Current issue

• 2020 Vol.10 No.8 Published:20 August 2020

  Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Components of Elite Wheat Cultivars in Huainan Wheat Zone of Jiangsu Cai Jinhua, Chen Wei 2020, 10 (8):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjasb18110012 Abstract + ( 526 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1098KB )   ( 296 ) To determine the yield and yield components of elite wheat cultivars in Huainan Wheat Zone of Jiangsu, a total of six cultivars including ‘Yangmai16’, ‘Yangmai18’, ‘Yangmai20’, ‘Zhenmai12’, ‘Ningmai14’ and ‘Zhenmai168’ were used as materials. Correlation analysis and path analysis were carried out on grain yield and yield components of these materials in field. The results showed that the grain yield and yield components among cultivars had a great variation, the grain yield reached the significant level in some cultivars. ‘Yangmai20’ had the highest spike number, while ‘Yangmai18’ had the lowest. The spike number between ‘Yangmai20’ and ‘Zhenmai168’, and that between ‘Yangmai16’ and ‘Yangai18’ had no significant difference. While the spike number of the other cultivars had significant difference. ‘Zhenmai12’ had the highest grains per spike, while ‘Yangmai16’ had the lowest. ‘Yangmai20’, ‘Ningmai14’ and ‘Zhenmai168’ had no obvious difference. ‘Zhenmai12’ and ‘Ningmai14’ had no obvious difference, while the difference of other cultivars reached the significant level, the highest value appeared in ‘Zhenmai168’ and the lowest in ‘Yangmai20’. In general, the yield components and yield have a positive correlation, which reaches the significant or extremely significant level, the yield components promote the yield increase of different cultivars, but the effects of yield components of different cultivars on yield increase are different.

  Drought Resistance Identification of Wheat Varieties in Huanghuai Dryland Group: Comparative Analysis Meng Limei, Yang Ziguang, Sun Junwei, Zhang Ke, Guo Junwei 2020, 10 (8):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200309 Abstract + ( 567 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 332 ) To understand the overall situation of drought resistance of wheat varieties in dryland groups in Huanghuai winter wheat area, the yield and drought resistance index of 132 regional trial varieties (lines) from 2017 to 2019 under drought stress, as well as the spike number, kernels per spike, thousand-grain weight, plant height and other traits and drought resistance coefficient were analyzed. The results showed that varieties (lines) in the Huanghuai dry-fertilizer group, dry-thin group and northern group had the similar trend of drought resistance, the total yield under stress was dry-fertilizer group> dry-thin group> northern group, and showed a steady upward trend year by year. From the perspective of the drought resistance index, drought resistance of wheat varieties in the Huanghuai dryland was still at a weak level, drought resistance traits were damaged differently under drought stress, among the traits, the thousand kernel weight suffered the lightest damage, the effective panicle, panicle number and plant height were the most serious damaged.

  Photothermal Resource Distribution and Light Utilization in Cotton Rows: Under Cotton-wheat Intercropping Liu Yi, Wang Yan, Zhang Qian, Feng Guoyi, Zhang Xi, Qian Yuyuan, Qi Hong 2020, 10 (8):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300048 Abstract + ( 354 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1206KB )   ( 317 ) Through studying the effects of ridging treatment on the light, heat and water conditions of cotton and wheat in the symbiotic stage and the response of the light energy utilization characteristics of cotton, the paper aims to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of ridging promoting the growth and increasing the yield in cotton-wheat intercropping. The experiment set up two treatments including cotton-wheat flat intercropping (T) and cotton row ridging intercropping (T+L), with cotton monoculture (D) as the control. The function leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was determined under different photon density gradients on symbiotic period of wheat cotton, the light response curve was fitted, and the light utilizing characteristic parameters of function leaves were calculated. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) were analyzed. The daily effective light energy (PARd) was calculated under different treatments. In the cotton-wheat intercropping mode (T), the water content in the canopy of cotton row and the topsoil with ground temperature of 5 cm was significantly lower than that of treatment D, with growth retardation and yield reduction of 20.1%. Under the treatment T+L, the PARd in the trifoliate stage and wheat harvest stage increased by 5.8% and 47.5%, respectively, compared with treatment T. The ground temperature of 5 cm was significantly increased after 11:00, and the soil moisture content of 20 cm decreased slowly. Compared with treatment T, the Pnmax and LSP of functional leaves of cotton treated with T+L were significantly increased, while LCP showed no significant change. The relative plant growth rate (PGR) was increased, and the flowering and flocculation stages were 4-5 days earlier than that of treatment T. The annual yield was increased by 14.5% and 15.3%, respectively, compared with treatment T. Ridging process strengthened the canopy PAR in the symbiotic period of cotton-wheat intercropping, increased the Pnmax and LSP of function leaves, increased the PARd of cotton lines, raised the soil temperature of cotton lines, slowed down the water reducing rate in the top layer, and thus reduced the inhibitory effect of shading on cotton growth and development, and then increased the output of the cotton-wheat intercropping.

  Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flax at Seedling Stage Wang Liqin, Yang Jianchun 2020, 10 (8):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500038 Abstract + ( 387 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1081KB )   ( 292 ) In this study, the dynamic changes of chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of flax were investigated. Suitable water amount and drought stress were used as the main factors, and fertilization was used as the secondary factor (pure nitrogen: 60, 90, 120 kg/hm2; P2O5: 30, 60, 90 kg/hm2) to measure the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation at seedling stage. The results showed that there were significant differences in chlorophyll content under different fertilization treatments. Under drought condition, the chlorophyll content of N1P2 treatment (pure nitrogen 60 kg/hm2, P2O5 60 kg/hm2) was the maximum of 0.97 mg/g, under appropriate water treatment, the highest chlorophyll content was observed in N1P2 as 1.189 mg/g. There were significant differences in the photosynthetic rate of each fertilization combination, under the drought stress and appropriate water treatment, the photosynthetic rate of N1P2 reached the maximum value of 16.06 and 17.969 mol/(m2·s), respectively. In addition, there were significant differences in dry matter accumulation among different fertilization treatments under drought stress and appropriate water treatment, the dry matter accumulation of N1P2 was the largest, 0.183 and 0.256 g/plant, respectively. Under drought stress, the photosynthesis of flax could be weaker than that under water treatment, and the appropriate nitrogen and phosphorus application could significantly improve the photosynthetic rate and increase the accumulation of dry matter.

  Effects of Common Tillage Methods on Major Food Crops: A Review Zhang Xiangqian, Yang Wenfei, Xu Yunji 2020, 10 (8):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500043 Abstract + ( 687 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 969KB )   ( 448 ) The effects of different tillage methods on the root system, photosynthesis, grain quality and yield of main grain crops in China are expounded through the collation of relevant data. The authors analyzed the necessity and importance of further strengthening the research on tillage methods in future agricultural production, and pointed out that the appropriate tillage methods should be selected according to the regional ecological environment, soil properties, crop species and crop rotation types in the future on the basis of combining Chinese national condition, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable selection of tillage methods in agricultural production, the improvement of crop yield and the sustainable utilization of cultivated land in China.

  Fungicides on Soybean in Northeast China: Reducing Application and Increasing Efficiency Gu Xin, Yang Xiaohe, Yao Liangliang, Gao Xuedong, Zhang Maoming, Liu Wei, Qiu Lei, Shen Hongbo, Ma Ying, Ding Junjie 2020, 10 (8):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400008 Abstract + ( 385 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1110KB )   ( 261 ) The study aims to solve the problems of disordered selection of fungicides, excessive dosage and improper application methods in soybean production areas in northeast China. In 2018, 3 treatments were conducted in the field. The treatment of reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency was based on planting disease-resistant varieties, and using rhizobium agent and Bacillus subtilis wettable powder to control soybean root rot, and leaf covering powder to control frogeye leaf spot, and large-area comparison tests were carried out between the above mentioned treatment and conventional chemical treatment and non-administration treatment. Random point survey was used to investigate soybean root rot index, frogeye leaf spot index and yield of soybean, then, the benefits were calculated. The results showed that: the disease indexes of root rot and frogeye leaf spot under reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency were the lowest, 17.96% and 27.18%, respectively; the control effect of root rot was 64.08%, which was extremely superior to that of chemical treatment; the control effect of soybean frogeye leaf spot was 72.97%, which was significantly better than that of chemical treatment; the yield of reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency reached 3914.40 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that of the control treatment, and the final benefit was 1067.70 Yuan more. The reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency could not only reduce the dosage, but also increase the yield and income, and the study provides a research foundation for realizing the zero growth of fungicide in 2020.

