Current issue

• 2022 Vol.12 No.9 Published:20 September 2022

  Study on the Material Production and Quality Characteristics of Functional Colored Rice TANG Jianpeng, XIE Chenglin, YAO Yi, ZHANG Mingwei, QIN Jiyang, MIN Sigui 2022, 12 (9):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0285 Abstract + ( 225 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1185KB )   ( 186 ) The objectives are to explore the relationship between the material production and yield of functional colored rice, analyze its quality characteristics, and provide reference for further improving the yield and application of colored rice. This experiment took 8 functional colored rice varieties as the research objects, and conducted the analysis from the aspects of growth period, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, dry matter accumulation and transportation, yield and yield structure, and content of protein and main mineral elements. The results showed that the growth period of functional colored rice was relatively long, and the yield was significantly lower than that of the conventional rice. Low seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight were the main reasons for the low yield. The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of colored rice was higher compared with that of the control, while was slightly lower in the net photosynthetic rate, but the difference was not significant. The dry matter accumulation of functional colored rice was not significantly different from that of conventional rice in the early stage, while the dry matter accumulation and transportation were significantly reduced after the filling stage. The content of protein and trace element Fe, Cu, Mn, Se and Zn of colored brown rice were significantly higher than those of the control. The protein content of colored milled rice was higher than that of the conventional rice, while the contents of mineral elements were not significantly different. The dry matter accumulation of colored rice was less in the later stage, and the poor transport of dry matter in stems and leaves was the main factor of the low yield. The protein content of colored rice was significantly higher than that of the conventional rice, while the mineral elements were mainly found in colored rice seed husk.

  Research Progress and Prospect of Rice Cropping Amelioration in Coastal Tidal Flats of Jiangsu Province CUI Shiyou, ZHANG Jiao, CHEN Pengjun 2022, 12 (9):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0288 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 176 ) Rice cropping amelioration in coastal saline soil is one of the main techniques for the development and utilization of coastal tidal flats. This paper summarized the research progress of rice cropping amelioration in coastal saline soil of Jiangsu Province. In the identification of rice cultivars with salt tolerance, ‘Yandao 10’, ‘Yandao 12’, ‘Tongjing 981’, ‘Nanjing 5055’, ‘Nanjing 9108’, and ‘Huaidao 5’ were selected as moderate to strong salt-tolerant varieties. Under the salt stress of 1.5 g/kg, their yield was 65% to 85% of that under no stress, and under the salt stress of 3 g/kg, their yield was 40% to 45% of that under no stress. Salt stress had a certain degree of adverse effect on rice processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality; and the positioning observation test showed that the highest soil salt content appeared before and after heading under brackish water irrigation. Based on these investigations, three suggestions were put forward: (1) the selection of salt tolerant rice germplasm and variety improvement; (2) the research and development of technologies for improving land fertility of coastal paddy field; and (3) the research and development of key technologies of rice cultivation in coastal tidal flats.

  New Maize Variety ‘Xundan1668’ Suitable for Mechanized Harvesting: Breeding and Cultivation Techniques WANG Hailiang, WANG Changliang, CHANG Jianzhi, ZHANG Guohe, YAN Lihui, LI Yanchang, HOU Xianjun 2022, 12 (9):  14-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0148 Abstract + ( 410 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1311KB )   ( 159 ) Mechanized grain harvesting of maize can greatly save labor cost, which has important significance for improving the economic benefits of maize planting. However, there are insufficient studies on maize varieties suitable for mechanized grain harvesting. This study aims at breeding maize varieties with density tolerance, multi-resistance and suitable for mechanized grain harvesting. A new variety ‘Xundan 1668’, which is suitable for mechanized harvesting and summer sowing areas in Henan and Shandong, was selected and identified in multi-ecological areas for many years. It was approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Compared with that of the control variety, the average yield of ‘Xundan 1668’ was increased by more than 5%. The variety has lodging resistance and fast dewatering and is suitable for mechanized grain harvesting, which can be a material foundation for improving the mechanized harvesting degree of maize, reducing labor cost and ensuring food security.

