Current issue

• 2024 Vol.14 No.9 Published:20 September 2024

  Effects of Soybean-Maize Belt Compound Planting on Maize Matter Production and Distribution in Ningxia Irrigation Area LI Zhenming, XIANG Feng, JIN Xin, JIN Long, HA Dongxing, ZHU Zhiming, MA Xiaomin, ZHAO Rulang, WANG Yonghong 2024, 14 (9):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0204 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 28 ) To study the effect of banded composite planting pattern on maize material production and distribution in Ningxia irrigation area. This study explored the impact of the soybean-corn strip compound planting model located in the Ningxia irrigated area on the production and distribution of corn matter. Four kinds of strip composite planting patterns demonstrated and planted in Ningxia were selected for the experiment, soybean-corn S3:M2, S4:M2, S3:M4, S4:M4, with the control being monoculture corn (M). The maize test varieties was ‘Xianyu 1225’, the soybean varieties for test was ‘Zhonghuang 30’, the maize planting density was 82500 plants/hm2, and the soybean planting density was 150000 plants/hm2. The test results showed that compared with monoculture corn, the dry matter of corn planted in strip composite planting at maturity was reduced by 7.9%-30.4% per plant, with the smallest effect of S3:M4 and the largest effect of S4:M2; the total dry matter at maturity was reduced by 4.3%-42.7%. The dry matter allocation of female ears at maturity was reduced by 0.5% to 40.5%, with S3:M4 having the smallest effect and S4:M2 having the largest effect. Corn yield was reduced by 25.1% to 41.4%, the number of ears harvested decreased by 4.2% to 14.9%, thousand kernel weights decreased by 0.5% to 3.6%, and the number of grains per ear decreased by 5.2% to 10.8%. Soybean-corn strip composite planting pattern had less dry matter in the female ears than corn alone, and the accumulation of dry matter in the female ears at the spatula stage began to decrease, and the yield was reduced.

  Occurrence Regularity of Wheat Yellow Mosaic Disease in Zaozhuang from 2018 to 2022 and Fungicides Control Techniques in Spring CHONG Dongdong, YANG Ning, ZHAO Shihua, LIU Shuyan, DONG Yan, LI Rui, WANG Baogang 2024, 14 (9):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0208 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 36 ) In order to effectively control wheat yellow mosaic disease at seedling stage and reduce the effect on wheat yield, the occurrence of wheat yellow mosaic disease was investigated in the field from 2018, and the regularity of occurrence of wheat yellow mosaic disease was analyzed systematically. From 2022 to 2023 year, three plots were selected to conduct pesticide control experiments at seedling stage, two sprays of 20% moroxydine hydrochloride WP 2250 g + 30% difluorophos WP 750 g + 0.01% brassinolide soluble solution 225 mL + 6% oligosaccharide·Chain protein WP 1200 g + 98% Monopotassium phosphate 2250 g + 750 g water soluble fertilizer containing amino acids were applied to wheat at rising stage, the area was 1333.4, 666.7, 666.7 m2 respectively, and the control was sprayed with water, the area was 1333.4, 666.7, 666.7 m2respectively. The results showed that spraying fungicide could reduce the severity of wheat yellow mosaic disease, and the average control effect was 29.6% and 42.46%, respectively, and the average plant height and fresh weight increased by 3.24 cm and 0.44 g, respectively, the average number of secondary roots per plant increased by 3.17. The yields of the three plots were 5657.85, 6777.12, 7868.37 kg/hm2, respectively, and those of the control were 4776.52, 5435.58, 7223.63 kg/hm2, respectively. The yields of the three plots were increased by 881.32, 1341.54, and 644.75 kg/hm2, respectively, the average yield increase was 955.87 kg and 17.35%. Spraying fungicide at the seedling stage of wheat can reduce the damage degree of the disease and achieve the effect of preventing disease, reducing damage and increasing yield of wheat.

