Current issue

• 2022 Vol.12 No.10 Published:20 October 2022

  Herbicide Resistant Millet Hybrid Variety ‘Changzagu 466’: Breeding and Matching Techniques TIAN Gang, LI Huixia, WANG Yuwen, LIU Xin, LIU Hong 2022, 12 (10):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0062 Abstract + ( 519 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1093KB )   ( 241 ) The purposes of this study are to breed herbicide resistant millet hybrid varieties with high yield and high quality, increase millet yield and simplify millet cultivation techniques. The high male sterile line of millet was used as the female parent, and the herbicide resistant restorer line with high quality was used as male parent. The combination test was used to identify and select the hybrid millet varieties for production. Taking ‘Gu 3A’ as the female parent and the excellent line ‘K34’ as the male parent, the millet hybrid variety ‘Changzagu 466’ was selected and bred after 15 years. It passed the national registration in 2020 (GPD millet (2020) 140094). This hybrid variety was of high yield, high quality and herbicide resistance. It could be used in production with simplified cultivation techniques. Furthermore, the seed production techniques and cultivation techniques of this hybrid variety were summarized through the experiments. The results show that ‘Changzagu 466’ is a high-quality, high-yielding and herbicide-resistant millet hybrid variety, and it is suitable for planting in the middle and late maturity regions of northwest China.

  Maize Hybrid Variety ‘Jiyu 228’: Breeding and the New Heterosis Pattern SONG Wei, WANG Liwei, ZHANG Quanguo, LI Ronggai, ZHANG Dongmin, WANG Baoqiang, GUO Rui, SONG Liang, WEI Jianfeng, LI Xinghua, GAO Zengyu, ZHANG Wenying, WANG Jianghao 2022, 12 (10):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0066 Abstract + ( 828 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1052KB )   ( 162 ) The aim is to breed maize varieties with high and stable yield and lodging resistant. ‘Huangrui’ was used as the basic breeding material in this study. ‘Huangrui’ possesses American germplasm with strong stem and high-planting dense tolerance, and has extensive adaptability in Huang-Huai-Hai Area. The high-planting density, large population, and combination of test and selection were used to select the two elite inbred lines‘Ji42’ and‘Ji1877’, then the new hybrid variety ‘Jiyu228’ was successfully selected by crossing the two inbred lines. In the 2-year multiple regional tests, the average yield of ‘Jiyu228’ was 9778.5 kg/hm2, which was 6.38% higher than that of the control. In the production tests, the yield of ‘Jiyu228’ was 9114.0 kg/hm2, which was 5.8% higher than that of the control. 83.75% of the test sites showed yield increasing. Meanwhile, the average lodging rate was only 2.3% in the multiple regional tests and 2.8% in the production tests, respectively. In 2019, ‘Jiyu228’ was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee of China for the summer maize cultivar registration in the Huang-Huai-Hai Area. In conclusion, ‘Jiyu228’ integrates the advantages of American germplasm with strong stem and lodging resistance and Chinese germplasm with wide adaptation, and it also has the characteristics of good yield and high-density tolerance. Meanwhile, this study proposes a new heterosis pattern of maize variety breeding.

  Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Cotton Seed Germination XU Min, LI Jinglin, YE Fumin, ZHU He, WANG Zisheng 2022, 12 (10):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0176 Abstract + ( 254 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 198 ) In order to explore the effects of temperature and humidity on cotton seed germination, and provide theoretic guidance for suitable sowing date of cotton, the authors took cotton seed as material, conducted an indoor temperature and humidity 2-factor germination experiment, and recorded and calculated germination rate every day. The active period of cotton seed germination was from day 1 to day 4, and the cumulative germination rate was relatively high at 25℃ and 30℃, and humidity of 20% and 40%. Mathematical method was used to predict the suitable temperature and humidity range for cotton seed germination, and the similar conclusion was obtained. During cotton seed germination, the suitable humidity is 15%-40%, the suitable temperature is around 26℃, so the sowing time and method should be arranged according to actual situation.