  The Response of Agronomic Traits and Quality of Cassava to Different Altitude Gradients LI Yuexian, ZHOU Yingchun, SONG Jiming, ZHANG Linhui, SHEN Shaobin, JIANG Tailing, DUAN Chunfang, LIU Qian, XIONG Xiankun, YAN Wei, LIU Guanghua 2022, 12 (9):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0136 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 176 ) In order to explore the response of agronomic traits and root quality of cassava to different altitude gradients, and then clarify the impact of altitude gradient changes on the growth of cassava, in this study, cassava variety ‘SC205’ and ‘GR4’ were used as test materials and planted at the altitude of 800-1600 m. The plant height, stem diameter, main stem height and deciduous height of cassava at the same altitude increased with the time, but it showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude during the same time period. The growth of the two varieties was the fastest from August to October, was relatively slow in November, and basically stopped in December. With the increase of altitude gradient, the root quality of the same cassava variety showed an upward trend, and all quality indicators had extremely significant differences except the crude fiber content. The quality of different cassava varieties at the same altitude was significantly different except the crude fiber content. The highest content of good quality root mostly appeared at the altitude of 1400 m, and the lowest were at the altitude of 1000 m or 800 m. At different altitudes, cassava grew vigorously at the altitude of 800 m and 1000 m. The quality of cassava root was relatively good at the altitude of 1400 m. Therefore, the suitable altitude for cassava planting should be selected according to the purpose of production.

  A Review of Studies on Sorghum Anthracnose WEI Lichun, LI Yun, CHEN Heyun, ZHENG Xueqiang, LIU Heqin, LIU Xiuhui, ZOU Guihua 2022, 12 (9):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0059 Abstract + ( 341 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1073KB )   ( 545 ) Sorghum, as one of the main brewing materials in China, plays an important role in the development of national economy. Sorghum anthracnose is one of the main diseases of sorghum throughout its whole life cycle. It is more likely to occur and spread in warm and humid tropical and subtropical cultivated areas, and seriously affects the yield of sorghum and reduces grain quality. For several decades, sorghum pathologists and breeders have made extensive research on the occurrence and prevalence of the disease, including the isolation of sorghum anthrax pathogenic bacteria, the utilization of host resistance and the gene location of resistance to anthracnose in sorghum, some research progresses have been obtained, which laid a foundation for biochemical prevention of anthracnose and breeding varieties resistant to anthracnose. Carrying out research on sorghum anthracnose, exploring more abundant and excellent resistant germplasm resources and reducing the use of pesticides can not only meet the huge demand of China’s natural organic sorghum industry, but also promote the high-yield and high-quality production of sorghum. This review summarizes the distribution and symptoms of sorghum anthracnose, infection mechanism of pathogen, epidemic rules and causes of anthracnose, identification of resistance resources and gene location of sorghum anthracnose, which will enable a better understanding of the interaction between sorghum and Colletotrichum sublineola at the molecular level and provide reference for sorghum anthracnose research.

  Genetics of Cotton Resistance to Verticillium wilt: Research Progress LI Tinggang, GONG Dongying, ZHANG Qianqian 2022, 12 (9):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0038 Abstract + ( 278 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 273 ) Verticillium wilt (VW) is the main disease in the growth progress of cotton, which severely damages the continuous improvement of cotton yield and quality. Developing cotton varieties resistant to VW is considered as the most economical, efficient and environmental strategy to control VW. Genetic analysis of plant disease resistance is the basis of disease resistance breeding. In order to speed up the breeding process of cotton resistance to VW, it is urgent to carry out the genetic research on cotton VW resistance. We summarize the research progress in three aspects: inheritance of VW resistance in cotton, QTL mapping of VW resistance in cotton, and gene mining of VW resistance in cotton. It is considered that the current research on genetic analysis of cotton VW resistance is far from meeting the needs of cotton breeding for VW resistance. At the same time, we put forward suggestions on the selection of cotton breeding materials, the construction of genetic populations and the improvement of cotton VW resistance positioning technology.

  Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Fertilizer of Silicon-Calcium-Potassium-Magnesium on Watermelon Yield, Quality and Soil Nutrients ZHAO Yue, HUANG Nan, LIU Jipei 2022, 12 (9):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0029 Abstract + ( 237 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 254 ) To scientifically reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application and improve the soil structure and environment, we used ‘L600’ watermelon as the research object, and set up four treatments including bio-organic fertilizer combined with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and reducing the amount of base fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Conventional fertilization was used as the control to study the effects of the above fertilizers on the yield, quality and soil nutrients of watermelon. The results showed that: compared with conventional fertilization, the combined application of bio-organic fertilizer with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer could increase watermelon yield by 8.05%, heart sugar content by 13.08%, side sugar content by 5.77%, vitamin C content by 18.57%, and decrease the total acid content by 31.25% and nitrate content by 18.22%. The combined application of the two fertilizers had positive effects on improving the soil environment, and the soil pH, available phosphorus content and available potassium content were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization. Under these conditions, reducing the application of base fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could ensure the yield and quality of watermelon, which is an effective method of reducing fertilizer application.

