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• 2024 Vol.14 No.3 Published:20 March 2024

  Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Applying Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Maize in Dry Farming Area BIAN Jinxia, WANG Ping 2024, 14 (3):  13-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0186 Abstract + ( 83 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1456KB )   ( 35 ) The purpose is to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer on maize growth and yield, and to assess the feasibility of achieving high yield by reducing chemical fertilizer. A two-year (2019 to 2020) field experiment was carried out using maize ‘Jinkai 5’ with six treatments including no fertilizer (CK), commercial organic fertilizer (T1), traditional chemical fertilizer (T2), traditional chemical fertilizer plus commercial organic fertilizer (T3), traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 15% plus commercial organic fertilizer (T4) and traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 30% plus commercial organic fertilizer (T5) by a randomized blocks design. The results showed that compared with CK, all fertilization treatments in 2 years could promote the growth of maize, significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs, and improve the agronomic efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of maize yield. The order of influence on growth and yield was T3>T4>T5>T2>T1>CK. Compared with T2, the plant height, spike height, leaf area index, accumulation of dry matter at different growth stages, yield, water use efficiency and agricultural efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers of each organic fertilizer substitution treatment (T4 and T5) increased by 0.24%-3.12%, 0.28%-3.27%, 2.36%-8.91%, 4.14%-24.40%, 4.38%-11.20%, 9.06%-13.20%, and 0.44%-24.80%, respectively. In conclusion, replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (T3, T4, and T5) could significantly improve maize growth and increase yield. The 30% reduction in fertilizer application (T5) will not adversely affect the yield of maize, and replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (T5) was a fertilizer saving and high efficient fertilization method for increasing water use efficiency, agronomic efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity in the dry farming area.

  High-throughput Detection System for Carotenoids: Establishment and Application in Pumpkin SONG Hui, AN Xuejun, HUANG Yunping, ZHANG Xiangqin 2024, 14 (3):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0041 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1651KB )   ( 17 ) In order to establish the high-throughput system of extraction and detection for carotenoids in pumpkin, the pumpkin flesh was used as material, the optimum extraction solution, temperature and material-liquid ratio were determined and optimized by single factor experiments and L27(313) orthogonal experimental design, respectively. The results showed that ethanol was the best extraction solution for extracting carotenoids from pumpkin. The pumpkin pulp was extracted with material-ethanol liquidratio of 1:28at 55℃ for 90min, and the yield of carotenoids was significantly higher [(7.56±0.14) mg/100 g] than other combinations. Among the extraction conditions of carotenoids, temperature showed the greatest influence on extraction efficiency, followed by the interaction of material-liquid ratio × extraction time and extraction time × temperature. The carotenoid contents of 23 different types of pumpkin were detected by high-throughput extraction and detection system. The Cucurbita maximam variety of ‘Beili No.4’and the C. moschata × C. maximam inbred line of 20F8 showed the significantly higher carotenoid contents [(31.40±0.35) mg/100 g] and (24.72±0.72) mg/100 g, respectively)] than other tested pumpkin, which could be used for cultivating new pumpkin varieties rich in carotenoids. The efficient detection system for carotenoids content in pumpkin was labor-saving and accurate, which would improve the efficiency of pumpkin nutrition quality breeding.

  Correlation Analysis Between Yield and Agronomic Traits of Low Density Planted Fresh Faba Bean Varieties LI Yanlan, PU Guangfa, ZHANG Na, XU Xuezhong, HU Xinzhou, CHAI Mengting, ZHANG Xuesong, LIU Jianjian, LI Xiang, CHEN Mengli, ZHANG Bin, REN Jingmei, YANG Jincheng 2024, 14 (3):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0093 Abstract + ( 50 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 19 ) To select early maturing fresh faba bean varieties suitable for cultivation around Qilu-Lake, nine varieties were introduced for variety comparison experiments, and correlation analysis was conducted on the main agronomic traits and yield of different varieties. The results showed that pod length, fresh weight per 100 pods, and number of pods per plant were closely related to yield. Increasing any one of the three traits would promote yield while ensuring that other factors remained unchanged. The tested faba bean varieties showed inconsistencies in the growth of flowering and podding periods. The early flowering and podding periods of ‘Yundou Zao 6’ and ‘Yundou Zao 7’ of the faba bean varieties were earlier than that of other varieties, and the podding periods were the longest. ‘Yundou Zao 6’ and ‘Yudou 3’ had good yield potential in the study area, but the high and stable yield between the years and the regions needs further experimental study.