  Toxicity Effects of Common Fungicides on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Lin Tianran, Lu Yihui, Zeng Wenlong, Lin Xiaolu, Lai Rongquan, Tang Mingqiang, Peng Shuilian 2020, 10 (8):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900194 Abstract + ( 671 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 280 ) To screen out the effective fungicides to control tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, the toxicity of five fungicides, including streptomycin sulfate, ethylallicin, octyllamine acetate, Kejunkang and Qingkuling, to tobacco bacterial wilt bacteria was determined with plate inhibition zone method while their efficacy was tested by pot experiment in greenhouse by inoculating pathogen first and then irrigating drugs. The results showed that the five fungicides could inhibit the growth of tobacco bacterial wilt. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of fungicides and the inhibition effect. The correlation between the concentration of fungicides and the inhibition effect was significant. The EC50 of 72% Streptomycin sulphate, 80% ethylallicin, 1.8% octyllamine acetate, 3% Kejunkang and 50% Qingkuling was 43.50, 154.69, 116.75, 123.43 and 37.86 mg/L, respectively. Pot experiment showed that 50% Qingkuling had the highest inhibition rate against tobacco bacterial wilt, with the control efficacy of 88.6%; followed by 72% streptomycin sulfate, with the control efficacy of 79.6%. 1.8% octyllamine acetate, 80% ethylallicin and 3% Kejunkang had poor control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt with control efficacy of 75.6%, 56.7% and 52.3%, respectively.

  Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Agronomic Management Practice: Research Progress Zhang Junli, Gao Mingbo, Lei Jianxin, Zhao Xiaojin, Suo Long, Yang Yuanyuan, Wang Jianmin, Wang Xiaoxia 2020, 10 (8):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020004 Abstract + ( 561 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1032KB )   ( 520 ) As a green remediation technology for heavy metal contaminated soil, agronomic management practice has drawn wide attention. In this article, an analysis was conducted to investigate the remediation principle and effectiveness of some agronomic management practices, such as water management, fertilization, cultivation, alternative planting, adding passivation materials, and future research direction was also discussed.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer Treatment on Taro Growth, Eating Quality and Soil Fertility Wang An, Sun Jianxia, Chang Qingtao, Xie Jixian, Wu Wei 2020, 10 (8):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030002 Abstract + ( 593 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 481 ) A total of three organic fertilizer application amounts, T1-T3 and CK (control) were set up in Taizhou and Taixing to explore the influence of organic fertilizer application on the growth and development, eating quality and soil nutrients of taro, respectively, aiming to provide a basis for scientific fertilization on taro. The results showed that plant height at the 6th and 12th leaf stages of T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of CK in Taizhou and Taixing (P<0.05), the plant height of T1 was only significantly higher than that of CK at the 12th leaf stage in Taixing, and there was no significant difference at the 6th and 12th leaf stage between T1 and CK in Taizhou. The average leaf area index (LAI) at the 6th leaf stage of T3 was 0.31 in Taixing, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the difference of LAI among other treatments was not significant. The LAI at the 12th leaf stage of T3 was 0.71 and 0.75 in Taizhou and Taixing, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of CK. The application amount of organic fertilizer was significantly and positively correlated with the taste, fragrance index and soil organic matter, with the correlation coefficient of 0.89, 0.86 and 0.79, respectively. The alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those of CK. The maximum and minimum amount of available potassium in soil was 174 mg/kg (T2) and 159 mg/kg (T3) in Taizhou, respectively, while in Taixing, the maximum was found in CK of 172 mg/kg, and the minimum was found in T3 of 140 mg/kg.

  Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Amounts Under Straw Returning: Effects on the Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Cui Junjiang, Zhou Mingxian, Zhang Hongying, Jiao Yanlin, Wang Dongmei, Xin Qingguo, Yan Meiling 2020, 10 (8):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100275 Abstract + ( 466 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 399 ) The paper aims to study the appropriate fertilizer amount for high-yield and good-quality wheat ‘Yannong 999’. We studied the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer amounts under the condition of straw returning and non-straw returning on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. The results showed that: the grain yield of ‘Yannong 999’decreased in an order of: N240>N300>N180>N120>Ns180>Nck, the regularity of biomass performance was basically the same as grain yield; the straw returning could significantly increase the grain yield, biomass yield and yield of wheat; when N application rate was 180-240 kg/hm2, nitrogen agronomic efficiency of ‘Yannong 999’ was higher than that of other treatments, indicating nitrogen application could increase the grain yield. The biomass and economic yield of ‘Yannong 999’ was higher than that of ‘Jimai 22’, by 5.1% and 4.0%, respectively; the partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen of ‘Yannong 999’ was higher than that of ‘Jimai 22’, by 4.18% and 28.8%, respectively.