  Interaction Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Plant and Yield Traits of Single Seeding Peanut CHEN Kang, LIN Qian, WANG Yongli, WANG Tingli, CHEN Hong 2022, 12 (9):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0045 Abstract + ( 221 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1185KB )   ( 191 ) To investigate the response of physiological and yield traits of single seeding peanut to planting density and nitrogen application rate, the authors chose Shandong Yantai Zhaoyuan Ludong hilly land for crops of three ripening in two years. A field experiment was carried out on the export peanut variety ‘Huayu 22’ in 2018 and 2019, three planting densities (120000, 200000 and 280000 plants/ hm2) and four nitrogen application rates (N 0, 50, 115 and 180 kg/hm2) were set up. Peanut plant and yield traits were analyzed in different growth periods. The results showed that both planting density and nitrogen application rate significantly affected the dry matter weight, and plant and yield traits of peanut, and the interaction effect between them was significant. Under D2 density (200000 plants/hm2), the yield of peanut pods increased by 24.31%-45.04% and 10.57%-15.13% respectively compared with that of D1 (120000 plants/hm2) and D3 (280000 plants/hm2), the dry matter weight in mature period increased by 7.31%-32.34% and 10.65%-34.59% respectively, and the difference reached a significant level. Under D2 density (200000 hm2), the yield and dry matter weight of peanut pods under nitrogen application rate of 50-180 kg/hm2 were significantly higher than those of nitrogen-free treatment, the nitrogen treatment showed N115>N180>N50>N0, peanut pod number reached the largest at 115 kg/hm2 nitrogen application, increased by 6.83% and 3.90% compared with that of N50 and N180, the dry matter weight and plant traits were also improved. Under the condition of this experiment, the main yield traits of peanut increased with the increase of nitrogen application under low density of 120000 plants/hm2, and the interaction effect of planting density of 200000 plants/hm2 and nitrogen application rate of 115 kg/hm2 was the best.

  The Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield and Quality of ‘Yunyan 87’ ZHANG Zhengyang, GUO Shanhu, ZHANG Jintao, MEN Sirun, PAN Wenzheng, ZHANG Qi, XIAO Yongfei, ZHAO Xuetong 2022, 12 (9):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0277 Abstract + ( 334 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 226 ) To improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves in Wuding County of Chuxiong in Yunnan, and explore the effects of different types of bio-organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, a field comparative experiment was conducted to study the effects of humic acid organic fertilizer, functional microbial agent and bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and development of ‘Yunyan 87’ and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the application of functional microbial agents, bio-organic fertilizer A and bio-organic fertilizer B could promote early and rapid growth of tobacco plants by 2-3 days. Compared with conventional fertilization, applying humic acid organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer A increased the plant height by 3.57% and 12.37%, the leaf area per plant by -7.73% and 5.83%, and the maximum leaf area in the middle by -10.24% and 21.46%, respectively. Applying humic acid organic fertilizer, microbial agents and bio-organic fertilizer A increased the yield by 12.50%, 2.28% and 14.82%, the output value by 0.16%, -4.02% and 30.13%, and the average price by -10.96%, -6.13% and 13.34%, respectively. The application of bio-organic fertilizer can effectively improve the nutrient composition and pH of tobacco planting soil for the early and rapid growth of tobacco plants, promote the root growth of tobacco plants, improve the quality of tobacco leaves, enhance the chemical coordination of tobacco leaves, and increase economic benefits.

