Current issue

• 2021 Vol.11 No.5 Published:20 May 2021

  Regulation Technology in Maize Low Temperature Stress: Research Advances Wang Li, Lu Yuncai 2021, 11 (5):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200286 Abstract + ( 505 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1026KB )   ( 404 ) The northeast region is the main corn production area in China, and low temperature stress is a key limiting factor for corn production. Cold stress not only affects the physiological and metabolic processes of maize, but also inhibits the accumulation of organic matter in corn. Therefore, reducing the impact of cold stress damage on corn yield has become one of the major factors to achieve high and stable corn yield. Here, the low-temperature control technology, the mechanism of growth and development, the relevant factors of maize germination under low-temperature stress were reviewed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for corn resistance to cold damage.

  Soybean Variety ‘Henong 85’ with High Oil and High Yield, Multiple Resistance and Wide Adaptability: Study on Breeding Guo Meiling, Guo Tai, Wang Zhixin, Zheng Wei, Li Candong, Zhao Haihong, Zhang Zhenyu, Liu Zhongtang 2021, 11 (5):  5-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700128 Abstract + ( 1671 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 568 ) The paper aims to select a soybean variety with high oil, high yield, multiple resistance and wide adaptability. A new soybean variety ‘Henong 85’ was bred by the combination of molecular design and cross breeding, and was approved and popularized by Heilongjiang and the National Crop Variety Examination and Approval Committee in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The 100-grain weight of ‘Henong 85’ was 22-25 g, the oil content was 22.60%, the protein content was 38.40%; medium anti-SCSH and SMVⅠ strains were resistant to Phytophthora sojae; it was suitable for planting in the middle and early maturing area of spring soybean in northern China. In the provincial variety experiment, the average yield of the regional test was 3020.8 kg/hm2, 12.6% higher than that of the control variety ‘Hefeng 55 (Hejiao 02-69)’, and the average yield of the production test was 2864.6 kg/hm2, 12.0% higher than that of the control ‘Hefeng 55 (Hejiao 02-69)’. In the national variety experiment, the average yield of the regional test was 3087.0 kg/hm2, 9.3% higher than that of average A of the control and the control variety ‘Hejiao 02-69’, and the average yield of the production test was 3187.5 kg/hm2, 8.1% higher than that of the control ‘Hejiao 02-69’. In conclusion, the breeding of ‘Henong 85’ not only provides a new oil variety for soybean production, but also explores new methods and paths for breeding and resource utilization of soybean variety with high oil.

  Virus-free Potato Varieties in Aeroponics: Comparative Analysis Liao Feifei, Liu Xinggui, Wang Kexiu, Du Yongli, Xiong Hu, Zhang Deyin 2021, 11 (5):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100278 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 321 ) To select the potato varieties suitable for the aeroponics production of pre-basic seeds in southern Sichuan, the agronomic traits and yield of seven virus-free plantlets of potato varieties were compared with the control ‘Favorita’ in aeroponics. The results showed that the tuber number per plant of ‘Zao dabai’ and ‘Zhongshu 19’ was 10.4 and 10.1, respectively, increased by 33.3% and 29.5% compared with that of the control. Evaluating comprehensively, ‘Zaodabai’ and ‘Zhongshu 19’ show better agronomic traits and higher yield among the tested varieties, which are suitable for pre-basic seeds production in aeroponics.

  Screening and Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Rice False Smut Caused by Ustilaginoidea virens Fu Yuhang, Ma Hui, Cai Junsong, Peng Furong, Bi Chaowei 2021, 11 (5):  18-21.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200323 Abstract + ( 495 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 334 ) The study aims to screen out effective fungicides against rice false smut (caused by Ustilaginoidea virens) by indoor toxicity determination and field efficacy trial. Indoor toxicities of 9 fungicides against U. viren were tested by using mycelium growth rate method, and the control effects of 7 fungicides on rice false smut were detect in field trials. Indoor toxicity data revealed that epoxiconazole, pyraclostrobin, prothioconazole, azoxystrobin, propiconazole, prochloraz and tebuconazole had obvious inhibitory effect with EC50 value of less than 0.20 μg/mL. Field trial results demonstrated that 430 g/L tebuconazole SC of 96.75 g a.i./hm2, 125 g/L epoxiconazole SC of 84.4 g a.i./hm2, 250 g/L azoxystrobin SC of 225.0 g a.i./hm2had excellent control effect of 83.59%, 82.77%, 81.13%, respectively. Therefore, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin are ideal fungicides for controlling rice false smut, and could be recommended to application in field.