  Rice Bacterial Leaf Streak: Research Progress on Occurrence and Development and Resistance Genes LIU Wei, LIU Fangdan, LU Zhanhua, LU Dongbai, WANG Shiguang, WANG Xiaofei, XUE Jiao, HE Xiuying 2022, 12 (10):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0048 Abstract + ( 303 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 473 ) In recent years, rice bacterial leaf streak disease has caused severe damage to rice production, and greatly affected the yield and quality of rice. To ensure the safe production of rice, it is important to use reasonable and appropriate control measures, breed and cultivate disease-resistant varieties and apply the varieties in production. This article summarizes research progress of the symptoms and causes of rice bacterial leaf streak disease and its integrated control techniques, the isolation and identification of rice bacterial leaf streak disease pathogen, the excavation and identification of disease-resistant materials, and the location and cloning of disease-resistant genes. It is believed that plant inspection and quarantine, proper fertilization and water control, and real-time field monitoring can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of rice bacterial leaf streak, while identifying disease-resistant rice varieties, and cloning and applying disease-resistant genes to breeding disease-resistant rice varieties can be the most powerful way to control the disease.

  Application of Trap Plants in Cotton Pest Control LIU Xiao, GENG Jun, XING Maode, LIU Ping, LIU Chao 2022, 12 (10):  21-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0209 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1110KB )   ( 160 ) With the widespread planting of Bt cotton, cotton pest composition has been changed, and the control strategy should be made to adjust to it. Crop structural adjustment is an important biological and agricultural measure for controlling pests and diseases, planting trap or repel plants in cotton field can reduce the outbreaks of pests and the application of chemical pesticides. It is found that there are more than 30 kinds of trap or repel plants which have been applied to cotton pest control, and according to the action mechanism, they could be divided into three different categories: traditional trap plants, preserve natural enemy trap plants and repel pests’ plants. In this paper, the methods of reducing pests and protecting natural enemies by planting trap or repel plants were reviewed to provide reference for integrated pest management (IPM) in cotton field.

  Effects of Mulching Materials on Nitrogen Metabolism, Yield and Quality of Watermelon ZHANG Xiaohong, PENG Qiong, YAN Zheng 2022, 12 (10):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0154 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1110KB )   ( 136 ) In order to select suitable mulching materials for watermelon cultivation, four different materials (white film, mushroom residue, liquid film and black grass control non-woven fabric) were selected for mulching cultivation, and their effects on nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of watermelon were comprehensively compared. The results showed that: (1) among all the treatments, the mulching effect of black grass control non-woven fabric was the best, the fruit yield, and the content of soluble solid and Vc were significantly higher than those of other treatments; the contents of total nitrogen and soluble protein in leaves were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of other treatments, so were the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH); (2) the correlation analysis showed that the yield of watermelon under different mulching treatments was significantly and positively correlated with total nitrogen content and extremely significantly and positively correlated with NR activity; there was a significantly positive correlation between total nitrogen content and NR activity, and an extremely significantly positive correlation between total nitrogen content and GS and GDH activities. The results showed that the black grass control non-woven fabric could be used as a suitable mulching material for watermelon cultivation.

  Alleviating Effect of Growth Regulators on Waterlogging Stress of Watermelon LI Changgen, MA Jiangli, YANG Ruiping, SUN Xingxiang 2022, 12 (10):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0041 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1775KB )   ( 206 ) Taking ‘Zaojia8424’ as the material, the effects of sodium nitrophenolate, sodium naphthalene acetate and brassinolide on physiology, growth, yield and quality of watermelon were studied by simulating waterlogging stress of watermelon, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of waterlogging resistance mechanism, yield and quality of watermelon. The results showed that after waterlogging stress, the leaf first showed water-loss curl and the growth was inhibited. All the three growth regulators showed certain alleviating effects after spraying, and sodium naphthalene acetate had the best alleviating effect at 72 h, which reduced MDA content by 31.35% and increased SOD activity by 27.83%, but it was slightly inferior to sodium nitrophenolate in efficacy persistence. The total fresh root weight and yield of watermelon under sodium naphthalene acetate treatment were increased by 18.09% and 17.19%, respectively. In summary, sodium naphthalene acetate can reduce cell membrane damage, enhance superoxide free radical scavenging ability, promote root growth and increase yield of watermelon under waterlogging.