  Effect of Clipping and Fertilization Times on Tobacco Seedling Quality for Transplanting Small Seedling Under Plastic Film ZHANG Jiuquan, YU Xiangwen, LING Aifen, CHEN Tiancai 2022, 12 (9):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0019 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 136 ) A seedling cultivation experiment was conducted in Xichang of Sichuan Province to identify the effects of fertilization times and clipping on seedling quality. The experiment used a factorial treatment design with fertilization method × clipping times (2×2) factor combination. The results showed that the seedling height, stem height, stem circumference, root volume, and dry matter mass of root, aboveground parts and the whole plant increased significantly by 28.87%, 44.08%, 26.36%, 5.22%, 27.83%, 64.32% and 57.14%, respectively, when fertilization increased from 1 time to 2 times. No significant difference between fertilization times was observed for good seedling rate, strong seedling rate, seedling recovery time and recovery rate after transplanting. Compared with those under clipping, the seedling height, stem height, stem circumference, leaf area, root volume, and dry matter mass of root, aboveground parts and the whole plant increased significantly under no clipping. The clipping increased good and strong seedling rate by 4.35 and 7.05 percentage points, respectively. No significant difference of clipping was observed for seedling recovery time and rate after transplanting. Overall, fertilization 2 times without clipping is the best, followed by fertilization 2 times with clipping. These two treatments can be recommended for tobacco production with transplanting small seedling under plastic film.

  Growing Performance and Quality Characteristics of Three Strawberry Varieties Cultivated in Open Field in Nanning of Guangxi DENG Libao, PAN Hong, MA Tao, JIANG Xin, WANG Feiyong, LUO Ruihong 2022, 12 (9):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0234 Abstract + ( 857 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 209 ) To select excellent strawberry varieties which are suitable for open field cultivation in Nanning of Guangxi, 3 strawberry varieties ‘Jingzangxiang’, ‘Jingtaoxiang’ and ‘Benihope’ were introduced and an investigation analysis on them was conducted. The results showed that the phenological period of ‘Jingzangxiang’, ‘Jingtaoxiang’ and ‘Benihope’ were similar to that of ‘Sweet Charlie’ under open field cultivation, their fruit soluble solid content was more than 10.5%, the fruit size was moderate, the average yield of single plant was over 0.211 kg, and the yield was more than 18990 kilograms per hectare. The 3 varieties have excellent fruit quality, and moderate or weak resistance, and can be good varieties for promotion under good management of water and fertilizer and integrated pest control.

  Effect of Different Densities and Ridge Planting Methods on Yield and Quality of Psammosilene tunicoides CHEN Cui, CHENG Yuanhui, HE Genqiang, ZHOU Guohua, ZHAO Wenlin, QI Shuwei, YANG Shaohua 2022, 12 (9):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0139 Abstract + ( 155 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1147KB )   ( 149 ) The study aims to determine the suitable density and ridge planting methods of Psammosilene tunicoides. The orthogonal design L16(43) was used to study the effects of furrow width(A), ridge width(B) and density (C) on the yield and quality of P. tunicoides. The results show that different densities and ridge planting methods have different effects on the yield and quality of P. tunicoides. The effect of the three factors on the root yield is in an order of C, A and B, and the effect on the quality is C, B and A, respectively. Taking both the yield and quality into consideration, the best ridge planting method of P. tunicoides is as follows: furrow width of 20-30 cm, ridge width of 60-80 cm, density of 8 cm×10 cm or 8 cm×15 cm.

  Study on the Renewal of Exterior Form of Rural Buildings in Southeast Guangxi Under the Background of Rural Revitalization: Taking Jili Village in Qingshuikou Town of Beiliu City as an Example QIN Shouliang 2022, 12 (9):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0106 Abstract + ( 324 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 3276KB )   ( 223 ) In the construction of the rural revitalization demonstration zone in Beiliu City of Guangxi Province, to improve the rural architectural features, enhance architectural functions, and explore the development direction of rural architectural form and construction methods under the background of rural revitalization, the paper studies different rural architectural types in southeast Guangxi where Beiliu City is located, and proposes corresponding methods of building exterior form renewal. The methods include constructing a new building skin on the basis of the original building structure, appropriately elevating the building facade with light intervention combined with standardization, reconstructing the vernacular reflection of the building exterior form, and creating a landscape environment to improve the building function. The renewal of the exterior form of rural buildings was carried out in several villagers’ groups in Jili village of Qingshuikou town, and ideas of villagers and the village committee were taken into the design in combination with the practical experience of the construction unit, to highlight local features and cost-efficiency. The renewed buildings are highly recognized by local people. The study explores a path to achieve the goal of ecological livable environment in rural revitalization.

