Current issue

• 2021 Vol.11 No.6 Published:20 June 2021

  “Past and Present” of ‘Koshihikari’ Rice Variety Wang Wumei, Wang Hui, Zhang Xiaozhong, Du Shiyun 2021, 11 (6):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0261 Abstract + ( 1409 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF ( 1464KB )   ( 529 ) ‘Koshihikari’ is a short-grain rice variety. It has been promoted in Japan since 1953 and is the favorite rice of Japanese. Even after more than 50 years of widespread planting, it is still the largest variety of rice planted and promoted in Japan due to its excellent rice quality and long-term consumer reputation. To fully understand the breeding process of ‘Koshihikari’ variety and its unique agronomic traits, and control the genomic information of favorable traits, we used the article “Koshihikari: a premium short-grain rice cultivar - its expansion and breeding in Japan” as the main reference for excerpts and translates, sorted out the history of the variety, and put forward thoughts on the current breeding of high-quality rice in China.

  Effects of Wheat-Cotton Cycled Straw Returning on Biomass and Nutrient Uptake of Cotton Zhang Fan, Zhou Qijun, Guan Li, Song Zhijun, Yang Chunling 2021, 11 (6):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100264 Abstract + ( 472 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 218 ) The aim is to define the effect of wheat-cotton cycled straw returning on yield, biomass and nutrients accumulation of cotton, and to reveal the feasibility of potassium replacement. The application rate of wheat straw was designed as 4500 and 9000 kg/hm2(W4500 and W9000) respectively in cotton season and the application rate of cotton straw was designed as 7500 kg/hm2 in wheat reason. Additionally, K fertilizer rates were designed as K2O 150 and 300 kg/hm2 (K150 and K300) only in cotton season. The control was designed without straw returning and K fertilizer in both seasons. Results showed that compared with control, cycled total wheat-cotton straw returning significantly increased boll number, boll weight and lint yield of cotton. Biomass and NPK absorption of cotton were also significantly improved. The total wheat-cotton straw returning was more effective in promoting yield and nutrient uptake than the half wheat-cotton straw returning treatment, and was equal to K150 treatment, but significantly less effective than K300 treatment. Cycled wheat-cotton straw returning promoted K absorption much greater than N and P absorption. Cycled wheat-cotton straw returning could delay the premature senescence of cotton with potassium deficiency. So, chemical potassium fertilizer could be partly replaced by it.

  One Year and Multipoint Comparative Test of ‘Xisen 6’ Wang Zhenzhen, Liang Xisen, Sun Shasha, Zhang Zhikai, Cui Changlei, Chen Xiaohui, Liang Zhaokun, Hu Baigeng 2021, 11 (6):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200312 Abstract + ( 754 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 495 ) To innovate the adjusting model of potato planting structure, improve planting benefits, and speed up the popularization and application of the potato variety ‘Xisen 6’ in China, variety demonstration tests were conducted in Tianshui and Dingxi of Gansu, and Wufeng, Xingshan, Badong Chazidian, Jianshi Longping, Lichuan, Tianchishan, Zhushan of Hubei, by taking local main varieties as control, to observe and verify the stability and adaptability of the comprehensive traits of ‘Xisen 6’. Compared with main local varieties, the tests showed that, except Dingxi, Xingshan and Zhushan had small yield increase (3.13%, 7.71%, and 6.91%, respectively), the remaining 6 test sites had significantly higher yield increase than the control, the yield increase in Tianchishan was 36.01%, in Badong was 48.37%, in Jianshi Longping was 34.39%, in Wufeng was 51.60%, in Lichuan was 28.66%, and in Tianshui was 28.63%. It is indicated that ‘Xisen 6’ has strong adaptability, can grow and mature normally in all test sites, and its yield is higher than that of main local varieties.

