Current issue

• 2021 Vol.11 No.4 Published:20 April 2021

  Forage Quality and Vomitoxin Content of Barley ‘Hua 22’ at Different Growth Stages Huang Shuizhen, Feng Deqing, Huang Xiusheng, Huang Xiaoyun 2021, 11 (4):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200299 Abstract + ( 537 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 320 ) To define the forage quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ in different growth stages, the cutting was performed at jointing stage, late filling stage, milk stage and full ripe stage, and then the determination of normal composition of nutrition, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and vomitoxin content was carried out. The results showed that with the extension of growth period, some data indexes such as crude protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus content dropped significantly from jointing stage to full ripe stage, but there was a significant increase in dry matter and lignin content (P<0.05). The contents of C18: 3n3 in the fatty acid composition, the total amount of amino acids, essential amino acids, flavor amino acids in the amino acid composition were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber fluctuated with stages. They increased significantly from jointing stage to late filling stage(P<0.05), and reached the maximum value at late filling stage, then decreased significantly (P<0.05). It was detected that the vomitoxin content was 560.50μg/kg at full ripe stage, but nothing was detected at jointing stage, late filling stage and milk stage. To sum up, in different growth stages, the nutrient quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ was the best at jointing stage. The crude protein and crude fat contents achieved the maximum value (20.44%, 4.71%), and the crude fiber content was the lowest (20.40%). During this period, the nutritional quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ was similar to that of ryegrass, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). However, when entering the late filling stage, milk stage and full ripe stage, the nutritional quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ was significantly lower than that of ryegrass (P<0.05). Compared with the eared corn stalks, the nutritional quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ is higher at jointing stage and late filling stage, but lower at full ripe stage. In addition, barley ‘Hua 22’ grown in northern Fujian cannot be used as a green fodder in the full ripe stage.

  County-level Cotton Planting Patterns and Fertilization Techniques in Shanxi Chen Mengni, Li Yongshan, Wang Hui, Fan Qiaolan 2021, 11 (4):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300079 Abstract + ( 486 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 437 ) To explore the high yield cultivation of cotton in Shanxi Province, we analyzed the county-level planting patterns in Shanxi and discussed the fertilization techniques of cotton production. Based on China Statistical Yearbook, Shanxi Statistical Yearbook, and the publications on CNKI over the years, the current situation of county-level cotton planting in Shanxi was analyzed. The research showed that the cultivated area in Shanxi had been basically stable since 2010, but the cotton planting area has a significant decrease, the area was only 2870 hm 2, in 2017. Cotton planting has been replaced gradually by the orchard year by year. The main cotton planting areas in Shanxi are distributed in Linfen and Yuncheng, the yield per unit in Yuncheng is relatively high, which is more than 1 t/hm2 in most counties. Based on the publications of CNKI, we summarized 408 papers on cotton planting in Shanxi from 2010 to 2019, and found few reports on the fertilization research of cotton yield increase techniques. Thus, it is suggested to enhance cotton fertilization technique system and establish cotton nutrient expert system to promote a healthy and sustainable development of cotton industry.

  Effect of Different Seedling Cutting Periods on Spring Maize Grain Yield and Plant Traits Wu Guangjun, Huang Zhiyin, Zhang Chao, Zhai Naijia, Qiao Jian, Liu Weixia, Wang Ningning, Lu Duxu, Wang Guangming 2021, 11 (4):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190500064 Abstract + ( 434 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 445 ) To get the optimum cutting period, we studied the regulation effect of different seedling cutting periods on yield traits, root trait, plant height and spike height of spring-maize. Two spring-maize hybrids, ‘Lainong14’ (LN14) and ‘Denghai605’ (DH605), were selected as the experimental materials. The cutting periods of no seedling cutting (CK), and four (SC4), five (SC5), six (SC6), seven (SC7) fully expanded leaves age were set up. Results showed that the grain yield in SC4 of LN14 and DH605 increased respectively by 12.87%, 9.31% in 2017 and 11.31%, 10.15% in 2018 compared with that of CK. But the yield increase of SC5 was not significant. Very few ratooning seedlings were observed at SC6 of LN14, but quickly died. There was no ratooning seedling extraction at SC6 and SC7 of DH605 and SC7 of LN14. Shoot biomass, root numbers and leaf area index increased, plant height and spike height decreased and anti-lodging performance was improved significantly in SC4 of LN14 and DH605. Thus, the optimal seedling cutting time of spring maize to achieve high yield and high plant performance is at four fully expanded leaves age in central Shandong Province.