  Research Progress of Ginger Plague and Continuous Cropping Obstacle in Ginger GE Liqing, LIAO Liyan, SUN Chunmei, LI Chaolian, ZHANG Qiongxian, HAN Qingli 2024, 14 (9):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0181 Abstract + ( 69 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1062KB )   ( 31 ) This paper mainly describes the occurrence, causes and prevention and control technology of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, briefly describes the relationship between ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, summarizes the research progress of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles from the aspects of ginger plague, pathogenic bacteria, control status and technology, and summarizes the effective prevention and control methods of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil, rotating cultivation and soil fumigation. It is pointed out that there are few researches on pathogenic bacteria, accumulation of self-toxic substances in ginger and rhizosphere microorganisms at present, and relevant suggestions are proposed, in order to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of ginger plague, slow down the obstacles of continuous cropping, and promote the development of ginger industry and sustainable production.

  Effects of Co-pyrolysis Biochar on Remediation of Cadmium Pollution in Farmland Soil and Absorption and Accumulation of Cadmium in Rice CHEN Wei, YU Qian, YE Zhengqian, SHI Yanping 2024, 14 (9):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0196 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 67 ) Cadmium (Cd) pollution in farmland soil seriously affects the quality of cultivated land and food security. To provide new materials for the remediation of Cd pollution in farmland soil, the effects of co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd absorption and accumulation in rice and soil improvement were investigated by preparation and application of co-pyrolysis biochar. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of three different amounts of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd transport and migration characteristics and bioavailability in various organs of rice. The results showed that the application of co-pyrolysis biochar could reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice grains, reduce the toxicity to rice plants, increase soil fertility and promote the growth of rice. Compared with no co-pyrolysis biochar addition, the soil pH of biochar treatment increased by 0.06-0.12 units, and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 37.20%-78.27%, 49.62%-134.10% and 20.79%-35.26%, respectively. After adding co-pyrolysis biochar, the available Cd content in soil decreased significantly by 11.11%-26.98% (P<0.05), and the Cd content in rice grain decreased significantly by 23.46%-47.49% (P<0.05). The application of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar in the field can improve soil fertility, soil environmental quality, and reduce Cd content in rice grains. The effect was most significantly when the amount of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar was 15 t/hm2.

  Advances of Computer Vision and Intelligent Identification Technology in Flue-cured Tobacco Grading LI Jing, YANG Ping, LUO You, DA Baciren, HE Qiang, HE Xuejia, HAN Tianhua, HE Biao 2024, 14 (9):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0176 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 20 ) Intelligent identification technology is a technology to recognize, judge and simulate images and videos by simulating the visual performance and thinking model of mankind. This paper listed the latest research of computer vision and intelligent identification technology in automatic grading of flue-cured tobacco from image and near infrared spectrum acquisition, feature extraction and intelligent identification model, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different intelligent identification model. At last, we put forward the robustness and accuracy of defect in identification model, and the application of intelligent recognition and multi-dimensional characteristic data fusion in tobacco grade determination would be the future research direction.

  Research Progress on the Application of the Protective Net in Facility Agriculture MA Chi, LI Shixiong, FAN Zhengke, XU Yanyan, CHEN Minghui, SUN Kaifei 2024, 14 (9):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0173 Abstract + ( 41 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1365KB )   ( 23 ) As a new protection method for agricultural disaster, new varieties of protective nets have been developed and promoted in recent years, which provide new idea for human to improve agriculture protection conditions and reduce agriculture disaster. This paper introduced the present application status of various agricultural protective nets, expounded the influence of specification parameters of protective nets on crop growth, analyzed the defects in the application of the protective nets at present, and prospected the development direction of protective nets in the future.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Chinese Waxy Corn Research Based on CNKI Chang Junxiang, WANG Xiaoxing, Zhang Qi, Liu Guihai, Xu Pei, Yuan Mingyue, Li Jianjun 2024, 14 (9):  38-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0192 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2155KB )   ( 60 ) In order to comprehensively grasp the research trends of waxy corn in China, the journal papers from 2002 to 2022 included in the CNKI journal database were taken as the research object, and the analysis was carried out from the aspects of the number of papers, institutions, authors, journals, highly cited papers, and keyword co-occurrence by Excel, SATI, and VOSviewer. The results showed that the average annual number of papers published in all Chinese waxy corn research journals was 229, with 343 core authors. The core journal had an average annual of 59 articles and 146 core authors. Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the largest number of papers and Yangzhou University had the largest number of core journals papers. The largest number of articles published in Agricultural Science and Technology Newsletter was 254, accounting for 5.27% of the total number of documents. The core journal Maize Science had a maximum of 157 papers, accounting for 12.66% of the total number of papers. The highly cited papers were published in the journal with high academic level, such as Chinese Agricultural Science, Journal of Crops, and Maize Science with high citation of more than 50%, highlighting their core position and academic level. The keyword co-occurrence figures revealed that the waxy corn researches mainly involved the following aspects: (1) the cultivation of waxy corn, including the influence of cultivation modes and factors on the growth and yield of waxy corn; (2) the quality of waxy corn, including its starch characteristics and nutritional value; (3) germplasm resources and breeding techniques of new waxy corn varieties; (4) research on biological stress of waxy corn; (5) the impact of abiotic stress on the growth of waxy corn; (6) the problems and development strategies in the development of waxy corn industry; (7) the processing and preservation technology of waxy corn. In future waxy corn research, we can focus on creating high-quality waxy corn germplasm, quality research of waxy corn, research of efficient breeding technology systems and breeding high-quality new varieties, and standardized and efficient planting techniques.