  Effect on Rice Growth and Yield Increase: Seed Soaking with Iron Chlorin Soluble Powder ZHANG Guo, YU Julong, LING Hong, YAO Kebing, YU Xiangyang, CHENG Jinjin, ZHU Feng, ZHOU Chen, SHU Zhaolin, ZHAO Laicheng 2024, 14 (3):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2023-0028 Abstract + ( 46 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1365KB )   ( 23 ) To explore the effect of 0.02% chlorin iron SP on rice growth and yield after seed soaking and its dosage, the 'Nanjing 9108' was used as experimental variety. Rice seeds were soaked in 0.02% chlorin iron SP at different concentrations. 0.0016%, 28(s)-homobrassinolide AS and 0.136% gibberellic acid·indoleacetic acid·brassinolide SP were used as control agents, and the seeds with water immersion as blank control. The rice growth status was investigated at seedling stage, tillering stage and maturity stage, respectively, and the yields were measured at harvest stage. The results showed as follows: seed soaking with 0.02% chlorin iron did not affect the germination of rice, but the emergence rate of rice decreased with the increase of chlorin iron concentration. Seed soaking with 0.02% chlorin iron increased the fresh weight, root number and tillering percentage of rice seedling. When 0.02% chlorin iron was diluted 15000-10000 times, it could increase the panicle length, the number of solid grains and improve the rice yield. Therefore, seed soaking with 0.02% chlorin iron 15000-10000 times solution can promote rice growth, improve rice yield. The demonstration application can be expanded in rice production.

  Prediction of Suitable Growing Areas of Solidago canadensis L. Based on Maxent and ArcGIS CHANG Yue, LI Yujing, LI Zhouxu, HAN Hongying, SHI Jinmei, LI Liangtao 2024, 14 (3):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0097 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2174KB )   ( 24 ) To study the suitable growth areas and distribution influencing factors of Solidago canadensis L. in China for effective prevention and control, the Maximum Entropy model (Maxent) and ArcGIS software were used to predict the potential habitat of Solidago canadensis L. in China under current and future (2041—2060 and 2061—2080) climate models. The results showed that the predicted AUC value of the current fitness zone was 0.933 and the model prediction results were ideal; the distribution of the fitness zone was mainly influenced by the maximum temperature and precipitation; the potential fitness zone was mainly distributed in east and central China, mainly in the whole area of Shanghai, south-central Jiangsu Province, central Anhui Province, northern Jiangxi Province, eastern Hunan Province, eastern Hubei Province, and some parts of Zhejiang Province and the area along the coastline. Over time, from 2041 to 2060, the area of the middle and high fitness zones will increase by 1060400 km2 and the low fitness zone will increase by 1106200 km2 compared with the present; from 2061 to 2080, the area of the high and middle fitness zones will increase by 1109900 km2 and the low fitness zone will increase by 1115500 km2 compared with the present. Overall, under future climate change, the habitat zone of Solidago canadensis L. shows a trend of continuous expansion, and it is suggested that the relevant authorities should develop a responsive hierarchical management strategy based on the changing trend of its potential habitat zone to prevent further spread.

  Comparative Study of Aggregate Stability and Organic Carbon Fraction in Two Types of Paddy Soils under Tobacco-rice Rotation in Central Hunan LU Feng, HE Jiewang, XIAO Zhipeng, TANG Jianning, MA Mingyun, XIA Fan, LONG Fei, XIAO Mengyu, QIAN Chuanlin 2024, 14 (3):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2023-0063 Abstract + ( 35 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1398KB )   ( 22 ) To reveal the difference in the stability of soil aggregates and the effect of organic carbon in two typical paddy soils with the farming mode of tobacco-rice rotation, the distribution and stability of soil aggregates, the content of organic carbon components and their relationships in two typical paddy soils were studied, sampled from the field of tobacco-rice rotation region in central Hunan Province. The results showed that the content of >0.25 mm aggregates, mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of red paddy soil (RPS) were higher than those of purple paddy soil (PPS), but its fractal dimension (D) was lower, indicating that soil structure and aggregate stability of RPS was better than those of PPS; meanwhile, content of total organic carbon (TOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in RPS was significantly higher than those in PPS, but there was no significant difference in content of easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) between RPS and PPS; the MWD and GMD of RPS and PPS were significantly positively correlated with TOC, EOC and POC, while D showed significant negative correlation; although the content of >0.25 mm aggregates in two types of soil were significantly positively correlated with TOC, EOC and POC, but the influence of organic carbon on >0.25 mm aggregates of RPS was greater than those of PPS. Meanwhile, the influence of POC on >0.25 mm aggregates in two types of soil was greater than that of EOC. To cultivate aggregates and improve structure of RPS and PPS with the farming mode of tobacco-rice rotation, the content of soil organic carbon and its fractions should be increased.

