Current issue

• 2024 Vol.14 No.2 Published:20 February 2024

  Preliminary Study on Summer Interplanting Silage Maize in Alfalfa Field in Huang-Huai-Hai Region GAO Run, WU Bo, CHEN Yan, LIU Yi, ZHANG Jinhong, XU Ruixuan, WANG Guoliang 2024, 14 (2):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0088 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1200KB )   ( 44 ) The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of interplanting silage maize in summer in alfalfa field in Huang-Huai-Hai region, in order to improve the forage productivity of alfalfa field and to explore a new planting pattern for efficient forage planting. In our study, silage maize was interplanted in two-cutting alfalfa field, which was the third year of sowing in Huang-Huai-Hai region. After interplanted silage maize in alfalfa field, the forage productivity, its influence on weeds and economic benefits before and after interplanting were studied. Compared with monoculture alfalfa, interplanting silage maize significantly increased the total forage yield, land equivalent ratio and total economic benefit of alfalfa field. Interplanting silage maize with alfalfa can effectively reduce the species of weeds and inhibit the growth of weeds in alfalfa field in high temperature and high humidity season in summer. This study provides a theoretical basis for interplanting silage maize in alfalfa field in summer in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and puts forward an efficient planting and application pattern of alfalfa planting.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficient Utilization of Sorghum Hybrids JIANG Yanxi, YAN Hongdong, SU Defeng, JIAO Shaojie, WANG Liming, MA Zijun, WU Zhenyang 2024, 14 (2):  7-15.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0079 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 17 ) To screen out good-quality and high-yield sorghum varieties which adapt to ecological conditions of local area and have higher nitrogen use efficiency in the main sorghum production areas of North China and Northeast China, 20 main sorghum varieties in China were used as experimental materials to study the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of the varieties in different locations with split-plot experimental design. 20 sorghum varieties were divided into three groups of nitrogen efficiency including N high-efficiency variety, N medium-efficiency variety and N low-efficiency variety based on the agronomic utilization and partial productivity of nitrogen. The results showed that Compared with N -medium efficiency and N low-efficiency varieties, N high-efficiency varieties had higher yield. Cluster analysis showed that ‘Jinza 34’, ‘Liaonuo 11’, ‘Jiza 124’, ‘Jinzao 5564’ and ‘Jinnuoliang 5’ were nitrogen efficient varieties in Dongyang experiment in two years, and ‘Jinza 34’ was the best. In Harbin experiment, ‘Longza 22’, ‘Longza 25’, ‘Shenza 5’, ‘Jiniang 3’, ‘Fengza 4’, ‘Jiza 124’, ‘Jiza 127’, ‘Liaoza 37’, ‘Jinzao 5564’, ‘Tongza 108’ and ‘Chiza 107’ were nitrogen efficient varieties in two years, and ‘Longza 25’ was the best among all the varieties. Therefore, ‘Jinza 34’ was the most suitable N high-efficiency sorghum variety in Dongyang area, and ‘Longza 25’ was the most suitable N high-efficiency sorghum variety in Harbin area.