  ‘Zheshu 255’: Resistance to Stem Base Rot and Main Cultivation Techniques Liu Yenan, Liu Weiming 2021, 11 (5):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0114 Abstract + ( 430 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 199 ) To give full play to the role of disease-resistant cultivars in the prevention and control of the stem base rot of sweet potato, different cultivars including ‘Zheshu 255’ were identified and screened and subsequently the characteristics of the selected disease-resistant cultivars were observed and the main cultivation techniques were studied using disease-resistant identification in disease nursery, production demonstration and multi-point verification methods. The results showed that ‘Zheshu 255’ planted in the area where sweet potato stem rot occurred were strongly disease-resistant and the disease incidence was low. The above ground part of ‘Zheshu 255’ grew faster at the early stage, but the tuberlization of this cultivar was late; the stems were long and thin; the number of tubers per plant was about 3; the harvest began in late October and the rate of large-and-medium sized tubers with spindle shape was high. The sweet potatoes were soft and nice in taste with light-red skin and orange-colored meat and general-storability. In the research, cutting density, urea consumption and potassium sulfate consumption were selected as three main agronomic factors, and the field was arranged with a single-lattice design, and the regression mathematical model of three test factors on the yield and net output value was established. The model analysis shows that the cutting density of 42000-48000 plants/hm2, the topdressing urea of 185-210 kg/hm2, and the basal fertilizer potassium sulfate of 225-300 kg/hm2 are appropriate for ‘Zheshu 255’ under the experimental conditions.

  The Application of Cyclodextrin in Pesticide Processing: A Review Hao Baoqiang, Cheng Hongyan, Yan Dongdong, Li Yuan, Wang Qiuxia, Cao Aocheng, Ouyang Canbin 2021, 11 (5):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200030 Abstract + ( 471 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1071KB )   ( 248 ) In the process of pest control, in order to solve the problems affecting the use of some pesticides, such as short persistent period, poor convenience, high toxicity and poor control effect, the pesticide controlled release formulations came into being, which is regarded as being able to solve these defects to some extent. The application of cyclodextrin as a pesticide carrier was reviewed, including the application in bactericide, insecticide, herbicide and other agricultural chemicals. 5 preparation methods of cyclodextrin and pesticide inclusion complex were concluded, including ultrasonic method, trituration, freeze drying, coprecipitation method and co-solvent method. At last, the research direction of cyclodextrin in pesticide processing in future was provided.

  Land Use Patterns: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in the Western Heilongjiang Zhang Tong, Liu Yufei, Sui Xin, Song Fuqiang 2021, 11 (5):  33-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700110 Abstract + ( 299 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 296 ) The paper aims to reveal the impact of land use patterns on soil quality. Taking soils of 3land use patterns in western Heilongjiang as research objects, we determined the soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities. The results showed that: the land use patterns caused the change of soil physical and chemical properties: the sand content of farmland was higher than that of forest and grassland; the clay content of upper and lower layers were grassland>forest>farmlan; the differences between total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen were significant, farmland>forest>grassland; the change rules of soil nutrients (SOC, TN, TP, NH4+-N, NO3--N) in different soil layers were consistent, showing upper layer>lower layer; there were significant changes in soil enzyme activities in different land use patterns, but the changes were inconsistent. Correlation analysis showed that: the soil nutrient and enzyme activity showed significant or extremely significant correlation, indicating that soil nutrients might be the main cause of differences in soil enzyme activities, and might affect the circulation of C and N in the western Heilongjiang.

  The Effect of Heavy Metal Accumulation on Plant and Herbivore Interaction: A Review Huang Jiangnan, Chen Yumeng, Huang Yue, Wei Jiqian 2021, 11 (5):  42-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0220 Abstract + ( 335 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1035KB )   ( 232 ) The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for integrated pest management. We summarized the effect of heavy metal accumulation on herbivores, and concluded the mechanism of heavy metal accumulation affecting plant defense against herbivores. Meanwhile, we also analyzed the effect of herbivores attacking on the accumulation of heavy metal. We thought that the mechanism of heavy metal affecting plant and herbivore interactions is still unclear, and pointed out that the importance and necessity of studying the effect of heavy metal accumulation on herbivores in natural condition.