  No Film Mulching Drip Irrigation in Southern Xinjiang: Effects on Cotton Seedling Emergence and Growth Index Wen Qinglin, Liu Shaodong 2021, 11 (6):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400001 Abstract + ( 588 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 258 ) To explicit the effects of no film mulching on the cotton emergence, growth index and yield in desert oasis zone in southern Xinjiang, split block design was used with the cultivation methods of film mulching and no film mulching assigned as the main plots, and the cotton varieties of ‘CCRI619’, ‘XZ48’ and ‘CCR174’ assigned as the sub plots. We studied the emergency, plant traits, growth index and yield of cotton by the methods of field experiment and laboratory analysis. The results showed that: (1) under no film mulching, the seed germination, the top soil breaking capacity, the emergency rate decreased, and the uniformity of seedling was bad; (2) compared with the film mulching, the no film mulching significantly reduced the economic output of cotton groups, extremely and significantly reduced the population biomass, and had a little effect on the plant traits and dry matter partition of cotton; (3) there was no significant difference of seed cotton yield per plant between the film mulching and no film mulching, whereas, under no film mulching, significant differences of seed cotton per plant and the economic yield of population were found among the three varieties, showing the yield of ‘CCRI619’ significantly higher than that of the other two. The ‘CCRI619’ is suitable for no film mulching cultivation of cotton in southern Xinjiang.

  PEG Simulating Drought Stress: Effect on Physiological Characteristics of Symphytum officinale Leaves Liu Yonghua, Li Xianhua, Cui Fan, Liu Cuiying 2021, 11 (6):  25-28.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300045 Abstract + ( 504 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 355 ) To study the physiological changes of Symphytum officinale leaves under PEG simulating drought stress, different concentrations of PEG (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 20%, 25%) were set up. The soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, free proline content, peroxidase activity and superoxide dismutase activity were measured. The results showed that with the increase of PEG concentrations (0%~25%), the soluble sugar content, the soluble protein content, POD activity and SOD activity increased first and then decreased. When the PEG concentration increased to 10%, POD activity and SOD activity reached the highest value, 270.3 U/(g·min) and 1167.7 U/g, respectively; the soluble sugar content and the soluble protein content was up to the maximum, 1.9 μg/g, 236.2 μg/g, respectively. The free proline content decreased first and then increased with the increase of PEG concentrations. When the concentration was 10%, the proline content reached the lowest value of 20.3 μg/g. It indicates that Symphytum officinale has a certain drought resistance, and it could alleviate the damage suffered through own adjustment ability in mild drought environment.

  Salt Tolerance of Peanut Varieties at Seedling Stage: Assessment and Screening Wen Saiqun, Yuan Guang, Zhang Zhimeng, Zhang Guanchu, Ci Dunwei, Ding Hong, Xu Yang, Jiang Changsong, Dai Liangxiang 2021, 11 (6):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900190 Abstract + ( 610 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1292KB )   ( 353 ) To ascertain the differences of various peanut varieties under salt tolerance and screen salt-tolerant peanut varieties to further develop peanut production in saline-alkaline areas, we studied the emergence rate, seedling emergence rate, first pair of side branch length, plant height and dry weight of 30 peanut varieties which are widely popularized in recent years through pot experiment under normal or 0.3% salt stress treatment, and conducted the clustering and principal component comprehensive analysis to analyze these indexes. The results showed that: according to the salt tolerance, these 30 peanut varieties could be divided into 5 types (high salt tolerant, salt tolerant, middle salt tolerant, salt sensitive and high salt sensitive type; the prediction equation of salt tolerance of peanut variety was established by stepwise regression, F=2.694RPH+1.34RPW+2.539REV-3.353(R 2=0.958); the relative plant height, relative plant dry weight and relative seedling emergence rate were also examined as the main identification indexes of salt tolerance of peanut varieties, among which, the relative plant height had a greater direct impact on the salt tolerance of peanut varieties; there was a significant correlation between the grain size and the salt tolerance of peanut with the correlation coefficient of 0.614. In conclusion, the salt tolerance of peanut varieties is significantly correlated with their grain size, and the relative plant height, relative plant dry weight and relative seedling emergence rate of each variety can be used as the main identification indexes for their salt tolerance.