  Field Evaluation of Clubroot-Resistant Rape Varieties in Disease Area of Southwest Yunnan ZHAO Kaiqin, ZHANG Lifan, ZHANG Yunyun, LIU Yu, LUO Jiajie, YANG Zhaochun, LUO Yanqing 2024, 14 (2):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0061 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 17 ) In this study, we clarified the field resistance, main agronomic traits and yield performance of ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’, to screen out excellent disease-resistant varieties in the clubroot disease areas. Field experiments were carried out in three rape clubroot disease areas of Tengchong City, Lianghe County and Linxiang County in southwest Yunnan Province. And the varieties developed by our group and local main varieties were used as controls. The results of field experiments showed that the two clubroot-resistant varieties of ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ could mature normally and overwinter safely at the three test sites, with a growth period of 176-199 d, and the performance of each growth period was uniform. ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ showed high resistance to clubroot disease in Tengchong and Lianghe, and disease resistance in Linxiang. The agronomic traits of ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ were good in the three test sites. Compared with the seven control varieties in three test sites, the yield of ‘Huashuang 5R’ was reduced by 2.71% compared with ‘Yunyouza No.12’ in Lianghe; and the yield of ‘Huashuang 5R’ compared with ‘Yunyouza No.12’ and ‘Za 1256’ in Tengchong, ‘Yunyouza 15’ and ‘Huayou No.8’ in Lianghe, ‘Yunyouza No.12’ and ‘Deyou No.1’ in Linxiang was increased by 7.49% to 56.83%; the yield of ‘Huayouza 62R’ was 5.76% lower than that of ‘Yunyouza No.12’ in Lianghe, and was 4.61% lower than ‘Deyou No.1’ in Linxiang; and the yield of ‘Huayouza 62R’ compared with ‘Yunyouza No.12’ and ‘Za 1256’ in Tengchong, ‘Yunyouza 15’ and ‘Huayou No.8’ in Lianghe, ‘Yunyouza No.12’ in Linxiang was increased by 4.12% to 51.90%. ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ showed strong resistance to clubroot disease in the three test sites, with growth period of 176-199 d, and the agronomic traits and yields were normal compared to controls, and could be used as main cultivars in southwest Yunnan Province where clubroot disease was serious.

  Laboratory Toxicity and Field Efficacy of Five Insecticides Against Apolygus lucorum YANG Bin, ZHENG Jiacheng, YAN Xiongfei 2024, 14 (2):  23-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0188 Abstract + ( 69 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 22 ) The aim of this research is to select high-efficiency, low-toxicity and safe insecticides for the control of Apolygus lucorum, and to provide basic data and scientific basis for the scientific prevention and control of A. lucorum. The laboratory toxicity and field control effect of different insecticides on A. lucorum were studied. In this study, the laboratory toxicity and field control effect of thiamethoxam, abamectin, matrine, rotenone and osthole on A. lucorum were determined by food dipping method and field spraying method. The results of laboratory toxicity test showed that the toxicity of five insecticides to A. lucorum increased with the increase of insecticide concentration. The order of toxicity to A. lucorum was thiamethoxam > abamectin > matrine > rotenone > osthole. The results of field control test showed that 300 mg/L thiamethoxam and 600 mg/L thiamethoxam had the best control effect after 3 days of application in mung bean field, and the field control effect had reached more than 75%. After 7 days of application in mung bean field, the control effect of 600 mg/L thiamethoxam was the best, followed by 300 mg/L thiamethoxam and 1000 mg/L avermectin, and the field control effect was more than 70%. The field control effect of 1600 mg/L matrine was 58.94%, and the field control effect of 1600 mg/L rotenone and 1600 mg/L osthole was about 50%. It was found that five insecticides had certain field control effects on A. lucorum, among which thiamethoxam and abamectin had better control effect on A. lucorum, and they were recommended to be utilized in the field.

  A Review of Bruchus rufimanus Boheman MIN Yuxia, MAO Yuping, LIU Huiling, SHANG Yongfang 2024, 14 (2):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0069 Abstract + ( 52 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1359KB )   ( 49 ) Vicia faba is an important food resource for human and livestock, and China is the largest producer around the world. Bruchus rufimanus Boheman is the most important pest of V. faba, with infestation rates of 3%-100%, which causes significant economic losses. Semiochemical is a kind of chemical substance released by creature which causes behavior modification or physiological reaction of other biological organisms. It is vital in insect feeding, seeking mate, orienting host and laying eggs. Here, we present a comprehensive review of B. rufimanus from distribution, morphological feature, life cycle, developmental strategy and chemical ecology based on published domestic and foreign research. Emphasis is placed on semiochemical application prospect in integrated pest management, which provides a new perspective to green prevention and control technology of B. rufimanus.

