amylase plays an important role in wheat germination.

  Flour Starch Properties of Xinjiang Wheat Varieties: Effects on the Quality of Naan Liu Na, Halidan· yikeremu, Liu Lianzheng, Zhou Anding, Wu Xinyuan, Nie Shihui, Zhang Xinzhong, Cao Junmei, Burelihan· tuoheti 2020, 10 (7):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300081 Abstract + ( 489 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 239 ) To explore the effect of wheat starch properties on Naan quality, 11 main winter wheat varieties in Xinjiang were used as experimental materials to detect the starch properties of different varieties by the falling number and starch pasting properties. The makers and sensory evaluation team evaluated the production process and sensory quality of Naan. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the effect of starch properties on the quality of Naan. The results showed that the variation ranges of starch properties of flour samples from different wheat varieties were relatively large, and the variation ranges of the lowest viscosity of starch pasting properties were the largest. Starch properties influenced the dough color and dough stickiness after resting, as well as chemical properties, and the total sensory evaluation score of Naan products. Falling number and the minimum viscosity was the main starch property that influenced the sensory quality of Naan. The results provided a basis for the comprehensive assessment of Naan.

  Endophytic Fungi from Wild Soybean Promotes Crop Growth Yang He, Hou Yuxuan, Zhang Shu, Kong Qinglin, Fan Zhijun, Li Shuangrun, Meng Meng, Li Hengxing, Zhang Yue, Xiao Jialei 2020, 10 (7):  31-34.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500044 Abstract + ( 458 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 307 ) To achieve the development of green ecological agriculture, improve agricultural quality and efficiency, and accelerate the research and development of biocontrol agents, the wild soybean endophytic fungi Y6R15 and Y2S2 with broad-spectrum antagonism against maize leaf spot and soybean phytophthora blight were used as test materials to analyze the changes of dry matter and root system indexes at the seedling stage of both maize and soybean under different treatments. The results showed that the antagonistic strain Y6R15 promoted the growth of maize leaves and dry weight of roots significantly, and increased the indexes of root length, root surface area, root volume and root tip number. Leaf spraying with the fungi agents Y6R15 based on the index of root-shoot ratio got the best effect, and the effect of root irrigation with Y6R15 agents based on the characteristics of root system was better than that of leaf spraying. Antagonistic strains Y2S2 and Y6R15 can both promote the growth of soybean, and Y6R15 can promote the growth of both corn and soybean.

  Impacts of Climate Change on Maize Production in Northeast China and Countermeasures Gong Deping, Gong Wenliu 2020, 10 (7):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb19040008 Abstract + ( 596 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1004KB )   ( 602 ) To explore the impact of climate change on maize production in northeast China, the changes of precipitation, sunshine duration and temperature in northeast China in the past 50 years were analyzed, and the adverse effects of temperature, drought and sunshine duration on maize yield were summarized. It is considered that the northeast region has experienced climate changes such as rising temperatures, reduced precipitation, and decreased sunshine duration, which led to the reduced yield, prolonged growth period, declining quality, increased pests and weeds in maize production. It is suggested that the agronomic management methods should be improved in maize production, such as arranging the sowing period in advance, increasing the input of chemical fertilizers and trace elements, and selecting varieties with heat and drought resistance.

  Different Combination Patterns of Fungicides Against Mulberry Sorosis Disease: Integrated Control Effect Miao Qiang, Hong Wenying, Wu Yanjun, Jin Yahui, Jin Lixin, Sun Hanjing 2020, 10 (7):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300069 Abstract + ( 422 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 240 ) To screen effective and environmental-friendly fungicides for mulberry sorosis disease control, the control effects of different combination patterns of fungicides were evaluated by field tests. The results showed that the control effect investigated in full fruit period was over 93% by spraying fungicides 3-4 times during the initial flowering period, full bloom period and late flowering period in each control area (treatment 1 to treatment 4). The quality indexes such as the average number of fruits on a single branch, the healthy fruit rate and the total weight of fruits on a single branch were superior to that of the control (treatment 5). The amount of pesticide residue in mulberry fruit conformed to the national standard. It is suggested that the mulberry plantation should be closed with lime sulphur in autumn and winter, and the fungicide combination of 50% diazimide WDG 1500 times solution+ 50% isomicarbazide SC 1000 times solution+ 75% pentazolol WDG 3500 times solution should be applied in the appropriate period. Other control patterns could be used as alternative methods to avoid or slow down the emergence of resistance.

  Effect of Combined Application of Biochar-based Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Lettuce Xu Mengze, Liang Min, Li Miaomiao, Gao Liang, Xie Faping, Wang Yilun 2020, 10 (7):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030004 Abstract + ( 622 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 467 ) To conduct scientific fertilization and realize high yield and high quality production of lettuce, we took routine fertilization as a control group, and carried out pot experiment to study the effects of different amounts of biochar-based fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the yield, physiological characteristics, nitrate reductase (NR), vitamin C (Vc) and nitrate content. The results showed that the yield of lettuce under the application of chemical fertilizer was the highest, which reached 305.74 g/pot, increased by 24.42% compared with that of the control group. Compared with those of the control group, the SPAD, net photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase increased by 8.48%, 64.53% and 29.59%, respectively. The Vc of lettuce was 132.00 mg/kg, which was 15.79% higher than that of the control. The nitrate content of lettuce decreased by 10.88% with the combination of chemical fertilizer and high-amount biochar-based fertilizer. The reduction of fertilizer reduced the nitrate content of lettuce by 15.38%-22.38%, and the nitrate content of lettuce could be significantly reduced under the combination application of fertilizer reduction and biochar-based fertilizer. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and high biochar-based fertilizer could significantly increase the yield of lettuce, promote the photosynthetic capacity and improve the quality of lettuce.