  Ditylenchus destructor: Effects on the Cell Structure and the Physiological Characteristics of Angelica sinensis Qi Yonghong, Zhang Xinrui, Cao Sufang, Li Minquan, Li Qingqing, Li Xueping, Jiang Jingjing, Li Jiping 2021, 11 (6):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0087 Abstract + ( 434 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1652KB )   ( 371 ) To determine the changes of root cell structure and leaf physiological characteristics of Angelica sinensis after infected with Ditylenchus destructor, ‘Mingui 1’ and D. destructor were used in this study. The cell structure of roots and the physiological characteristics of leaves were tested in filed by natural diseased condition. Microscopic observation showed that the cell structure of the diseased roots were seriously damaged and broken after infected with D. destructor. The chlorophyll content in diseased leaves decreased to 1.18 mg/g, while the electrolyte leakage conductivity increased to 76.19 ws/cm. The net photosynthetic rate, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased, whereas the concentration of intercellular CO2 increased. Moreover, compared with the control, the light saturation point, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, the dark respiration rate and the CO2 saturation point decreased, while the light compensation point and the CO2 compensation point increased. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and some nutrient elements including Zn, Mn, Fe decreased to 2.41, 5.71, 36.07, 33.53, 112.37 and 1318.03 g/kg, respectively, while the content of Cu, Ca, Mg increased to 8.07, 538.13 and 33.13 g/kg, respectively. The results could provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathological mechanism of A. sinensis disease caused by D. destructor.

  Heavy Metals in Farmland Surrounding the Sanming Steel Plant in Western Fujian: Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment Tian Tian, Yang Ting, Zou Xianmei, Chen Chunle 2021, 11 (6):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000246 Abstract + ( 716 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 449 ) The paper aims to clarify the heavy metal pollution and risk in the farmland surrounding the Sanming Steel Plant in western Fujian. We collected 10 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) in May, 2019, determined the contents of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Ni, and evaluated the levels and risks of heavy metals by the methods of the single pollution index, the Nemero pollution index, and Hk?nson potential ecological hazard index. The results showed that: the contents of heavy metals in the studied area exceeded the background value of soil environment in Fujian, except that Hg exceeded the standard rate by 80%; correlation analysis demonstrated that: Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni in soil were homologous; the evaluation results demonstrated that: the pollution degree of heavy metals in the soil surrounding the Sanming Steel Plant was: Cd>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cu>Hg; all the soils in the studied area were heavily polluted, reaching very strong and extremely strong ecological risk level. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the ecological environment problems caused by heavy metal pollution in the farmland surrounding the Sanming Steel Plant, the prevention and control of Cd and Pb in soil should be the priority to reduce their ecological risks.

  The External Morphology of Morus macroura Seeds and the Recommended Amount of Seeds for Seedling Wang Xie, Lai Minghuan, Zhang Jianhua, Guo Haixia, Tang Tian, Zhang Linhui, Zhao Xing 2021, 11 (6):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0030 Abstract + ( 583 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 342 ) To accurately recommend the amount of mulberry seeds used in nursery, the standard of technical parameters was formed. The single seed morphological structure (such as length, width, maximum projection area, aspect ratio, area coefficient, single grain weight, single grain thickness, single grain volume, single grain density, 1000-grain weight) and the characteristics of seed accumulations (seed bulk density, seed specific gravity, seed density and seed porosity) of ‘Panzhihua 1’ (a resource domesticated species of Morus macroura) were studied by a comparison with seeds of ‘Jisang 3’ (a resource domesticated species of Morus alba). The results show that: (1) the testa of ‘Panzhihua 1’ is bright brown, with surface coat and short stipe; the testa of ‘Jisang 3’ is dark brown, smooth and hairless, with long stipe; although the seeds of both species are pentahedral, ‘Jisang 3’ is more flat, and ‘Panzhihua 1’ is more three-dimensional; (2) the length, width, maximum projection area, length width ratio, area coefficient, single seed volume and 1000 seed weight of ‘Panzhihua 1’ are smaller than those of ‘Jisang 3’, only 45.21%, 69.04%, 53.06%, 68.71%, 93.20%, 26.94% and 32.86% of those of ‘Jisang 3’, respectively; (3) the seed bulk density, seed proportion and seed porosity of ‘Panzhihua 1’ are 58.88%, 51.25% and 85.26% of those of ‘Jisang 3’ respectively; (4) the recommended seed quality and volume of ‘Panzhihua 1’ are 1.35 kg/hm2 and 5.55 L/hm2, respectively. The results could provide a basis for the seedling, and production and storage of the seeds of Morus macroura.