  Evaluation Index of Composite Adversity Disaster Damage of Rainy and Low Light at Rice Flowering Period in Cold Region LV Jiajia, CHU Zheng, GUO Lifeng, LI Yuguang, LIU Xu, DING Haijiu, WANG Qiujing, ZHOU Baocai 2024, 14 (9):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0189 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1745KB )   ( 27 ) Heilongjiang Province serves as the primary cultivation region for high-quality japonica rice production in China. The occurrence of heavy rainfall during the flowering period significantly impacts the seed setting rate of rice in cold regions, resulting in a decrease in yield. It is important to establish the identification index of the occurrence of rainy and low light conditions and quantitatively assess the yield loss for ensuring the domestic supply of high-quality rice and national food security. In this study, a multi-layer grey correlation analysis method was adopted to investigate the grey relationship among disaster factors, crop yield structure and final yield by combining meteorological, growth period, yield data and disaster historical data, and to construct the rice rainy and low light composite index (RSCI) in cold region, and establish the correlation degree model between complex adversity and yield loss rate. Based on K-mean clustering analysis method and historical typical disaster years, the critical value and grade of disaster were determined, and the evaluation index of yield loss caused by rainy and low light weather was established. The critical threshold and yield loss rate of rice with mild, moderate and severe rainfall were studied. The results of historical disaster verification showed that the identification rate of rainy and low light was 100%, and the identification accuracy rate of yield loss rate was higher than 80%. From 1958 to 2021, the frequency of rice rainy and low-light disasters in different degrees in the province was as follows: mild was higher than moderate and severe, and the frequency of rice rainy and low-light disasters in the northern agricultural area was higher than that in the southern agricultural area. In this study, the identification index of the occurrence of rain and light combination was constructed to provide technical support for quantitative evaluation of yield loss.

  Optimum Sowing Date and Variety Selection of Potato in Northern Shanxi Province in The Future Based on DSSAT Crop Model ZHANG Na, MA Yali, ZHANG Jianxin, WANG Dayong 2024, 14 (9):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0187 Abstract + ( 40 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1503KB )   ( 20 ) The paper aimed to explore the change characteristics of optimum sowing date and cultivar heat resistance of potato with climate change in North Shanxi based on DSSAT crop, and the yield increase effect of the optimum sowing date or optimum variety was quantitatively analyzed. The simulation experiment was designed with 40 management inputs of sowing date and 7 temperature sensitivity coefficients (TC) under baseline year and future climate change scenarios in Yunzhou of Datong City. The results showed that, in the future, the rising temperature and increase of CO2 concentration would advance the optimum sowing date of potato, and the change of optimum sowing date was mainly due to the rising temperature. Among them, the optimal sowing date would advance 4 days and 5 days at 450 μmol/mol CO2 with 1.5℃ warming and 550 μmol/mol CO2 with 2.0℃ warming, respectively. Adopting the management of optimum sowing date could mitigate climatic negative effects and was in varying degrees of yield increasing effect under each climate change scenario. Among them, the potato yield would increase 10.2% and 20.7% respectively under 450 μmol/mol CO2 with 1.5℃ warming and 550 μmol/mol CO2 with 2.0℃ warming. Production at this time would increase the yield by 12.3% and 20.8%, respectively, over the base year. If changing the varieties with high temperature sensitivity, the heat resistance and yield could increase appropriately, but the increase was limited. Therefore, in the future, early sowing date or cultivation of new varieties with high temperature sensitivity can be adopted in northern Shanxi to reduce the adverse impact of future climate change and ensure stable and high yield of potato.