  Cd Accumulation Characteristics of Zizania latifolia in Polluted Farmland and Safety Threshold of Cd in Producing Areas DING Liqun, CHEN Yuhang, ZHANG Mingkui 2024, 14 (3):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0071 Abstract + ( 38 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1181KB )   ( 12 ) To understand the characteristics of Cd uptake and accumulation by Zizania latifolia, 57 pairs of Zizania latifolia organs (roots, short stems, leaves and fleshy stems) and topsoil samples were collected from Cd-polluted fields in Zhejiang Province to study the accumulation of Cd in different organs of Zizania latifolia and its relationship with soil Cd content. The results showed that Cd accumulated in different organs of Zizania latifolia decreased in the order of root>short stem>leaf>fleshy stem. The average enrichment coefficients of Cd in root, short stem, leaf and fleshy stem were 1.553, 0.675, 0.222 and 0.077, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that Cd accumulated in different organs of Zizania latifolia was positively correlated with total soil Cd, and their correlation coefficients with various organs from high to low was root>short stem>leaf>fleshy stem. The enrichment coefficients of Cd in various organs of Zizania latifolia decreased with the increase of soil pH value. A high proportion of Cd in roots was found in oxide iron-bound form, which indicated that the accumulated iron oxides on the root surface of Zizania latifolia could prevent Cd from entering into its aboveground part. The preliminary analysis showed that when the soil pH≤5.5, 5.5<pH≤6.5, 6.5<pH≤7.5, and corresponding total Cd content in the soils was below 1.00, 1.25 and 2.00 mg/kg, respectively, the Cd content in the fleshy stem of Zizania latifolia was below 0.050 mg/kg, which could meet the requirements of safe production. The study showed that the edible part (fleshy stem) of Zizania latifolia had the characteristics of low Cd accumulation, which could be used as a substitute for rice in the farmland with medium and light Cd pollution.

  Application Effect Evaluation of PE Mulch with Different Thickness on Spring Peanut ZHANG Xiangsong, FANG Xiaoyan, YU Tianyi, LI Rong, WU Fukun, JIANG Feng, WANG Xianjie 2024, 14 (3):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0094 Abstract + ( 29 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 16 ) To investigate the application effect of PE mulch with different thicknesses on spring peanuts, the soil temperature, moisture, residual film recovery and growth of spring peanut with four different thicknesses of PE mulch (0.004, 0.008, 0.010, 0.015 mm) were studied, and the non-mulching treatment was used as the control. The result showed that the average temperatures of the soil 10 cm under the mulch were increased by 1.41-2.58℃, and the accumulated temperature of peanut during the growth period was increased effectively. Compared with the non-mulching treatment, the peanut yield increased by 8.78%-9.92% with the 0.004-0.01 mm mulch treatments, while the peanut yield with the 0.015 mm mulch treatment decreased by 6.20%. The total pod number covered with 0.004-0.01 mm plastic film were about 120 per hole, which were significantly higher than those of the non-mulching treatment and 0.015 mm mulch treatment. Compared with 0.004 mm mulch treatment, the proportion of effective needles of 0.008, 0.01, and 0.015 mm mulch treatments decreased by 9.97%, 11.51% and 25.49%, while the full fruit rate increased from 46.38% to 65.52%. Standard mulch has a certain impact on peanut needles, and measures such as increasing the hole diameter of the membrane rupture and improving the quality of soil covering the seed row on the film can be taken to promote peanut needles. Application of standard mulch improves the recyclability of waste mulch. Peanuts are harvested by excavating strip-laying harvesters, and more than 90% of the mulch film can be carried away from the field by peanut straw. Then the mulch removal kneading machine can be used to separate the mulch from peanut straw and realize the recycling and utilization of mulch and peanut straw.