  The Safe Utilization Technology of Pb-contaminated Farmland Using Sweet Sorghum Xue Zhongcai, Du Ruiheng, Li Shizhong 2020, 10 (7):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800148 Abstract + ( 536 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1424KB )   ( 263 ) To establish the safe utilization technology of Pb-contaminated farmland using sweet sorghum, we studied the Pb-enrichment characteristics of sweet sorghum by a field control experiment and analyzed their correlations with the soil Pb concentrations. The results showed that: sweet sorghum had strong ability to tolerate Pb, without obvious heavy metal toxicity under different Pb concentrations; meanwhile, the water and sugar content of stem had no significant effect under the Pb treatments; the Pb concentrations in the root, stem, leaf and seed of the sweet sorghum increased significantly with the increasing Pb concentrations in soil, and there was a significant linear relationship between them; the Pb concentrations showed an order of root>leaf>stem>grain, and the accumulation of Pb in the sweet sorghum plant reached 12.4 mg/plant in the study. Therefore, the safe utilization technology of Pb-contaminated farmland of sweet sorghum is established by integrating advanced solid-state fermentation technology (ASSF) and combustion technology to realize the safe disposal of sweet sorghum plants. This method is simple and convenient, and can achieve significant economic, social and environmental benefits.

  Visualization Analysis of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Wang Bo, Lin Xiaobo, Li Wenfen 2020, 10 (7):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600080 Abstract + ( 562 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2026KB )   ( 312 ) To understand the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution research, this study analyzed 1000 representative papers (including core journal papers, master theses and doctoral dissertations) on agricultural non-point source pollution in CNKI from 2008 to 2019. On this foundation, the future development trend of agricultural non-point source pollution research in China was forecasted by obtaining the current research content and hot spots in this field. The research status and development trend in this field were analyzed by visual analysis method. The results show that the research field of agricultural non-point source pollution has developed. The total amount of articles has an upward trend; high-frequency vocabulary mainly includes chemical fertilizer, livestock manure and farmers. From the time line, the previous studies focus on the status of pollution, the pollution load of the target area, the surface and underground runoff, and the use of fertilizers. In the later period, the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in agriculture, the national control policy and pollution control technology are high-frequency words, indicating that more and more attention has been paid to the prevention and control of non-point source pollution. The results of this study could provide some reference data for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution and policy formulation in China.

  Climatic Suitability for Camellia oleifera Production in Shaoyang, Hunan Liao Yaoming, Pan Jiangping, Lv Yuan 2020, 10 (7):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900201 Abstract + ( 227 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 317 ) To quantitatively assess the climatic adaptability of Camellia oleifera production in Shaoyang, an evaluation index system of climatic condition for Camellia oleifera production was constructed from three aspects of climatic suitability, climatic condition and meteorological disasters. Based on the evaluation index system, climate condition and disaster risk of Camellia oleifera production were analyzed with daily temperature, precipitation and sunshine history data from 1961 to 2018. The results showed that during 1961-2018, more than 95% of the years had the annual temperature, active accumulated temperature above 10℃, average temperature of the coldest and hottest months, and annual relative humidity in the optimum range. The average temperature in Camellia oleifera flower bud differentiation stage and flowering stage in all years in Shaoyang were in the appropriate range. During the peak period of fruit enlargement and stage of oil transformation, the number of years with suitable precipitation reached 93.1% and 84.5%, respectively. The main meteorological disasters for Camellia oleifera production in Shaoyang included high temperature, drought, freezing damage at low temperature and continuous rain. Risks of these disasters were low, and under the background of climate change, these disasters had a mitigating trend.

  Species and Distribution of Aquatic Vegetable Resources in Hunan: Investigation and Analysis Xie Lingling, Liu Feng, Mi Baobin, Li Qian, Zhou Xiaobo, Yang Jianguo, Ni Xiangjiang, Zhou Huoqiang 2020, 10 (7):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030031 Abstract + ( 526 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2819KB )   ( 294 ) By self-collection and through the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, Hunan Institute of Vegetable Research collected a total of 203 aquatic vegetable resources, which belonged to 10 species. According to the statistic data of the survey, we separately described the present situation of aquatic vegetable resources based on classification, analyzed the overall distribution of the resources in Hunan. Among all the species, lotus root has a dominant position, taro is the most abundant, water bamboo, water celery, spinach, and water caltrop are also in abundance, other resources are relatively few. The majority of the resources mainly distribute in the north of the Dongting Lake area and hilly area in central Hunan, and the distribution in west and south Hunan is small and scattered. In general, Hunan is rich in aquatic vegetable resources, including a large number of local varieties and wild resources, but facing a severe situation of resource reduction. In view of the current situation and existing problems, the authors put forward corresponding strategies.