  Application of Kadsura longipedunculata Lignan Compound Coating Solution in Strawberry Preservation XU Yucong, ZHANG Yanna, ZHANG Xiaohu, CHEN Yuexing, WU Xu 2022, 12 (10):  35-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0135 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2079KB )   ( 134 ) Strawberry is easy to be damaged and spoilt by pathogenic microorganisms during harvesting, storage and transportation, which could affect its commercial value. To study the effects of lignan compound coating solution of Kadsura longipedunculata on the fresh-keeping of strawberry, the lignan was extracted from K. longipedunculata by ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction. Taking the diameter of inhibition zone as the index, the antibacterial effects of the lignan extraction on three tested bacteria were investigated. The antibacterial effect order from strong to weak was on Escherichia coli> Salmonella> Staphylococcus aureus. The effects of lignan, sodium copper chlorophyllin, konjac glucomannan and calcium chloride on the weight loss rate, soluble solid content and Vc content of strawberry were analyzed. On the basis of single factor experiments, response surface optimization experiment was carried out. The optimal formula of compound coating solution was as follows: 0.32% lignan extraction+ 0.0021% sodium copper chlorophyllin+0.27% konjac glucomannan+ 1.0% calcium chloride. The compound coating solution was applied to strawberry storage experiment, the weight loss rate of strawberry decreased by 73.86%, soluble solid content increased by 67.55%, Vc content increased by 21.80%. The preservation effect was obviously better compared with that of the control group. The results in this study can provide technical reference for strawberry preservation.

  Progress of Transgenic Technology in Improving Staple Food Crops in China ZHANG Huiying, WANG Ying, HAN Chenggui 2022, 12 (10):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0042 Abstract + ( 624 )   HTML ( 44 )   PDF ( 1100KB )   ( 646 ) Aiming at the application of transgenic technology in the improvement of staple food crops in China, this study described the principles and advantages of transgenic technology. The research progress of transgenic technology in the improvement of staple food crops (maize, wheat and rice) in China was reviewed. Moreover, the main application of transgenic technology in disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance and quality improvement of staple food crops in China was summarized. At last, the study put forward future research directions, expecting that people can better understand transgenic plants and treat the application and development of transgenic plants with a scientific attitude.

  Analysis of Corn Production Technical Efficiency Based on Five Main Producing Counties in Hebei Province GUO Dongyue, ZHI Shang, LI Min, GUO Xuehong, WANG Guirong, ZHANG Xinshi, CUI Yongfu 2022, 12 (10):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0051 Abstract + ( 176 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1258KB )   ( 177 ) Corn is the largest food crop in Hebei Province, and technical efficiency is crucial to maintain productivity. Based on the input-output data of 170 maize growers in 5 main corn producing counties of Hebei Province such as Ningjin County and Daming County, from 2012 to 2018, this paper analyzed the development and change of corn production technical efficiency in Hebei Province by DEA research method. The results showed that the average value of comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of corn production in the 5 counties was 0.822, 0.989 and 0.832, respectively. Among them, the comprehensive technical efficiency of corn in Yutian County and Daming County was not high, the total factor productivity did not reach the effective frontier, and the scale efficiency presented a declining trend. According to the analysis results, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward from the aspects of moderate scale operation, scientific and reasonable allocation of input factors and so on.

  Effects of High Altitude Environment on the Nutritional Components of Chenopodium quinoa LI Xiang, LI Xiaofei, WANG Jianbin, ZHU Lili, ZHANG Yemeng, WANG Qicai, MAO Xiaofeng, CHEN Zhiguo 2022, 12 (10):  56-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0027 Abstract + ( 160 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 277 ) In order to study the effects of plateau environment on the nutritional components of quinoa, the main nutritional components of 8 quinoa varieties (lines) from Wulan County and Delingha City (3000 m, high altitude arid area) in Qaidam Basin in western Qinghai and Datong County (2300 m, high altitude semi-arid area) in eastern Qinghai were determined and analyzed by AMMI model. The results show that: (1) the content of crude fiber, protein, β-glucan, carbohydrate and α-vitamin E are greatly affected by environmental factors, and the total sugar content is affected by both variety and environmental factors, the interaction of variety and environment has a significant effect on the crude fiber content; (2) there are differences in the stability of nutrient components of quinoa varieties (lines). In the cultivation of quinoa on plateau, the environmental advantages should be taken into full consideration, the genotype and environment interaction should be highlighted, and the suitable varieties should be selected according to local conditions.

  Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Frost Period and Their Influence on Agricultural Production in Southern Shanxi: 1961-2020 LIU Qiangjun, REN Pengjuan, ZHAO Huiqin, SONG Fangchao, WANG Yong 2022, 12 (10):  64-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2021-0146 Abstract + ( 154 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3494KB )   ( 148 ) To avoid the damage of frost to agricultural production, the study used the daily minimum ground temperature data of 46 meteorological stations in southern Shanxi from 1961 to 2020, to analyze the variation characteristics of the first frost day, the last frost day and the frost free period in southern Shanxi by using the methods of linear trend, abruption test and wavelet analysis. The results showed that in the 60 years, the average first frost day and last frost day in southern Shanxi was October 17 and April 17, respectively, and the average frost free period was 184 days. At the rate of 2.18, 2.07 and 4.4 days per decade, there were obvious delay, advance and extension of the average first frost day, the average last frost day and the average frost free period, respectively, and there were obvious abrupt years. The abrupt change year of the first frost day, the last frost day and frost free period was respectively 2005, 2002 and 2001; and there were obvious periodic changes in frost duration. As to the spatial characteristics, the first frost day was early in the northeast and late in the southwest, the last frost day was opposite to the first frost day, early in the southwest and late in the northeast, and the frost free period decreased from southwest to northeast. The occurrence probability of extremely early frost day was higher in the southeast and northwest, and lower in the northeast and southwest, and the occurrence probability of extremely late last frost day was lower in Linyun basin and the river valley at the junction of Linfen and Jincheng, and higher in other areas. Altitude was the key geographical factor affecting the change of the frost period in southern Shanxi, and the minimum ground temperature in spring and autumn was the key climatic factor affecting the change of the frost period. In summary, the change of the frost period has a great impact on agriculture. The frozen area of crops does not change significantly with the change of frost frequency and intensity, and this might be related to the rapid improvement of modern facility agriculture protection measures. But the obvious increase of accumulated temperature could lead to the early development of crops and increase the probability of frost damage.

  Meteorological Conditions of Main Edible Fungi Producing Areas in Jizhou District of Tianjin and Countermeasures LIU Zhenyuan, BAN Litong, JIN Haidong, ZHANG Hong, HUANG Liang, WANG Yu, JIN Bo 2022, 12 (10):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0068 Abstract + ( 172 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1165KB )   ( 157 ) Jizhou District of Tianjin is the main local production area of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus nebrodensis. The income of mushroom growers’ planting greenhouses depends on meteorological conditions to some extent, and using the meteorological indexes reasonably could guide the production of edible fungi. We analyzed the corresponding time for each stage of edible fungi production according to the meteorological conditions, and summarized the impact of harsh weather on mushroom growers in 2017 and 2018. Then, we put forward countermeasures for the cultivation of edible fungi under possible local meteorological disasters. The early warning and prevention of long-term meteorological disasters carried out by coordinated operation of scientific research institutes, meteorological department and early warning information release center might provide production tips for mushroom growers in the main mushroom producing areas in Jizhou District of Tianjin.

  Development Status and Prospect of Sorghum Industry in Shandong Province LI Guoyu, CONG Xinjun, ZHAO Na, LI Guoqing 2022, 12 (10):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0072 Abstract + ( 251 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1335KB )   ( 185 ) With the in-depth implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy in Shandong Province, the production structure of sorghum has been continuously optimized and adjusted, and the situation of supply and demand has been significantly changed, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements has been gradually increased, and the development of sorghum industry has attracted much attention. In 2019, the planting area and yield of sorghum in Shandong Province decreased, the market price increased, and the development of industry integration was accelerated. The prospect of new sorghum varieties and new technologies is broad. However, there are still problems, such as fewer special-purpose varieties, low level of mechanization, lack of supporting policies, and weak brand effect. Thus, this paper puts forward countermeasures to promote the development of sorghum industry from the aspects of strengthening policy support, implementing the talent incentive mechanism, matching and popularizing new varieties and techniques, enhancing brand cultivation and publicity, adjusting industrial structure and so on.