  Prediction of Low Temperature and Overcast Rain Disaster in Rape Flowering Period Based on Markov Model ZHAO Yi, WANG Xin, GUO Xiang, CHANG Jun, CHEN Dongdong, YANG Desheng 2024, 14 (9):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0221 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 17 ) Low temperature and overcast rain weather during flowering period is one of the main meteorological disasters of rape in Sichuan Basin. Predicting and studying the low temperature and overcast rain weather can provide scientific basis for disaster prevention and reduction of rape. This study was based on the assessment results of the disaster losses of low temperature and overcast rain during rape flowering period at 101 stations in Sichuan Basin from 1961 to 2020. We divided the 60-year sequence into 5 states based on the disaster loss rate, and used Markov test to screen site sequences and select sequences which satisfied the prediction conditions. We set up four models of superposed Markov chain, weighted Markov chain, improved superposed Markov chain, and improved weighted Markov chain to predict the low temperature and overcast rain disaster during the flowering period of rape based on the station sequence passing the Markov test, and performed backtracking and verification on the predicted results. All four Markov models had certain predictive ability, and the improved model had a significant improvement in overall accuracy compared to before, and the distribution of prediction accuracy for various levels of disasters was more uniform than before. In conclusion, the improved Markov model has better predictive performance.

  Response of Soybean Growth and Yield to Heat Change in Northwest Liaoning Province WANG Lulu, ZHAO Lingchen, LIU Min, LI Xiaoting, JIANG Xin, XU Xinyue, ZHANG Shujie, SUN Yingjie 2024, 14 (9):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0218 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 20 ) The key meteorological factors affecting soybean growth and yield were studied to provide reference for soybean production in northwest Liaoning. Using soybean varieties ‘Tiefeng 18’, ‘Tiefeng 29’ and ‘Tiefeng 31’ as materials, the response of soybean growth and yield to heat condition was studied. The results showed that the lower limit sowing temperature of soybean was 8.0℃, and the optimum sowing temperature was 15-20℃, and the yield was the most prominent with sowing in the middle and late May. The accumulated temperature of ≥ 10℃ should be more than 1140.0℃·d in the emergence-flowering stage of soybean, more than 1210.0℃·d in the flowering-maturity stage, and more than 2580℃·d in the whole growth period of soybean. The relationship between accumulated temperature and yield is parabolic function, and the accumulated temperature ≥10℃ between 2800℃ and 3060℃·d is the caloric index of soybean high yield. There are three key temperature periods for soybeans, namely, the rapid growth period of soybean flowering in early to mid-June, the flowering and binding period of soybean in mid to late July, and the granulation period in mid to late August. The temperature in early to mid-June affected the yield by 33.7 kg/(hm2·℃), the temperature in mid-to-late July affected the yield by -17.5 kg/(hm2·℃), and the temperature in mid-to-late August affected the yield by 10.6 kg/(hm2·℃). When the moisture condition is satisfied, the change of temperature is the determining factor for soybean yield and composition. The results of the experiment play a positive guiding role in developing soybean industry to cope with climate change in northwest Liaoning Province.