  Distribution of Soil Available Zinc Content and Influencing Factors in Hanzhong City GAO Peng, YU Zhengjun, YANG Xiaomin, WANG Tao, LI Danni 2024, 14 (2):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0002 Abstract + ( 40 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1513KB )   ( 25 ) The aim was to solve the problem of the improper fertilization measures in agricultural production in Hanzhong City, which led to the imbalance of the supply capacity of soil trace elements in some places, and restricted the increase of rice, corn and other grain crops. In this study, 6142 soil samples were collected from 11 counties and districts in Hanzhong. The content and distribution of available zinc in soil were analyzed by DTPA extraction atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the available zinc content of soil in Hanzhong City was mainly distributed between 0.51-1.0 mg/kg and 1.01-1.5 mg/kg, accounting for 34.80% and 30.80% of the total amount. Soil samples with available zinc content less than 1.5 mg/kg accounted for 78.3% of the total amount, that is, 78.3% of the available zinc content of soil in Hanzhong was below the middle level, and 47.4% of the available zinc content of soil was at a low and very low level. The average effective zinc content in the soil of rice and corn producing areas was 1.11 mg/kg, with 1.15 mg/kg in rice cultivation areas and 1.07 mg/kg in corn cultivation areas. The effective zinc content in the soil of rice cultivation areas was higher than that of corn cultivation areas, slightly higher than the average value. The content of available zinc in soil was negatively correlated with soil pH, soil organic matter and available phosphorus. To sum up, available zinc in cultivated soil in Hanzhong could generally meet the needs of crop growth, but in some zinc deficient areas, it was recommended to strengthen the application of zinc fertilizer and manure to reduce the impact of zinc deficiency in soil on crops.

  Effects of Endophytic Bacteria on Rhizosphere Soil Fertility Changes of Chinese Endemic Plant Pteroceltis tatarinowii JIANG Yinmei, QIN Yongrong, ZHANG Yanzhen, HUANG Xiulian, DENG Huilian, MO Danyu, MENG Enru 2024, 14 (2):  42-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0055 Abstract + ( 41 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2056KB )   ( 38 ) To investigate the effects of endophytes on rhizosphere soil fertility of the endemic Chinese plant Pteroceltis tatarinowii, the common native tree species P. tatarinowii in northwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the pioneer tree species of the stone mountain afforestation, Zenia insignis, were selected as research subjects. Non-rhizosphere soil samples, rhizosphere soil samples and root samples of P. tatarinowii from natural vegetation plots and Z. insignis from plantation control plots were collected as experimental materials, using the conventional methods of soil physical and chemical analysis, bacterial culture and 16S rRNA sequencing, the community structure characteristics of non-rhizosphere soil bacteria, rhizosphere soil bacteria and root endophytic bacteria of tree species were analyzed respectively. The correlation between root endophytic bacteria and soil physical and chemical factors was analyzed at two different levels of phyla and genera, which further explained the effect of endophytic bacteria on the changes of soil fertility of P. tatarinowii rhizosphere. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in bacterial populations among different vegetation plots, whether it was non-rhizosphere soil bacteria, rhizosphere soil bacteria or root endophytic bacteria, the contrast plots of Z. insignis plantation were obviously higher than that of the natural vegetation plots of P. tatarinowii; (2) root endophytic bacteria, rhizosphere soil bacteria and non-rhizosphere soil bacteria were related to each other and interacted with each other. There were not only certain number of common species, but also their own unique species, and the number of unique species was obviously larger than that of common species; (3) in different vegetation plots, the order of microflora was rhizosphere soil bacteria>non-rhizosphere soil bacteria>root endophyte; (4) the dominant phyla composition of soil bacteria and root endophytic bacteria were similar, but their relative abundances were different. The dominant flora of common species of P. tatarinowii was Bacillus, most species of this genus could improve the growth environment of plants to some extent, and enhance the ability of plant resistance to adversity and disease. Therefore, the root endophytic bacteria of P. tatarinowii, like those of Z. insignis and other plants, improve the rhizosphere soil fertility to a certain extent.