  Effect of Different Baking Methods on the Quality of ‘Yunyan 87’ Tobacco Yang Zhijie, Lan Zhouhuan, Yang Zhengang, Wang Yifeng, Tong Dewen, Jiang Guiying, Shi Sansan, Wu Long 2020, 10 (8):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200308 Abstract + ( 487 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1132KB )   ( 686 ) In order to further optimize the level of tobacco curing process and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco, we used ‘Yunyan 87’ as the material to compare the flue-cured tobacco leaves of local scattered leaf baking and hanging stem baking for many years. The results showed that: with the improvement of the technology of scattered leaf curing year by year, the gap between scattered leaf curing and hanging stem curing in the appearance quality of tobacco leaves was narrowed gradually; the chemical quality of tobacco leaves of scattered leaf curing was significantly better than hanging stem curing, and the chemical composition was more coordinated.

  Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inorganic Salts in MS Medium: Effects on Growth and Survival of Zostera marina Developing Ramets Zhang Fei, Zheng Fengying 2020, 10 (8):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500055 Abstract + ( 513 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 481 ) To explore the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus inorganic salts in MS medium on the growth of Zostera marina, the young ramets of Z.marina were cultured in natural seawater with different concentrations of KNO3, NH4NO3 and KH2PO4 , respectively, and the morphological observation was conducted and leaf chlorophyll content was determined at 7 and 14 days; among them, the addition of KNO3 was 1/2, 1 and 2 times as much as that of MS medium, and the total concentration of NO3- was 39.4 mmol/L, while the addition of KH2PO4 and NH4NO3 was 1/2, 1 and 2 times as much as that of MS medium respectively. The results showed that: the chlorophyll content in KNO3 treatment group was the highest (P<0.05), the developing ramets were cultured for 14 days without toxic phenomenon and new leaves sprouted; however, the NH4NO3 and KH2PO4 treatment groups both had obviously toxic effects on the ramets; the leaves of ramets began to brown after culturing for 48 h in NH4NO3 treatment group; subsequently, the tips of root and rhizome softened and began to brown after 7 days of incubation and finally the ramets’ shoots died after 14 days; while the ramets’ leaves of KH2PO4 treatment group had the average browning rate up to 56% after culturing 14 days. Thus, neither 1/2 MS medium nor MS medium is suitable for in vitro culture of Z.marina, and the nitrogen source of the culture medium is suggested as addition of NO3--N alone or a high concentration NO3--N with a low concentration of NH4+-N.

  Exploration of Contributor Strategy to Improve Discipline Ranking Under ESI System:Taking ‘Environment Ecology’ of Qingdao University of Science & Technology as an Example Wu Man, Tan Shuqin, Chen Yufeng, Xu Zhong 2020, 10 (8):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900182 Abstract + ( 499 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1133KB )   ( 601 ) Based on disciplines development analysis in universities, this study provides relevant suggestions for the submission of academic papers on the subject, with a view to providing reference for the promotion of ESI disciplines in China’s universities. Taking the ‘environment/ecology’ of Qingdao University of Science and Technology as an example, statistical comparisons were made from ESI and InCites databases data on distribution trends, journal distribution, faculty contribution, and cooperation using quantitative analysis. At the same time, on the basis of clarifying the current status of the disciplines, the journals of ‘environment/ecology’ were combed. The paper proposes suggestions on developing ‘environment/ecology’ discipline, including optimizing selected contributing journals, increasing output of high-quality articles, enhancing cooperation with international first-class universities and research institutions, regulating agency signature, and promoting academic exchange and influence with institutional repository.