  Research Progress of Sod Culture Grass in Southern Orchards and Tea Gardens Gong Jiajian, Wang Fengtang, Ma Yalong, Yang Xiaofeng 2021, 11 (6):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0045 Abstract + ( 655 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 381 ) According to the grass species which are mainly applied in sod culture in southern orchards and tea gardens, the study explores the characteristics of grass species that need to be understood for sod culture. The study describes the research progress of Trifolium repens, Stylosanthes spp., Chameaerista rotundifolia, Lotononis bainesii, Indigofera spicata, Paspalum notatum, Festuca elata, Lolium pereenne and Borreria articularis, then summarizes four problems in current grass species research, including insufficient development and selection of grass species, inconsistent research and application, difficulties in grass planting, and less attention to breeding research. Base on the review, the study proposes that the development and selection of grass species should follow the principles of suitable external botany traits, strong competitiveness with weeds, good adaptability, labor-saving cultivation, and the best combination of some other functional traits. At last, the future research direction is discussed to provide references for the promotion of sod culture in southern orchards and tea gardens.

  Survey on Ecological Protection Awareness of Qilian Mountain National Park: Taking Qilian County as an Example Ma Yujun, Liu Deming, Wang Qing, Jiang Gang, Zhang Mengyao 2021, 11 (6):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000249 Abstract + ( 551 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 314 ) Taking Qilian County, which is located in the heart of Qilian Mountain National Park, as an example, we randomly selected the floating population and fixed merchants, and adopted the questionnaire to investigate the local awareness of ecological conservation in Qilian Mountain National Park. The results show that: the respondents under 18 years old have relatively low awareness of ecological protection, but they still have a large space for education level improvement and their awareness-raising potential is high; the ecological protection awareness of the respondents from 46 to 60 years old is high, and the group has a relatively high level of educational background and policy knowledge; on the contrary, the respondents over 60 years old have poor ecological protection awareness, and their knowledge of ecological protection and related policy is relatively out of date. In conclusion, the ecological protection awareness is strengthened with the age and education level, and the level of education is the most significant factor affecting the awareness of ecological protection.

  Floating Bed Culture of Jussiaea stipulacea Affecting the Contaminants in Red Tilapia Aquaculture Pond Zheng Yao, Qiu Liping, Zhou Minyue, Sun Xuanhui, Meng Shunlong, Hu Gengdong, Chen Jiazhang 2021, 11 (6):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300086 Abstract + ( 414 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 372 ) To study the influence of the floating bed culture of Jussiaea stipulacea (0, 5% planting area) on the pollutants in the culture pond of red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus× O. niloticus), the water quality indexes, such as CODMn, Chl.a, TN, NH3-N, NO2 --N, NO3--N, TP and PO43--P, were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group, J. stipulacea could significantly reduce the contents of Chla, NH3-N, NO2 --N, as well as the contents of CODMn, TP, TN and NO3 --N in the culture ponds of red tilapia. The average removal rate of NO3--N and NO2--N was more than 50%, but the removal effect on phosphorus was unsatisfactory.

  Free Amino Acids in 3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae During Fermentation Culture: Content Analysis Pei Fangyi, Xue Di, Ma Yanshi, Liu Yuchao, Liu Deshui, Li Hui, Liu Han 2021, 11 (6):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200319 Abstract + ( 463 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1533KB )   ( 432 ) To further study the biological function of free amino acids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and adapt to the development and application of new S. cerevisiae food resources, the composition and contents of free amino acids produced by three S. cerevisiae were analyzed with a fully automated amino acid analyzer. The results showed that, 17 kinds of free amino acids were found in the three S. cerevisiae fermentation broths, but there were significant differences in the composition and content of free amino acids. At the end of the fermentation, the total amount of free amino acids in the S. cerevisiae P1 fermentation broth was the highest. The S. cerevisiae 32788 fermentation broth had the highest essential amino acid content. The content of free amino acid increased first and then decreased with the fermentation time in the S. cerevisiae 1946. At the end of fermentation, the total amount of free amino acids and essential amino acids were lower than the other two S. cerevisiae. This study provides a basis for nutritional value evaluation of S. cerevisia and further study on S. cerevisia functional foods.