  Effects of Acid Regulation in Neutral Soil on Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Blueberry MU Chan, QIAN Rongqing, LI Hongyang, CAI Shujiang, WANG Hongwei, YAO Zhaobing, WANG Xuefang, ZHANG Cuiping, LIN Jiaojiao, YANG Shaocong 2024, 14 (2):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0064 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 24 ) In order to find out the acid adjusting method for growing blueberries in neutral soil in Yuxi City, six treatments were designed for ‘jewel’ blueberries, L1 (organic fertilizer for blueberries 1 kg/plant+ soil improvement of acidic substrate 10 L/plant+ sulfur powder 100 g/plant), L2 (organic fertilizer for blueberries 1 kg/plant+ soil improvement of acidic substrate 10 L/plant), L3 (peat 10 L/plant+ sulfur powder 100 g/plant), L4 (peat 10 L/plant+ sulfur powder 200 g/plant), L5 (soil improvement of acidic substrate 10 L/plant+ sulfur powder 100 g/plant), L6 (soil improvement of acidic substrate 10 L/plant+ sulfur powder 200 g/plant). The effects of different acid-regulating materials on rhizosphere pH, growth index and nutrient absorption of blueberry were studied in neutral soil in greenhouse. The results showed that on the neutral soil with pH 6.94, different acid-adjusting materials had significant effects on soil pH, blueberry growth and nutrient absorption. Rhizosphere soil pH at harvest was 5.05 and 5.00 for L1 and L6, 5.23 for L4 and 5.31 for L5, 5.64 for L3 and 6.25 for L2. The order of growth indexes such as plant height, branch number and shade width, fresh fruit weight per plant and fresh leaf weight was L1>L6>L4>L5>L3>L2. Therefore, when L1 or L6 treatment is applied on neutral soil, the pH of rhizosphere soil during the whole growth period is maintained between 4.28 and 5.05, which is most conducive to the normal growth of blueberries. The methods provide effective technical support for planting blueberries in neutral soil.

  Prediction of Potential Suitable Areas for Protective Plant Opisthopappus in China SHI Jinmei, LI Yujing, LI Zhouxu, HAN Hongying, CHANG Yue, LI Liangtao 2024, 14 (2):  60-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0068 Abstract + ( 34 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2073KB )   ( 30 ) In order to analyze the geographical distribution and influencing factors of Opisthopappus in China, MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software were used to predict the potential suitable distribution areas of Opisthopappus in China. The results showed as follows: Opisthopappus was mainly distributed in the junction of Henan, Hebei and Shanxi Provinces. The distribution range of the suitable area was 31.5°-40.5°N and 112.5°-120.3°E. The total area of suitable area was 218600 km2. Six environmental variables including the average temperature in the coldest quarter, annual precipitation, the ratio of diurnal and annual temperature differences, the standard deviation of seasonal temperature changes, the lowest temperature in the coldest month and the average temperature in the driest season, were the main factors affecting the distribution of Opisthopappus. The AUC value of MaxEnt model was 0.994, indicating that the prediction result of the model was excellent. Under the future climate scenario change, the potential suitable area of Opisthopappus is gradually reduced, so relevant departments should pay great attention to it and take effective protection measures actively.

  Design and Simulation Analysis of the Fishway with Different Side Vertical Seams in Practical Engineering GAO Yu, ZHANG Yichuang, ZHAO Xinglong, HAN Lei, LI Yang 2024, 14 (2):  68-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0076 Abstract + ( 38 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2222KB )   ( 30 ) The vertical slit fishway has the characteristics of good flow conditions of water, clear location of the reflux zone, and strong adaptability to changes in upstream and downstream water levels. It is currently a high efficient and widely used fish passing engineering facility. In order to increase the effectiveness of fish migration in the research area, according to regulatory requirements, three types of fishway tank compartments were preliminarily designed, and numerical simulation methods were used to explore the impact of changes in baffle types on the flow structure of water of the tank compartments at a constant depth of 2 meters both upstream and downstream. The baffle type was optimized by analyzing the water flow pattern inside the pool, the velocity distribution at the vertical joints, and the energy dissipation effect. By changing the size of the second type of baffle, the width of the vertical joint was reduced from 0.6 m to 0.5 m. Under the premise of flow pattern of good water in the tank and flow velocity at the vertical joint, the maximum flow velocity near the vertical joint was reduced to less than the design flow velocity of 1.2 m/s; and the flow capacity of the optimized body under different conditions of equal water depth was calculated. When the water depth changed between 0.5 m and 2.0 m, the flow capacity of the fishway was between 0.236 m3/s and 0.951 m3/s. The flow pattern of good water inside the pool and the rationality of the velocity distribution at the vertical joints provided a good channel for the trace back of most fish in the study area, and the flow capacity at different water depths provided a reference for the operation and scheduling of the fishway.