  Enhancing Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Resistant Microorganisms: Research Progress Zhang Wenxing, Yue Xiaolan, Deng Qiang, Chen Wenxiang, Zhang Zhouwei, Huang Yuanling, Tan Wei, He Hai 2021, 11 (5):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0104 Abstract + ( 313 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1063KB )   ( 284 ) The dissolution and complexation of heavy metals by resistant microorganisms can improve the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, thus enhancing the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals by plants. In addition, plant hormones secreted by resistant microorganisms can promote plant growth, expand biomass, and further improve the efficiency of phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soil. Therefore, the mechanism and practical application of resistant microorganisms in strengthening phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soil were reviewed, and the shortcomings and future research directions were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis and a new way to develop and improve the phytoremediation measures of resistant microorganisms.

  Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Loess Hilly Region in High Flow Year Zhang Yong, Li Yanjun, Du Yi 2021, 11 (5):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0022 Abstract + ( 298 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 197 ) By setting up standard runoff plots to carry on long-term positioning monitoring, the authors explored the effect of different land use on slope runoff and sediment production under natural rainfall condition, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for watershed land use plan, comprehensive management of soil erosion, and improvement of ecological environment. Based on 8 runoff plots with 2 slopes and 6 different land use types, natural rainfall and runoff observation were conducted. The results showed that (1) the rainfall in the experiment period was higher than that of the average rainfall in the same period of many years, which was a high glow year, and the rainfall distribution of the year was larger than that of the average rainfall in many years; (2) the amount of runoff was significantly different under different land use patterns, the amount of runoff under different land use was the highest in bare slope land when the slope was 15°, followed by slope cropland and grassland; the amount of runoff under 18° was followed the order of bare slope land >grassland > forest plot (Pinus tabuliformis Carrière) > shrub plot (Rosa xanthina Lindl); (3) the land use patterns influenced clearly the amount of sediment, the amount of sediment under 15° slope followed the order of bare slope land > flax > potato > grassland; while as to 18° slope, the amount of sediment from the shrub plot and forest plot was the least, which was 0.30 t/hm2, and the amount of sediment from the bare slope was the highest, which was 92.08 times of that of forest plot; the effect of reducing runoff and sediment in forest and grass was obvious. The study could provide reference for ecological reconstruction, and land use plan for small watersheds in the upper reaches of Fenhe River.

  Interannual Dynamics of Tobacco Planting Area in Sichuan Province from 1999 to 2018 Bian Jianfeng, Yan Fangfang, Chen Guantao, Liu Yang, Feng Wenlong, Luo Wanlin, Wang Xie 2021, 11 (5):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0216 Abstract + ( 340 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 339 ) To clarify the interannual dynamics and driving factors of tobacco planting area in Sichuan Province, the planting area and yield of tobacco and flue-cured tobacco in Sichuan from 1999 to 2018 were statistically analyzed. Three macroeconomic indicators, including per capita GDP, added value of the primary industry and tax revenue, and five farmland land use indicators, including grain, oil, cotton, bast fiber and sugar crop planting area, were selected to construct the index system that significantly affect tobacco planting area. The results showed that: (1) from 1999 to 2018, the planting area and yield of tobacco in Sichuan increased at first and then decreased; (2) from 1999 to 2018, the proportion of planting area of flue-cured tobacco increased, while that of air-cured tobacco decreased year by year; (3) from 1999 to 2005, the yield of tobacco leaf per unit area in Sichuan increased continuously, and then maintained above the level of 2 t/hm2; (4) the planting area of tobacco was positively correlated with the added value of primary industry and tax revenue, and had a negative correlation with cotton planting area and sugar crop planting area; (5) the regression equation with the lowest AIC in the range of significant difference was obtained by using stepwise regression analysis: Stobacco sown area= -564.100+ 0.005×GDP per capita + 0.169×Stotal sown area of crops- 0.129×Sgrain sown area + 0.164×Soil sown area+ 5.166×Sbast fiber crops sown area- 4.469×Ssugar sown area- 0.178×Svegetable sown area- 0.616×Stea garden area- 0.323×Sorchard area. The results suggest that the tobacco planting area in Sichuan will be affected by economic development, crop planting structure and other factors.