  Analysis of Fruit Expansion Pattern and Soluble Solid Content of Different Batches of ‘Cuimi’ Kumquat WU Xuanke, HUANG Wei, HE Zhengling, ZHENG Hong, CHEN Yixin, YAO Yuqun 2024, 14 (3):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0062 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 26 ) Fruit expansion rule and dynamic change of soluble solid content of different batches of ‘Cuimi’ kumquat was studied. ‘Cuimi’ kumquat in Rong’an County of Guangxi was used as the experimental material. The transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of the fruit were measured during the expansion period of different batches of fruits, and the soluble solids content of the fruit was measured at the maturity stage. The results showed that in the fruit enlargement stage of ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, the first and second batches of fruits were easy to form large fruits, and the third batch of fruits was smaller. In the early stage of fruit ripening, the soluble solids content of the second batch of fruit was the highest, and in the middle and late stages, the soluble solids content of the third batch of fruit was the highest. The results showed that the first and second batches of fruits expanded early, lasted for a long time to form large fruits, and the soluble solid content was also high, and the market price was high. Therefore, corresponding measures should be taken to preserve the first and second batches of fruits in production, so as to improve the yield and increase the benefit.

  Oxidase Content Analysis of Wencheng Glutinous Rice Yam SUN Caixia, LIU Yuhong, XIA Qile, XU Mingfei, ZHENG Weiran 2024, 14 (3):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0105 Abstract + ( 33 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1708KB )   ( 15 ) In order to understand the background oxidase content of glutinous rice yam, and to facilitate technological research and development for post-harvest processing, seven main samples of glutinous rice yam from Wencheng County were taken as the research objects, and two years tracking analysis was carried out. The contents of Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Peroxidase (POD) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in glutinous rice yam were detected and quantitative data were obtained. The results showed that, oxidase content in glutinous rice yam was affected by particular year and production bases. Oxidase content of different edible parts was SOD 69.15-163.71 U/g, POD 112.34-363.75 U/g and PPO 123.84-195.18 U/g. Oxidase content and browning degree was: middle part> lower part> upper part. The results will be helpful to post-harvest storage and quality control of glutinous rice yam.

  The Advance of Diagnostic Techniques on Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex XIONG Shaobin, TANG Rong, ZHANG Sen, OU Jing, LIU Xiaodong, HOU Xiufa, DOU Xiaoxia, YUAN Jinhua, YUAN Jintong 2024, 14 (3):  73-80.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0101 Abstract + ( 45 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1255KB )   ( 34 ) Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), also known as “Shipping fever”, is a generic term for respiratory system diseases, which includes pneumonia and bronchitis, caused by many kinds of bacteria, viruses and diverse physiological stresses, and occurs at high frequency among calves. BRDC is widely distributed around the world, causing huge economic losses to the global cattle farming industry. With the development of cattle industry in China, BRDC has been diagnosed at beef cattle farms and dairy farms in many provinces, and severely impeded the healthy development of cattle industry in China. Because of complex etiology and difficulty in treatment, it is crucial to develop accurate and fast diagnostic method for the prevention and control of BRDC. This review summarized research achievement about diagnostic techniques of BRDC for decades to provide reference for the prevention, control and in-depth research of this disease.

  Effect Evaluation of Rural Human Settlements Improvement Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy——Take Shanshan County of Xinjiang as an Example KADEYEGULI·Maierdan, HAILIQIEMU·Siyiti 2024, 14 (3):  81-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0083 Abstract + ( 37 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1511KB )   ( 7 ) Taking the improvement of rural living environment in Shanshan County, Xinjiang as the research sample, a field survey was conducted on the situation of rural living environment improvement in Shanshan County, Xinjiang through questionnaire survey and interviews. Based on the strategic plan for rural revitalization, an evaluation index system for the effectiveness of rural living environment improvement in Shanshan County, Xinjiang was constructed. The weight of the index was determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the overall evaluation of the effectiveness of six rural living environment improvement tasks in Shanshan County was finally conducted by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluation results indicate that the overall evaluation value of rural living environment improvement in Shanshan County is 2.9186, of which the evaluation value of village planning and management effect is 2.8817, the evaluation value of toilet revolution and fecal pollution treatment effect is 2.8392, the evaluation value of rural domestic sewage treatment effect is 2.8816, the evaluation value of rural domestic waste treatment effect is 3.1291, the evaluation value of village appearance improvement effect is 3.1480, and the evaluation value of construction and management mechanism effect is 2.610. Based on the research results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of rural living environment improvement in Shanshan County, the problems in the process of rural living environment improvement in Shanshan County are analyzed. In order to improve the effectiveness of rural living environment improvement in Shanshan County, it is proposed optimization strategies and suggestions in four aspects: increasing the participation of villagers in living environment improvement, carrying out toilet renovation and manure treatment according to local conditions, accelerating the efforts of rural domestic sewage treatment, and establishing the long-term management and protection mechanisms for rural living environment. The study provides prospects for future research priorities and directions of rural living environment improvement.