  The Objective Evaluation Index System of Rural Human Settlements’ Environment Quality Wang Qibin, Xia Jiacheng, Yu Lizhi, Zhou Shuntu, Dong Renjie 2020, 10 (8):  71-77.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200100010 Abstract + ( 646 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1099KB )   ( 861 ) To explore the quality evaluation method of rural human settlements’ environment, five first grade indexes (prosperous industries, livable ecology, civilized countryside, effective governance and wealthy life), and 31 second grade indicators are selected to build up the evaluation system from the beautiful countryside perspective. According to the overall score of each village, the villages’ human settlements’ environment qualities are categorized into four levels: excellent, good, fare, and non-satisfied. Six villages in one town of Yantai were investigated. The results show that there are some differences between villages on the overall scores and the first grade indexes reflecting the unbalanced village human settlements’ environment construction. The score of effective governance and wealthy life are relatively low, indicating more efforts are needed to improve the ability of village governance and develop rural economy in multiple ways to increase farmer’s income. The paper puts forward suggestions to promote the quality of rural human settlements’ environment, including formulating the development goal and plan of rural human settlements with village as the spatial unit, establishing the objective index statistical system of rural human settlements based on villages, and giving a full play of the role of rural grass-roots organizations to improve their governance ability, and developing rural economy in multiple ways to increase farmers' income.

  Agricultural Drought Hazard Characteristics in Southern Sichuan During 1989-2019 Zhi Xun, Lin Zhongguan, Sha Li, Li Shi, Su Hang 2020, 10 (8):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900177 Abstract + ( 436 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1660KB )   ( 259 ) To study the risk characteristics of agricultural drought in southern Sichuan in nearly 30 years, based on the precipitation data of summer (June-August) in southern Sichuan (Neijiang, Zigong, Yibin, and Luzhou) from 1989 to 2019, the fuzzy membership function between the precipitation anomaly percentage and agricultural drought hazard levels was formed. By introducing interval average membership degree and combining information diffusion theory, we studied the risk characteristics of agricultural drought in southern Sichuan economic zone. The results showed that: the highest risk of light and moderate agricultural drought was in Luzhou, and the risk level was 21.47% and 15.32%, respectively; the highest level of severe agricultural drought risk was in Zigong with the risk level of 7.58%; the highest level of serious agricultural drought risk was in Yibin with a risk level of 7.47%.

  Analysis on the International Trade Competitiveness of Chinese Kiwi Fruit Wang Senpei, Guo Yaohui 2020, 10 (8):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0009 Abstract + ( 502 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1060KB )   ( 1080 ) In order to meet the challenge of Chinese Kiwi Fruit in international trade competition, this paper summarizes the basic situation of Chinese kiwifruit import and export in recent years, and analyzes the international trade competitiveness of Chinese kiwifruit from three aspects: international market share, trade competitiveness index and revealed symmetric comparative advantage index, and with New Zealand, Italy, Chile, Belgium and other large kiwifruit import and export comparison. The results showed that the international market share of Chinese kiwifruit was 0.17% in 2000-2018, which was much lower than that of New Zealand (40.19%) and Italy (25.33%), the annual average value of apparent comparative advantage of Chinese Kiwifruit is 0.017, which indicates that the comparative advantage of Kiwifruit export is weak. Although the international competitiveness of Chinese kiwifruit has steadily increased in the past 20 years, the trade competitiveness of Chinese kiwifruit is still weak due to the restrictions of trade barriers, production efficiency, product quality and brand, etc. Accordingly, some suggestions were put forward, such as improving the quality of Kiwifruit, strengthening international cooperation, cooperating and innovating, establishing international famous brand and integrating into ‘Belt and Road’.

  On the Protection of Agricultural Cultural Heritage and the Construction of Beautiful Countryside: An Example of Yunnan Cao Mao, Mo Li, Yang Ling 2020, 10 (8):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600077 Abstract + ( 679 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 938KB )   ( 428 ) The 19th CPC national congress puts forward the strategy of rural revitalization. Beautiful countryside is an important embodiment of agricultural civilization, and the cultural and spiritual homeland of the Chinese nation. Taking Yunnan, which has a rich agricultural heritage, as an example, we put forward suggests on excavating important agricultural heritage and constructing beautiful countryside from the aspects of protecting village landscape, unique crop varieties and the publicity of important agricultural heritage.

  Poverty Alleviation Focus and Industrial Pattern in Fuping Shang Dan, Niu Xiting, , Xu Haoyue, Yu Guoxin 2020, 10 (8):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600067 Abstract + ( 509 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1740KB )   ( 864 ) The study sorts out the current development situation of poverty alleviation industry in Fuping County. Based on the development advantages and characteristics, and in accordance with the county’s fundamental industrial development strategy as ‘setting a production and processing base of green and safe agricultural and sideline products’, we analyzed the industrial layout and development direction of forestry and fruit growing, animal husbandry, leisure tourism industry, outlined the key areas and sectors in poverty alleviation industry, and suggested that the large scale development and industrialization should be the breakthrough of the county’s poverty alleviation.