玉米籽粒快脱水研究进展

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19020016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米机械化生产尤其是机收是提高中国玉米综合生产能力、促进农民增收的重要措施,而玉米籽粒含水量是影响玉米机收尤其是粒收的主要因素。本文基于已发表的文献分析了玉米籽粒脱水速率的概念及其快脱水品种培育的重要性,归纳了快脱水玉米种质的挖掘、快脱水性状的遗传与基因定位以及快脱水性状的表型选择方面的研究进展,最后从加强玉米籽粒快脱水等机收性状遗传机制的研究,重视早熟、抗倒、抗病、快脱水等优异种质的挖掘和创制,同时重视育种材料的大田和室内的表型选择等三个方面对快脱水玉米育种进行了展望。

关键词: 玉米, 快脱水, 遗传, 育种, 基因定位, 表型选择

Abstract:

Mechanization production of maize, especially mechanical harvesting, is an important measure to improve the comprehensive production capacity of maize and increase farmers' income. Maize kernel moisture is the main factor affecting maize machine harvesting, especially kernel harvesting. Based on the published literature, the concept of dehydration rate of maize kernels and the importance of rapid dehydration cultivar breeding were analyzed, and the research advances in germplasm mining, heredity and QTL mapping, and phenotypic selection of fast dehydration traits in maize were summarized. Finally, maize breeding for fast dehydration was prospected from three aspects, including strengthening the research on genetic mechanism of quick dehydration and other harvesting traits of maize, paying attention to the mining and creation of excellent germplasms such as early maturity, lodging resistance, disease resistance and rapid dehydration, and conducting field and indoor phenotypic selection of breeding materials.

Key words: Maize, Fast Dehydration, Genetics, Breeding, Genetic Mapping, Phenotypic Selection

中图分类号:

S513

彭长俊, 汤玉军, 陈志明, 王昌余, 崔士友. 玉米籽粒快脱水研究进展[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(6): 9-14.

Peng Changjun, Tang Yujun, Chen Zhiming, Wang Changyu, Cui Shiyou. Rapid Dehydration of Maize Kernel: Research Progress[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2020, 10(6): 9-14.

图/表 2

参考文献 50

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广义遗传力	狭义遗传力	备注	文献序号
	0.77	80份自交系和72个杂交种	[3]
0.54	0.46	12个亲本部分双列杂交设计	[6]
0.81	0.72	9个亲本按不完全双列配置20个组合（籽粒含水量）	[19]
0.81	0.62	脱水速率差异较大、熟期相近的10个自交系Griffing方法I组配杂交组合	[20]
0.79	0.69	6个自交系配置8个组合	[21]
0.81		‘吉846’(脱水快) ×‘掖3189’(脱水慢)衍生的232个重组自交系(F₇),1年2点试验	[22]
0.77		‘边自30’(脱水慢)×‘德美亚1号’(脱水快)衍生的重组自交系群体(100个F_2:7)	[23]
0.76		来自吉林省的80个优良玉米自交系	[28]
0.97	0.64	9个自交系按照NCⅡGriffing遗传交配设计配制成36个杂交组合	[29]

广义遗传力	狭义遗传力	备注	文献序号
	0.77	80份自交系和72个杂交种	[3]
0.54	0.46	12个亲本部分双列杂交设计	[6]
0.81	0.72	9个亲本按不完全双列配置20个组合（籽粒含水量）	[19]
0.81	0.62	脱水速率差异较大、熟期相近的10个自交系Griffing方法I组配杂交组合	[20]
0.79	0.69	6个自交系配置8个组合	[21]
0.81		‘吉846’(脱水快) ×‘掖3189’(脱水慢)衍生的232个重组自交系(F₇),1年2点试验	[22]
0.77		‘边自30’(脱水慢)×‘德美亚1号’(脱水快)衍生的重组自交系群体(100个F_2:7)	[23]
0.76		来自吉林省的80个优良玉米自交系	[28]
0.97	0.64	9个自交系按照NCⅡGriffing遗传交配设计配制成36个杂交组合	[29]