  Comparative Study on Regional Competitiveness of China's Tea Industry MAO Zhaoqing, ZENG Zhen, SHI Junyi, ZHANG Xiaojiao, YAN Wenguang, FU Chengxiu 2024, 14 (9):  75-85.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0201 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 16 ) Exploring the regional competitive advantages of China's tea industry has important practical significance for optimizing the differentiated development of China's tea industry and promoting high-quality development of the tea industry. Based on the statistical data of China's tea industry from 1991 to 2020, the market share, resource endowment coefficient, and comparative advantage index were used to quantitatively measure the competitiveness of the tea industry in various tea producing provinces in China, the development trend of China's tea industry competitiveness was explored, and countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. The results indicate that: (1) China's tea production is gradually gathering in the southwest and central and eastern regions, especially in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, and Fujian. (2) China's tea industry has strong competitiveness, with a certain market size, resource endowment advantages, and comprehensive comparative advantages. (3) China's tea production has a comparative advantage in scale, showing an overall upward trend, forming a scale advantage production area mainly composed of the central and eastern regions of Fujian, Zhejiang, Hubei, and southwestern regions of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, etc. (4) The comparative advantage of tea production efficiency in China is not significant, and the overall situation is stable, forming an efficiency advantage production area mainly composed of Guangdong, Fujian and other southeast coastal areas. (5) China's tea production has a comprehensive comparative advantage, showing an overall upward trend, and the advantageous regions are relatively stable. The scale comparative advantage has accelerated the continuous enhancement of the "polarization effect" of the comprehensive comparative advantage. To enhance the competitiveness of China's tea industry, it is necessary to combine the advantages and characteristics of tea production regions, scientifically plan the layout of the tea industry, achieve reasonable resource allocation, and promote the improvement, efficiency, transformation, and upgrading of the tea industry.

  Mechanism of Action and Empirical Test of Farmers' Adoption of Ecological Aquaculture Technology——Based on the Micro Survey Data of the South China Sea Area BIN Murong 2024, 14 (9):  86-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0210 Abstract + ( 30 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1431KB )   ( 19 ) In order to explore the mechanism of farmers' adoption behavior of ecological aquaculture technology, based on the theory of farmers' behavior, behavioral economics, and the survey data of 925 farmers around the South China Sea, the Logistic-ISM model was used to clarify the influence of individual characteristics, breeding characteristics, policy factors, economic factors and cognitive factors on farmers' adoption of ecological aquaculture technology, and the hierarchical structure of each significant influencing factor was analyzed. The results indicated that the value cognition of environmental resources, the cognition of environmental impact of aquaculture, the cognition of ecological aquaculture technology, the cognition of pollution control degree of aquaculture, expected income from adoption of ecological aquaculture technology, and regional economic development level were the direct surface factors; non-agricultural employment experience, years of aquaculture, the proportion of breeding income in total household income, government subsidies, the regulation policy supply and risk tendency were the indirect intermediate factors; breeding scale was the deep root factor. Gradually increasing the proportion of ecological aquaculture, improving farmers' ecological rationality through multiple channels, and establishing a stable cost sharing mechanism are beneficial for improving farmers' adoption level of ecological aquaculture technology and promoting green agricultural development.

  Measurement and Spatial Characteristics of Poverty Alleviation Efficiency by E-commerce in Counties of Shaanxi Based on DEA Model WEI Xiaoxiao, XING Jie 2024, 14 (9):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0175 Abstract + ( 45 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1370KB )   ( 49 ) Rural e-commerce is a new engine to assist rural revitalization. Measuring the efficiency of e-commerce poverty alleviation and analyzing its spatial characteristics is of great significance to promote rural revitalization. This paper proposes a method for measuring the poverty alleviation efficiency of e-commerce at county level based on data envelopment analysis to statically measure 84 counties in Shaanxi Province and analyse their spatial characteristics. The results of the study show that the mean value of the comprehensive efficiency of e-commerce poverty alleviation in 84 counties in Guanzhong, northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi is 0.613, the comprehensive efficiency of e-commerce poverty alleviation in most of the districts and counties of Shaanxi is low. northern Shaanxi has the highest comprehensive efficiency of e- commerce poverty alleviation, and the gap with Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi is large. There is the problem of uneven development of e-commerce poverty alleviation in counties of Shaanxi. In terms of spatial characteristics, the development of e-commerce is still at a relatively early stage in counties of Shaanxi, failing to form similar industrial clusters. Based on this, opinions and suggestions on promoting the development of e-commerce poverty alleviation are put forward.