  The Growth Law of Corylus heterophylla× Corylus avellana in Mu Us Sandy Land Yang Tao, Shang Aijun, Shi Sheqiang, Lin Yuyang, Wang Haiying, Luo Zhumei, Wu Jinyan, Chao Zunqi 2020, 10 (7):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300070 Abstract + ( 438 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1337KB )   ( 430 ) To screen out good hazelnut varieties suitable for cultivation in Mu Us sandy land, five major hazelnut varieties ‘Dawei’, ‘Liaozhen 3’, ‘Liaozhen 7’, ‘Liaozhen 8’ and ‘Pingou 15’ were introduced from Zhanggutai, Liaoning Province. Two experiments were conducted in Hongshixia Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Sand Control Research Institute and Niuyuqin National Sand Control Base of Jingbian County. Experiments on introduction and cultivation were carried out, and the phenological period, growth and fruiting conditions were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the five hazelnut varieties could grow normally and complete vegetative and reproductive growth in the two experimental sites. But in terms of tree height and crown diameter, ‘Dawei’ and ‘Liaozhen 3’ were significantly better than ‘Liaozhen 7’ and ‘Liaozhen 8’ (P＜0.05). In terms of shoot length, shoot diameter and shoot number, ‘Dawei’ was significantly better than the other three varieties (P＜0.05), followed by ‘Liaozhen 3’. From the perspective of seed setting index, there was no significant difference (P＞0.05) among the four varieties except ‘Pingou 15’, which was worse than other varieties. From the perspective of seed setting date, ‘Dawei’ and ‘Liaozhen 3’ were earlier than ‘Liaozhen 7’ and ‘Liaozhen 8’, which were significantly better than ‘Pingou 15’. According to the comprehensive growth index and fruiting index, the five varieties can be introduced and planted in Yulin, but ‘Dawei’ and ‘Liaozhen 3’ are more suitable to be popularized and planted in Mu Us sandy land, ‘Pingou 15’ has the worst growth performance and is not suitable to be popularized and cultivated in Mu Us sandy land.

  The Historical Evolution and Cultivation Technology of the Medicinal and Edible Plant Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis Qing Lingshan, Zeng Jing, Tong Wen, Sun Pei, Hu Lusheng, Wu Faming, Long Yanmei 2020, 10 (7):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200295 Abstract + ( 572 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1153KB )   ( 876 ) This article studies the Chinese traditional medicinal and edible plant Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis (fingered citron), including its historical evolution from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the division of artificially cultivated varieties, and the change of planting bases. Base on the related literature review, we summarized the research progress of fingered citron cultivation technology and its medicinal and economic value. In addition, we pointed out the differences of Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis, Citrus medica var. medica and Citrus medica, from historical evolution, identifying that they were of the same family, same genus and different species. Finally, we raised the question of whether the differences between the cultivars from the main fingered citron producing areas were consistent with the National Pharmacopoeia, suggesting that regional standardization of cultivation technology should be established on variety, origin, soil, climate, etc.

  Marine Fish Farming in China: Development Path and Technological Changes Zhou Jingjuan 2020, 10 (7):  88-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500022 Abstract + ( 677 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 541 ) Marine fish have high nutritional value and is popular with the people, and the market is short of supply. China is the largest mariculture country in the world, and has accumulated rich experience in the exploration and practice of marine fish farming. Based on the data of China Fisheries Yearbook and FishstatJ database from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the author combines qualitative & quantitative methods to sort out the development of mariculture industry since the founding of the P. R. China, including species structure, regional distribution characteristics, aquaculture models and cost-benefit indicators. The author also analyzes the paths of technological change of marine fish farming, disease prevention and control, nutritional needs and diet formulation, fine management and aquaculture engineering facilities, thus to reveal the evolution rule and provide reference for formulating the sustainable development strategy of marine fish farming.

  Hainan Alpinia oxyphylla Industry: Development Advantages, Problems and Countmeasures Yan Xiaoxia, Wang Maoyuan, Wang Qinglong, Ren Baolan, Yang Qing, Tang Huan, Wang Zhunian 2020, 10 (7):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020010 Abstract + ( 368 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1136KB )   ( 494 ) To promote the sustainable development of Hainan Alpinia oxyphylla industry, and explore its potential to boost regional economy, the present situation of Hainan Alpinia oxyphylla industry development was investigated. Through analysis, we find that Hainan Alpinia oxyphylla industry has obvious comparative advantages of resources, huge market potential, good industrial foundation, and so on. Alpinia oxyphylla industry is Hainan’s first choice for economic restructuring and targeted poverty alleviation. We summarize problems in the development of Hainan Alpinia oxyphylla industry, such as seedlings, planting, quality and market risks, then put forward suggestions, including strengthening the breeding research, standardized cultivation, functional component extraction and product development, formulating relevant standards, improving the organizational and financial security systems, enhancing marketing, and establishing famous brands.