  Effect of Economic Forest Industry on Modern Agricultural Development in Nanchong JIANG Jiangzhao, HOU Kang, LIU Hongkun, WANG Huaiyu, ZUO Juan 2022, 12 (10):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0061 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1179KB )   ( 159 ) To analyze the factors affecting the competitiveness of economic forest industry in Nanchong, and formulate the development strategy of economic forest, this paper used SWOT analysis method to systematically analyze the advantages, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of economic forest industry in Nanchong. The results show that Nanchong has the advantages of rich natural resources, initial success of economic forest industry base construction and the full support of government policies. However, there are some problems such as weak facility condition in the industry base, insufficient scientific research and innovation ability, low added-value of products and the challenge from homogeneous products. It is suggested to increase investment in science and technology, accelerate the transformation of the research achievements, popularize the light and simplified cultivation techniques of economic forest in hilly areas through the demonstration role of the base, build the whole industrial chain and cultivate regional brands, so as to promote the sound development of the industry and realize rural revitalization.

  On Innovation of Rural Science Popularization Mechanism Under the Background of Rural Revitalization——Taking the New Volunteer Service Mode of Science and Technology Built by China Association of Agricultural Science Societies as an Example LIAO Danfeng, BAO Shuzheng, FENG Guizhen, WANG Changhai, ZHANG Nan, BIAN Quanle, He Xiongkui 2022, 12 (10):  87-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0131 Abstract + ( 238 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1146KB )   ( 259 ) In line with the spirit of volunteerism and science, and aiming at developing high-level and grass-roots technical volunteer service and promoting the innovation of rural science popularization mode, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies (CAASS) has established a scientific and technological service team with the spirit of advocating morality and kindness, serving rural farmers without government investment, without occupying national resources and without getting benefits. The CAASS has extensively mobilized agricultural scientists and education workers, agricultural technology extension workers, heads of new rural business entities, agricultural entrepreneurs, veterans, college students, etc., to participate in the volunteer service, formed a multi-level and multi-subject socialized team structure, and established a diversified rural science popularization volunteer service team with social forces as the main body. By the end of May 2022, 136 service teams and nearly 3000 volunteers have been involved in the new mode of rural science and technology volunteer service, and the volunteers truly understand agriculture, have devotion to the countryside and farmers, and hold a close relationship with the rural areas, which can ensure that science popularization resources are available in the countryside all year round. The new mode has formed a regular and long-term development mechanism for rural science popularization, effectively solves the “last-mile” problem of rural science popularization, and practically implements the cultivation and training of talents for rural revitalization.

  Analysis of the Influencing Factors and Increasing Paths of Farmers’ Income in Miyun Ecological Conservation Area XIE Mingyi, XU Guangcai, SHAO Weiming, ZHANG Yanfang 2022, 12 (10):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0046 Abstract + ( 151 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 194 ) The Ecological Conservation Area (ECA) of Beijing is not only an important protective screen for the ecological safety of Beijing, but a significant foundation for local social-economic development. Its development requires balancing the relationship of ecological protection and economic development. Miyun District, located in the northeast of Beijing as an ECA, was taken for case study. In this study, farmers’ income data change from 2006 to 2018 was analyzed, and indicators of agroforestry water expenditure, the regional GDP, cultivated land area, etc., were selected to construct the evaluating system for correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, aiming to explore the indicators’ impacts on farmers’ income. The results showed that the per capita income of farmers had an upward trend and was positively correlated with five indicators such as agroforestry water expenditure and regional GDP, and was negatively correlated with total agricultural machinery power consumption and other indicators. To promote the coordinated development of ecological economy in ecological conservation areas, the study puts forward some adaptive income increasing strategies, such as strengthening the infrastructure construction, increasing the investment in human capital, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading and improving the ecological compensation mechanism.