  Effects of Transplanting Time and Modes on Growth and Qualityof Longyan Flue-cured Tobacco Jiang Daibing, Su Xiufang, Xie Fengbiao, Liao Yanchang, Zeng Wenglong 2021, 11 (4):  19-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700127 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 286 ) To explore the suitable transplanting time and mode in Longyan tobacco area, and further highlight the sweet and sweet fragrant style of Longyan tobacco leaves, field experiments were carried out to study the effects of four transplanting times and two transplanting modes (tobacco planted on mulch film and under mulch film) on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and the quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the quality of tobacco leaves planted under mulch film 10 days earlier than conventional transplanting was the best, followed by tobacco leaves planted on mulch film 10 days earlier than the conventional transplanting, and the quality of tobacco leaves planted under mulch film 10 days later than the conventional transplanting was the worst. The transplanting time of flue-cured tobacco in Lonyan area 10 days earlier than that of conventional transplanting time, combining with transplanting seedlings under mulch film can better show the fragrant style of Lonyan flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality tobacco leaves.

  Flower Color Diversity of Ceiba speciosa and C. insignis in Guangzhou Jin Haixiang, Huang Songyi, Gong Xue, Huang Guilian, Deng Jianzhong, Luo Yiliu 2021, 11 (4):  28-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0202 Abstract + ( 664 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 2911KB )   ( 628 ) Color science is used to study the flower color diversity of Ceiba speciosa and C. insignis, aiming to provide references for flower color classification methods and materials for the cultivation of new excellent varieties. First, the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) was used to calibrate the flower color. Secondly, multiple color systems (Munsell color system and ISCC-NBS Method of designating colors) were adopted for grading and valuation. Finally, the system clustering method was used for color classification. The results show that the color of C. insignis is divided into 4 groups (purple pink, purple red, light purple pink, yellow white), and the color of C. speciosa is divided into 3 groups (purplish pink, reddish purple, purplish red). The color classification method in this study can successfully classify the colors of C. speciosa and C. insignis.

  The Effects of Air Exposure and Recovery on Immune Parameters of Ruditapes philippinarum Wang Yu, Wang Wenwen, Xie Shenhan, Yuan Meng, Ding Xiaoqian, Yan Xiwu, Qin Yanjie 2021, 11 (4):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0157 Abstract + ( 511 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 690 ) Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is often exposed in air during the cultivation and transportation. In order to detect the physiological features of clams suffered from air exposure, we studied the changes of enzyme activities and immunity substances during air exposure and recovery stages. The gills and visceral masses were sampled at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after air exposure and at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after recovery in sea water. The enzyme vitalities and the important immune related substances were tested by the kits, and the clams cultured in sea water all along were considered as controls. The AKP activities of the visceral mass in air exposed clams for 12 h and 24 h were significantly higher than those in control (P<0.05). CAT activities in visceral mass were not different from those of controls. AKP and CAT values in gills were relatively stable during the whole experiment. SOD values were significant higher in visceral mass at 12 h of air exposure, and in gills during recovery for 2 h. MDA levels were significantly higher in visceral mass at 24 h of air exposure, and lower in gills during recovery for 12 h and 24 h than those in controls. NO showed the maximum value at 6 h after recovery in visceral mass and at 48 h of air exposure in gill. According to the results, it is concluded that the antioxidation and immunization are exercised mainly by visceral mass during air exposure. And during recovery process, along with the recovery of respiration and circulation, the gill exercises the antioxidation to some extent, and then the clams quickly return to the normal physiological level.

  Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Cotton Field Cultivation Management Wang Wei, Zheng Shufeng, Xu Daoqing, Liu Xiaoling, Kan Huachun, Chen Min, Li Shuying, Lu Xianyong, Cheng Furu, Lu Xijie 2021, 11 (4):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200023 Abstract + ( 521 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 728 ) Cotton is an important cash crop and raw material for the textile industry in China, and it is the strategic material related to national economy and people's livelihood. However, the mechanization degree of cotton production is relatively low in China and the modernization of cotton industry is still at a slow pace. Small scale cotton planting by households, which is common in the Yellow River Valley and the Yangtze River Valley cotton area, is inefficient. In recent years, as the agricultural UAV industry has developed rapidly in China, agricultural UAV technology can be used as an effective tool to promote the development of intelligent agriculture, and can also provide technical support to the upgrading of mechanization and intelligence of cotton industry. In this study, the present application status of agricultural UAV, particularly its application in field management of cotton pest control, chemical regulation, and chemical accelerated boll maturation and defoliation were summarized. In addition, main problems and development prospects of agricultural UAV were discussed, to provide certain references for the development and application of UAV technology in cotton production in China.

  Orthogonal Test Method to Optimize Extraction Technology of Water Chestnut Polysaccharide Li Jiao, Liu Yue, Liu Dejiang, Zhang Hao, Sun Honglai, Cheng Haitao 2021, 11 (4):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0003 Abstract + ( 506 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1260KB )   ( 475 ) Water chestnut polysaccharide has a variety of pharmacological activities. In order to optimize the best process condition for extracting Trapa bispinosa polysaccharide by hot water extraction, in this study, the extraction rate of Trapa bispinosa polysaccharides is taken as an index, and the material-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time are selected as influencing factors. Based on the comprehensive single-factor experiment, the L9 (34) orthogonal experiment is used to optimize the process, and the phenol-sulfuric acid method is used to determine the polysaccharide content. The results show that the extraction rate of polysaccharide increases first and then decreases with the increase of the ratio of material to liquid. When the ratio of material to liquid is 1:30, the extraction rate is the highest (2.72%). When the extraction temperature is 70℃, the extraction rate of polysaccharide is the highest (2.96%). When the extraction time is 120 minutes, the extraction rate is the highest (1.81%), and then the extraction rate decreased. Based on the above single factor test results, an orthogonal test is carried out, and the best extraction process for Trapa bispinosa polysaccharide is 1:30, the extraction temperature is 60℃, and the extraction time is 120 min. The extraction process of Trapa bispinosa polysaccharide by hot water extraction is simple and practical, and the process of extracting Trapa bispinosa polysaccharide can be formulated according to the process conditions.

  Determination of Ergosterol in Fungi and Its Products by HPLC Wang Xiaoqin, Huang Xiuli, Chen Yuejing, Luo Xuan, Hu Jiashan, Weng Jia 2021, 11 (4):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000244 Abstract + ( 704 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 649 ) The aim is to find out the characteristic indexes of fungi and its products for quality evaluation and adulteration identification. The HPLC method was established for determining ergosterol in fungi and its products. With the established HPLC method, the contents of ergosterol were determined in fungi and its products (Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum spores powder), spirulina and six kinds of plant oil, such as soybean oil. The results showed that there was a good linearity in the range of 5-160 μg/mL of ergosterol, the correlation coefficient was more than 0.999, the detection limit was 0.1 μg/mL, and the average recovery was from 86.32% to 105.24%. Ergosterol was not determined in spirulina and six kinds of plant oil (such as soybean oil), while it was detected in fungi and its products. Ergosterol had specificity in fungi and its products. This study suggests that the method is simple and sensitive, and has good repeatability and stability, thus it can be adopted to quantitatively analyze ergosterol in fungi and its products.

  Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes and Driving Forces of Land Use in Shandong Province Based on Remote Sensing Huang Baohua 2021, 11 (4):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0064 Abstract + ( 442 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1535KB )   ( 337 ) Based on the land use data of seven periods in Shandong Province, included 1970s, 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, used the land use dynamic degree, structural change and land use type transfer matrix to study the ecological environment change caused by human land use activities. The results showed that the land use types change greatly from 1970s to 2015 in Shandong Province, except for the rapid increase of construction land, cultivated land, forest land, grassland and unused land were all decreased in different degrees, and cultivated land was the main type of land. The increase of information entropy, the decrease of dominance and the increase of equilibrium indicated that the difference of land use types was reduced, and the dominance of single land use type was decreased; the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use was 0.12, which belonged to the very slow type of land use. In the single land use dynamic degree, cultivated land, forest land and grassland were used very slowly. The dynamic degree of construction land in construction land was 7.07, which changed the most in the dynamic degree of construction land. The change of land use type mainly showed that cultivated land turned to construction land, water area and unused land turned to cultivated land and construction land, and water area turned to unused land. Cultivated land and grassland had significant negative correlation with GDP(X1), primary industry(X2), secondary industry(X3) and tertiary industry(X4); construction land had significant positive correlation with X1, X2, X3 and X4; unused land had significant negative correlation with X1, X2 and X3.

  Forecasting Method of Kiwifruit Ripening Period Under Facility Irrigation Liu Zhongxin, Song Yun 2021, 11 (4):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0237 Abstract + ( 542 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1183KB )   ( 361 ) Based on the data of soluble solid content of kiwifruit collected in the later period of kiwifruit growth, the maturity entropy of kiwifruit was designed and calculated by using the meteorological data in the earlier period. The accumulated temperature ≥0℃ and the accumulated sunshine time from the second day of the end flowering period to the day before the test date were selected as the meteorological factors to calculate the entropy of kiwifruit ripening, the formula for calculating the maturity entropy index (H) was obtained as: H=0.28ΣT+0.72ΣS, to establish the regression equation between the content of soluble solid and the entropy of kiwifruit ripening: G=-3.9875+0.0060H. According to the regression equation, the minimum error was 0.03%, the maximum error was -0.96%, and the average error was 0.083%. According to the requirement of kiwifruit ripeness for soluble solid content ≥8.0%, the maturity entropy of kiwifruit was calculated to be 1949.06, and the error of kiwifruit ripeness prediction was -1~2 days in 2017-2019, with an average error of 0.7 days (delayed) . This method can be used to calculate the soluble solid content of kiwifruit in the current period according to the meteorological factors. Combined with the forecast of the later meteorological elements, the ripening period of kiwifruit could be calculated and predicted in advance, it could also forecast the ripening period and the marketing period of kiwifruit in advance, and avoid the damage to the brand image of kiwifruit caused by early harvest.

  The Climate Characteristics and Evaluation of Growth Adaptability of the Citrus in Nanchong Xian Tiejun, He Zhen, Peng Changjia, Tang Yilin, Li Ming, Yuan Jiayang 2021, 11 (4):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0105 Abstract + ( 519 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1556KB )   ( 629 ) To further improve the production of the late-maturing citrus in Nanchong, and provide scientific reference for the local government to formulate medium and long-term development plans for the citrus industry, this paper adopted statistical analysis method to analyze the climate adaptability of citrus in Nanchong, such as its growth and development, and the occurrence of diseases and pests by reference to the meteorological historical data of Nanchong, including topography, water resources, temperature, precipitation and light. The results show that the meteorological conditions in Nanchong are suitable to the growth of late-maturing citrus. In view of this, this paper puts forward scientific cultivation management and pest control measures, which might guide the development of “Nanchong citrus” industry to a new stage.

  Review on Agricultural Standardization in China Ma Hongzhen, Zhao Hongxia, Yu Lizhi, Xu Ruizhi 2021, 11 (4):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200100013 Abstract + ( 535 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1009KB )   ( 431 ) Agricultural standardization is a significant symbol of the development level of modern agriculture and plays an important role in improving the quality and enhancing the international competitiveness of agricultural products and promoting the quality of agriculture and rural revitalization. In this paper, the main function and construction related research of agricultural standardization were reviewed, the research situation of constructing and perfecting agricultural standardization system in China were summarized, the ways and measures of strengthening the implementation of agricultural standardization were discussed, and the agricultural standardization talent training mechanism in line with the international standards was explored.