  Effects of Storage and Transportation Condition on the Stability of Main Pigment Components in Strawberry Lv Wanying, Jia Dongmei, Hu Yunfeng, Chen Junran 2021, 11 (6):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0200 Abstract + ( 384 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 459 ) Strawberry fades during storage and transportation, and the anthocyanin content gradually decreases. To study the effects of light application time, temperature, pH and metal ions on anthocyanins of strawberry, and explore suitable processing and storage conditions, four reaction conditions were set under the same anthocyanin content, and the effects of light application time, temperature, pH, and metal ions on strawberry anthocyanins were discussed. When strawberry anthocyanins were exposed to natural light for 8 hours, the absorbance value was decreased by 25%. When the temperature was higher than 60℃, the absorbance value was decreased by 67%. When pH>7, the absorbance value was decreased by 85%. The measured absorbance values of the pigment extract after adding Na+ and Mg2+ were kept at about 0.070 and 0.050 after reacting for 2 h, while the absorbance value measured after adding Fe3+ was decreased by 87%. Experimental results show that strawberries should be protected from light, under low temperature and acidic condition, and avoid contacting with iron products during storage and transportation.

  Prediction of 10 cm Ground Temperature in Spring Sowing Period of Maize in Heilongjiang Yan Ping, Ji Shengtai, Ji Yanghui, Qu Huihui, Yu Yingnan, Wang Ming, Chu Zheng 2021, 11 (6):  78-89.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0221 Abstract + ( 370 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1651KB )   ( 338 ) Maize is the most important crop in Heilongjiang Province, because of the limitation of heat resources, it is essential to sow early to achieve high yield. The study on the prediction method of maize ground temperature and the prediction of suitable maize sowing date could guide the early sowing of maize in field and guarantee maize safety production in the province. Based on the prediction data of temperature, ground temperature and wind speed of 80 weather stations in Heilongjiang from 2007 to 2017, we established a daily prediction model of 10 cm ground temperature in spring sowing period of maize by using multiple regression analysis method, and developed a 10 cm ground temperature prediction system. We used the observation data and forecast data from 2007 to 2012 to carry out the return test, and the observation data and forecast data from 2018 to 2020 to carry out the field application test. The results showed that the prediction of the ground temperature of the day, the next day and the next two days were relatively good. Although the prediction of the ground temperature of the next three days was slightly worse, the prediction of temperature rise and fall trend was accurate. The ground temperature prediction system developed according to the prediction model is easy to operate, and the prediction results could be stored in two ways of graph and table for easy application to business services.

  Agricultural Culture and Rural Revitalization in Shexian County: A Study on the Dry Farm Terraces Shen Zimeng, Wang Xi, Xu Yue, Chen Li 2021, 11 (6):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0120 Abstract + ( 393 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 492 ) The dry farming terrace system in Shexian County of Handan has been rated as an important agricultural cultural heritage in China. The local dry farming terraces not only have beautiful scenery, but also unique agricultural production, lifestyle and human culture. It is the gems of the wisdom of agricultural production, showing the beauty of harmony between man and nature, and embodying the sentiments and culture of the countryside. Studying from the perspective of agricultural culture, the authors combine terrace culture, stone culture, donkey culture with the dry farming terrace system of Shexian County, highlighting the importance of agricultural culture. In terms of crops, by improving the planting structure of dry farming terraces, we could enhance the quality of agricultural products, deepen the processing of agricultural products, build high-end brands, expand agricultural product sales channels, and increase the added value of agricultural products. In terms of rural landscape, we will develop tourism, protect and develop stone villages, and improve the village environment by digging into the unique local scenery, thus increase farmers’ income and realize the goal of rural revitalization.

  The Improvement of Rural Living Environment in China: A Review Bu Yufei, Gao Wenjun, Yu Lizhi, Yang Xiaojie 2021, 11 (6):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0176 Abstract + ( 887 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF ( 1037KB )   ( 717 ) Improving the rural habitat environment is one of the most important tasks in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. This paper mainly summarized the related research on the habitat environment improvement in China, including the rural habitat environment improvement and rural revitalization strategy, the rural habitat environment construction and beautiful rural construction, the key task of habitat environment improvement, the regional differences and existing problems of rural habitat environment, etc. This paper put forward the direction of future research, that is, to deepen the renovation practice research, to carry out theoretical research on the rural habitat environment improvement, to attach importance to village planning management, to improve construction and management mechanisms, and to study on effect, influencing factors and evaluation methods of the rural habitat environment improvement.