  The Variation Regularity of Composition of Herbaceous Plants Along Green Space and Its Correlation with Environmental Characteristics in Yuncheng City Wang Song, Wang Jun, Bo Wei, Kang Hongmei, Wang Jin 2021, 11 (5):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0096 Abstract + ( 367 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1771KB )   ( 307 ) The study aims to understand the composition and the variation of composition of herbaceous plants along green space and their correlation with environmental impact factors in Yuncheng City. The interspecific correlation and variation rule of the composition of herbaceous plants along green space were analyzed on the basis of field investigation, and data of the relationship between plant distribution and environmental characteristics were studied by canonical correspondence analysis. The results showed that 22 herbaceous plants were found, belonging to 12 families and 19 genera. Almost all species pairs had a certain degree of correlation. Liliaceae was the dominant family, and Iris and Hemerocallis were the dominant genus. Hemerocallis fulva and Iris tectorum, etc. were the dominant species, especially Iris tectorum had the highest important value. The number of herbaceous plant species showed a para-curve distribution mode of “low-high-low” with the increase of green space, and was the highest at green space of 16.40 hm2. The area and landscape type of sample plots had great influence on the distribution of Phragmites communis and Dahlia pinnata. The sample area should be set at least 20 hm2. At last, it was found that among the four environmental characteristics, the surrounding environment and the landscape type were strongly correlated with the distribution of herbaceous plants.

  Development of Special Modified Atmosphere Packaging for Fresh-cut Rape Feng Yanyan, Wang Qingguo 2021, 11 (5):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100258 Abstract + ( 403 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1315KB )   ( 172 ) To meet the needs of fresh-cut rape packaging, this paper adopted the combination of the packaging bags with the modified atmosphere (MA) windows of different permeability and different areas to conduct the tests, and through the analysis of the sensory quality and gas composition in the packaging bags of fresh-cut rape, developed the optimum modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of fresh-cut rape. The results showed that the suitable MA window for fresh-cut rape was: the transmittance rates of O2 and CO2 were 4×105 and 1.6×106 cm3/(m2·d·atm), respectively; the area of rape needed was 2~6 cm2/kg. Comparing the permeability of modified atmosphere window and film, the permeability amount of O2 and CO2 in packaging bags suitable for fresh-cut rape should be 2.08×103-2.99×103 and 0.96×104-1.32×104cm3/(kg·d·atm) respectively, which could solve the problem of odor and maintain shelf quality for more than 5 days. When the appropriate gas concentration of fresh-cut rape was reached, O2 was 6.50%-9.69% and CO2 was 6.46%-7.10%. The MAP bag can not only improve the storage quality of fresh-cut rape and make fresh-cut rape in the appropriate gas state, but also solve the odor problem caused by anaerobic breathing, and retain the original smell of fresh-cut rape and prolong the shelf life.

  MRP Protein Family of Foxtail Millet: Analysis of Sequence Characteristics, Molecular Evolution and Expression Pattern Gao Hao, Man Xiaxia, Sun Zhaoxia, Han Yuanhuai, Li Hongying, Hou Siyu, Guo Shujin 2021, 11 (5):  74-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0059 Abstract + ( 409 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 2011KB )   ( 216 ) The aims are to study the gene structure and expression patterns of folate transport family members, and establish the foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of folate transport in foxtail millet. Bioinformatics analysis of MRP family members was carried out with Phytozome, Clustal X, MEGA7.0 and other online tools and software. Based on the transcriptome sequencing data of foxtail millet, the expression patterns of foxtail millet MRP family members were analyzed. The results show that there are 21 foxtail millet MRP protein family members, most of which are distributed on chromosome 7, with 8 genes; 17 MRP proteins are alkaline and 4 proteins are acidic, and they are all hydrophilic proteins according to the hydrophobic value. The expression of SiMRP7 and SiMRP12 genes and the total folate content in foxtail millet tissue have a synergistic decrease trend, and these two proteins might play a regulatory role in the accumulation in foxtail millet. This study further identifies folate transport-related proteins, and could provide a theoretical basis for future research on folate metabolism pathway and gene mining.