  Climatic Conditions of Fig Cultivation in Wulian of Shandong CHEN Zhichao, CHEN Xiumiao, ZHU Xiuhong 2022, 12 (9):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0141 Abstract + ( 175 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1601KB )   ( 408 ) In order to introduce and popularize fig cultivation in the mountainous area of Wulian County in Shandong Province, the climatic suitability analysis of fig cultivation in Wulian was carried out based on the local meteorological data over the years. In the study, we took the biological characteristics of fig into consideration, discussed the climate suitability of fig cultivation in Wulian, as well as common meteorological disasters and their prevention measures, and analyzed the influence of main local climate conditions on the growth of fig. The results show that the climate conditions of Wulian can basically meet the growth and development of fig if proper prevention measures are taken against meteorological disasters. This study provides reference for popularizing fig cultivation, preventing meteorological disasters and revitalizing rural economy in Wulian County.

  Research on Supply-side Structural Reform Path of Leisure Agriculture in Beijing LI Yizhang, JIANG Jing 2022, 12 (9):  83-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0012 Abstract + ( 136 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1110KB )   ( 154 ) Leisure agriculture is an important industry to boost rural revitalization, and deepening the supply-side structural reform of leisure agriculture is the main line of its high-quality development. In this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis of the industrial layout, industrial supply, commercial activity supply, product supply and factor supply of leisure agriculture, we point out main problems of leisure agriculture in Beijing from the aspects of the management mode, product structure, culture and folk custom, characteristics and creativity, ecology, health, science popularization, education and other high-value added experiences. Finally, we put forward suggestions on upgrading leisure agriculture in Beijing from the perspectives of leisure agriculture environment quality, product quality, service quality and popularity under the current situation.

  The Construction of Internal Inspector Team in Green Food Enterprises: Current Situation and Countermeasures DING Suo, ZANG Hongwei 2022, 12 (9):  87-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0008 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1051KB )   ( 132 ) The internal inspectors of green food enterprises are the gate-keepers to ensure the product quality of green food enterprises, and the supervisors of the production management of the enterprises. It is of great significance for the sustainable and healthy development of greenfood industry to build a team of internal inspectors with excellent professional skills, strong ability and high quality. On the basis of questionnaire and field investigation on the construction of internal inspector team in green food enterprises nationwide, this paper evaluates the effect of the construction of internal inspector team in green food enterprises, and explores main problems existing in the team building of internal inspectors in green food enterprises. The suggestions and countermeasures for strengthening the construction of internal inspector team in green food enterprises are put forward from five aspects, including positioning the functions of internal inspectors, improving the registration management, strengthening the training and education, enhancing the reward and punishment mechanism, and rationalizing the management and service system.

  Research on Management Strategy of Picking Orchard:A Case Study of Laoyou Ecological Farm in Yangzhong Town of Youxi County LIU Xinyong, LIN Guohua, WU Jingcai, CAI Heli 2022, 12 (9):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0031 Abstract + ( 290 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1005KB )   ( 475 ) Picking orchard is an important type of leisure agriculture. It has obvious advantages in reducing the circulation links of agricultural products, exploiting the marketing channels, building brands, integrating the primary, second and tertiary industry, and improving agricultural economic benefits. Taking Laoyou Ecological Farm in Yangzhong Town of Youxi County as an example, this paper analyzed the problems in the development of picking orchard, such as lack of overall planning, inadequate service concept, insufficient varieties for picking, fierce homogenization competition, high labor cost, as well as less fine management, brand building and marketing promotion. Based on the analysis, we put forward management suggestions, including accurate positioning of the picking orchard, adopting high standard green planting technology, improving service facilities, implementing functional zoning, using new media for marketing promotion, establishing brands and so on, in order to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional orchard and realize rural industry revitalization.

  Development Trend of the Work System of State-owned Units of Planting Industry Under the Implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy WU Junze, GUO Jingru 2022, 12 (9):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0034 Abstract + ( 190 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 180 ) As the nation’s main force to ensure food security, state-owned units of planting industry shoulder the mission of promoting the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy. By comparing the personnel and labor statistics of the state-owned units in agricultural and rural system from 2017 to 2020, the change trend of organizational structure, personnel structure and salary were elaborated. With the deepening of the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, state-owned institutions in the planting industry have continued to be streamlined, the personnel structure has been further optimized, and staff salaries and benefits have been raised, which can provide a fundamental guarantee for rural revitalization. This paper focuses on the main problems existing in the work system of state-owned units of planting industry and puts forward some policy suggestions, which can provide data support for obtaining a clear picture of the working team of Sannong (namely, agriculture, rural areas and farmers), and promote further development of the work system of state-owned units of planting industry.