  Research on Rural Smart Pension Service System Wei Lanlan 2021, 11 (4):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0240 Abstract + ( 570 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1105KB )   ( 496 ) As a new pension model, smart pension is the combination of the advantages of contemporary information technology and the way of traditional pension. The application of “Internet +” in the field of elderly care will provide a realistic way for solving the increasingly serious aging problem in rural areas. Starting from the basic connotation of smart pension, this paper showed the construction of a multi-level service system for “caring” the old and “helping” the old by analyzing the necessity and feasibility of building smart endowment service system in rural areas. Furthermore, it analyzed the restrictive factors of the development of rural smart pension service from the dimensions of development stage, infrastructure construction, top-level design and the old people’s own factors, and put forward proposals to revitalize rural economy, strengthen the top-level design, improve the product’s adaptation level and transform old people’s traditional endowment concept, aiming to provide a solution to the rural aging problem.

  Industry Development Supported by National Key R&D Program of China: Take the Specific Funding of R&D of Synthesis Technique for Reduction and Synergy of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides as an Example Zhang Kai, Zhang Zhao, Xu Ning, Zhong Dasen, Feng Tuizi 2021, 11 (4):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19050061 Abstract + ( 738 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1007KB )   ( 395 ) Management reform of central fiscal investment for science and technology has accomplished stage tasks. Aiming at how to promote industry development with these integrated central funds, this review introduces initial exploration, stage effect, typical cases and managerial experiences of the specific funding of Research and Development of Synthesis Technique for Reduction and Synergy of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides. Besides, we also discuss following work such as forging the county model for scientific and technological support, improving comprehensive performance evaluation mechanism focusing on solving practical issues, consolidating joint efforts model, summarizing significant breakthroughs, carrying out strategic studies based on strategic research, seeking stable funding, supporting the strategy of rural vitalization and green growth, etc., hoping to provide references for relevant administrative departments and researchers.

  The Theory and Practice of Promoting the Transformation of Agricultural Industry through Biotechnology: The Development of "High Yield, High Quality, High Efficiency, Ecology and Safety" Agriculture in Taizhou Zhang Chi 2021, 11 (4):  93-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0163 Abstract + ( 416 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1001KB )   ( 409 ) In agricultural production, the use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides can increase the total yield and the yield per unit area, but affect the safety of agricultural products and the protection of ecological environment. In order to solve this problem, the agricultural operation mechanism should be innovated, to develop biological agricultural technology, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of agriculture, and promote the agricultural development with the characteristics of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety”. Taizhou San'an Heheng Organic Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative has carried out a great deal of research on this subject in the past 10 years, using biological technology to cultivate 2670 hm 2 of rice. The national authorities have conducted tests on more than 200 items of chemical residues and pollutants in the mature crops produced by the cooperative, and the rice quality has reached the GB/T 19630 standard of Zero Agricultural Chemical Residue and Low Pollutant Limit. The practice of San'an Heheng Organic Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative has proved that the integrated technology of biological agriculture can not only obtain the rice output equivalent to chemical production mode, but also produce safe agricultural products. At the same time, it can protect the ecological environment, increase farmers’ income, improve agricultural efficiency, and finally realize the goal of "high quality, high yield, high efficiency, ecology and safety" in agriculture.

  On the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products in Tianjin Liu Yetong, Zhang Wei, Chen Qiusheng, Zhang Qiang, Yin Ping, Guo Yongze 2021, 11 (4):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700120 Abstract + ( 336 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1087KB )   ( 334 ) The quality and safety of agricultural products has a bearing on people’s health. It is a hot issue not only to the public concern but also to people's livelihood. At present in Tianjin, there is still a gap between the unbalanced and insufficient development of green and high-quality agricultural products and the growing diversified consumption demand of the people. This paper summarizes the general situation of the quality and safety of agricultural products in Tianjin, analyzes the shortcomings of the quality and safety of agricultural products at the present stage, and puts forward a series of suggestions from the aspects of implementing supervision responsibility, strengthening industry management and enterprises’ self-discipline.