  Risk Division of Meteorological Disasters for Tobacco Planting in Jiangxi: Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Liu Zhiping, Yu Jianhua, Zhou Yu, Long Yuliang, Zhan Huabin 2021, 11 (5):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100282 Abstract + ( 325 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 7222KB )   ( 58 ) Observation data of about 40 meteorological stations in the central and southern Jiangxi Province from 1959 to 2018 were used to explore the risk division of the meteorological disasters for tobacco planting, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In order to get an accurate and elaborate division, the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS was adopted and the full growth period indicators of tobacco were taken into the study. The results showed that: in the weight order, the major meteorological disasters affecting tobacco planting in the central and southern Jiangxi were rainstorm, hail, continuous rainfall, low temperature freezing and heat injury, among which, rainstorm risk was higher in the east than that of in the west, and the risk of hail was higher in the northwest than that in the southeast, and the risk of continuous rain was higher in the west than that in the east with a decreasing trend from north to south, besides the risk of low-temperature freezing disaster and heat injury was higher in the north than the south, and was evenly distributed from east to west. Generally speaking, the comprehensive risk of meteorological disasters in tobacco planting areas in Jiangxi is distributed high in the north and low in the south, and the high-risk areas of comprehensive meteorological disasters are mainly distributed in the northern areas of Fuzhou and Ji'an. The results could minimize the impact of meteorological disasters on tobacco production in Jiangxi.

  Temperature and Relative Humidity Forecast Model of Greenhouse Grape Under Different Weather Types Xiao Yang, Wang Guan, Yuan Shujie, Yu Fei 2021, 11 (5):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0258 Abstract + ( 316 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 213 ) To obtain the temperature and relative humidity in greenhouse during each grape growth period in advance, give farmers enough time to adjust greenhouse management measures and reduce the risk of meteorological disasters, this paper compared the observation data inside and outside the greenhouse from November 2018 to June 2019. Correlations between temperature and relative humidity inside the greenhouse and meteorological elements outside the greenhouse under different weather types were analyzed, and hourly temperature and relative humidity forecast model in the greenhouse were established through the stepwise regression method. The results show that the temperature and relative humidity inside the greenhouse have the correlations with temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration outside the greenhouse of different levels. On sunny and cloudy days, the correlation coefficients between the factors inside and outside the greenhouse are mostly above 0.3. The correlations are higher and the maximum correlation coefficients are more than 0.9, while the correlations in cloudy days are low. R2 of hourly temperature and relative humidity forecast models in the greenhouse are mostly above 0.5. The RSME between the result of the temperature forecast model and the measured value is less than or equal to 3.7℃, and the MAE ≤2.9℃. The RSME of the model-forecasted relative humidity and the measured value are less than or equal to 13.3%, and the MAE ≤10.6%. To conclude, the models filled in the blank of the temperature and relative humidity forecast of the greenhouse grape in each growth period in this area, and could provide scientific reference for field management.

  Effect of Industrial Integration on County Economic Development: A Case Study of Anyue in Sichuan Yang Yunlong, Zhang Xinhan 2021, 11 (5):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0271 Abstract + ( 391 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 453 ) Promoting the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas is an important measure to implement the strategy of Rural Revitalization and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. It is also a common practice in many developed countries to promote the development of agricultural industry. Anyue County in Sichuan Province is a typical agricultural county in western China. The authors deeply explore the practice, experience, problems and shortcomings of Anyue County in promoting the development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, aiming to take Anyue County as an example to study the role of industrial integration in promoting county economic development. Results show that the Anyue County has achieved some progress in optimizing the industrial structure, promoting agricultural product processing, and developing rural leisure activities, but there are still problems like low level of agricultural scale, a not well established service system of science and technology, and uncoordinated development of the industries. Based on the study, the authors put forward suggestions on industrial integration and advancement of Anyue County, such as upgrading the industries, accelerating agricultural industrialization, cultivating and expanding the new type of industrial subjects, as well as making up the short board of rural development.