  Research Progress of Rural Infrastructure Construction at Home and Abroad: Visual Analysis of Literature Metrology Based on CiteSpace CHI Jiangtao, WANG Yanwei, ZHENG Shanfeng 2024, 14 (3):  91-105.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0091 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 5293KB )   ( 26 ) In order to systematically review the research progress and hot frontiers of rural infrastructure construction at home and abroad, 4609 papers collected from the core collection database of Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2000 to 2022 were used as data samples, and the visual analysis software CiteSpace and bibliometric research method were applied to analyze the research status, keyword clustering and emerging keyword of the rural infrastructure construction at home and abroad. The results showed that the overall trend of domestic and foreign publications was increasing, and foreign research was hotter than domestic research. Domestic research was more focused on economics, financial and other disciplines, while foreign research involved disciplines of environment, science, ecology, etc. There was less cooperation between domestic and foreign scholars, and domestic institutions had fewer project exchanges and research cooperation with each other compared with foreign research institutions. Foreign research keywords mainly focused on green infrastructure, rural health, rural electrification and sustainable livelihoods, while domestic research keywords mainly included rural revitalization, farmland water conservancy and rural economy, etc. At present, foreign research mainly focused on renewable energy and sustainable development, while domestic research focused on rural revitalization and rural e-commerce, etc. Finally, the future research prospects in the field of rural infrastructure construction in China were discussed, and the areas of sustainable rural infrastructure construction, green infrastructure construction and rural information infrastructure construction could be paid attention to in the follow-up research.

  The Role and Implementation Strategy of Talents and Science and Technology in the Construction of Agricultural Power WU Junze, GUO Jingru 2024, 14 (3):  106-109.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0228 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1181KB )   ( 15 ) This study aims to explore the importance of talents and science and technology work for promoting China's agricultural modernization and rural revitalization strategy. By analyzing the practice cases of the Human Resources Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, the key measures and their effects in strengthening the construction of agricultural talent team and scientific and technological innovation are systematically expounded. In terms of talents, the study points out the specific practices of consolidating the foundation of talents, building a talent training platform, and optimizing the talent selection mechanism. By building a multi-level and wide-field talent training system, a large number of high-quality professionals have been transported to the agricultural field. At the same time, by establishing and improving the talent recommendation brand, the identification and promotion of outstanding talents have been effectively promoted. In terms of science and technology work, the key measures include strengthening scientific and technological strategic planning, building an academic exchange platform, and developing agricultural science and technology volunteer services, to improve the ability of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and improve the efficiency and quality of agricultural production. The research conclusions show that talents and science and technology are the dual driving forces for realizing the dream of agricultural power. Only by implementing the strategy of strengthening agriculture with talents and innovation-driven development strategy can we ensure the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture and provide a solid guarantee for the construction of agricultural power.

  Agricultural Science Innovation Under the Guidance of All-encompassing Approach to Food ZHU Changqing, WANG Yue, LIN Liangfu, SUN Chongde 2024, 14 (3):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0230 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 998KB )   ( 19 ) This article explores the guiding significance of the 'all-encompassing approach to food' in fostering agricultural science innovation. It delves into the current challenges and opportunities in agricultural science innovation and proposes ideas and strategies under the guidance of the 'all-encompassing approach to food'. The paper argues that 'all-encompassing approach to food' is the strategic direction of national food security, which requires us to start from better meeting people's needs for a better life, develop food resources in all directions and ways, enrich food varieties, and ensure effective supply of various foods. The paper highlights the existing predicaments in agricultural science innovation, such as the scarcity of foundational data, the disconnection between agricultural production and technology, the uneven distribution of agricultural talents, the sluggish evolution of agricultural logistics systems, and the disparate levels of scientific research across disciplines. It is needed to strengthen gene and phenotype research, establish AI agriculture platform, cultivate compound talents, optimize agricultural product circulation channels, and promote cross-disciplinary communication and cooperation. And it also proposes specific measures for agricultural science innovation such as grasping the initiative of food security, encouraging original innovation of agricultural germplasm resources, developing facility agriculture and smart agriculture, developing biotechnology and bio-industry, promoting structural optimization of agricultural supply system, high-quality and efficient development. Agricultural science innovation under the guidance of 'all-encompassing approach to food' will become an important driving force for future agricultural development and contribute to food security and national health.