  The Influence of Agricultural Planting Structure Adjustment on Agricultural Mechanization in Guangxi WEI Jingnan, BAI Yuhang 2024, 14 (2):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0080 Abstract + ( 45 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1310KB )   ( 21 ) Adjustment of agricultural planting structure is the main content of agricultural supply-side reform, and is also an important measure to promote farmers’ income. In order to study the impact of agricultural planting structure adjustment on agricultural mechanization, based on the panel data of 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi, we empirically analyzed the impact of agricultural planting structure adjustment on the development level of regional agricultural mechanization in Guangxi by the fixed-effect model. The results show that: the adjustment of agricultural planting structure has no direct impact on agricultural mechanization. Rural road facilities and agricultural operation scale have significant positive impact on the development level of regional agricultural mechanization. The increase of farmers’ income has a mediating effect on the development level of agricultural mechanization in Guangxi. According to the research results, the level of agricultural mechanization can be comprehensively improved by improving the rural infrastructure, promoting the moderate scale of agricultural operation, adjusting the agricultural planting structure and increasing farmers’ income.

  Research on Rural Human Settlements at Home and Abroad Based on CiteSpace: A Review LI Jiaying, WANG Yanwei, ZHENG Shanfeng, LI Xin, HUANG Yi 2024, 14 (2):  83-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0045 Abstract + ( 124 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3017KB )   ( 59 ) In order to understand current status and hot issues of rural habitat environment at home and abroad, using CiteSpace literature analysis software, an analysis of those research literatures about rural habitat environment selected from 2002 to 2022 China Knowledge Network (CNKI) and Web of Science core collection database was carried out, and a knowledge map of rural habitat environment research at home and abroad was drawn. The results show that: (1) the number of publications abroad is more than that in China, and the research theories are richer; the cooperation network of research between authors abroad is closer than that in China, indicating more interdisciplinary exchanges; the main publishing institutions at home and abroad are concentrated in universities; the US and China are the main publishing countries. (2) The domestic researches mainly focus on the hard and soft environment of rural areas, including those topics around "rural revitalization", "new rural areas", "rural governance" and "rural development". While the researches abroad focus on the impact of rural habitat on villagers, the topics are mainly around "climate change", "mental health", "physical activity" and "infectious diseases". In the future, the combination of theory and practice in rural habitat research should be further strengthened, and both qualitative and quantitative research methods should be emphasized. Moreover, the depth and breadth of rural habitat research will be expanded based on a multidisciplinary perspective.

  Peasant Household’s Decision-making Willingness of Land Circulation and Its Influencing Factors——A Case Study of Rongchang District in Chongqing XIN Guixin, DENG Hua 2024, 14 (2):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0075 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1650KB )   ( 26 ) With the overall victory against poverty and the deepening of the strategy of rural revitalization, the land transfer in mountainous and hilly areas has attracted increasing attention from all walks of life. Based on the endogenous perspective of peasant household endowment, this paper discusses the relationship between land transfer and household characteristics of peasant households, and constructs a variable index system affecting the decision-making intention of peasant households on land transfer using the questionnaire data of 333 peasant households in Rongchang District of Chongqing. Through Logistic regression model analysis, it is found that farmers' willingness to make decisions on land transfer depends on their family endowment characteristics to a certain extent. The significance of influencing factors is ranked as farmer gender > proportion of crop income > farmer age > per capita cultivated land area > degree of cultivated land fragmentation, indicating that men still play a leading role in family decision-making. The age of the head of the household, the proportion of the household planting income, the per capita cultivated land area of the household, the degree of cultivated land fragmentation and the decision intention of land transfer have a strong inverse relationship. Therefore, in order to build a stable long-term land circulation relationship, the policy design should pay attention to make up for the shortcomings in the endowment of rural households, and promote the improvement of their economic status or development capacity through the income distribution and sharing mechanism.