黄腐酸用量对番茄产量及品质的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以番茄‘金鹏M6’为材料,采用盆栽试验方式,研究不同用量黄腐酸对番茄生长、养分吸收、碳氮代谢、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,黄腐酸用量为30 mg/kg时能促进苗期番茄植株生长,增加根系体积及表面积,促进植株氮磷钾养分吸收,提高可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及谷氨酰胺合成酶含量,番茄各项指标达到最高值;与对照不施加黄腐酸相比,番茄可溶性糖和Vc分别增加了43.9%和35.4%,番茄产量提高28.1%。黄腐酸用量为3000 mg/kg时,番茄相关指标与对照相比无显著异。综合材料成本和各项指标,本研究推荐黄腐酸最佳用量为30 mg/kg。

关键词: 番茄, 黄腐酸, 产量, 品质, 碳氮代谢

Abstract:

In this study, tomato variety ‘Jinpeng M6’ was used as the material and pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different amounts of fulvic acid on tomato growth, nutrient absorption, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and yield and quality. The results showed that the dosage of fulvic acid at 30 mg/kg could promote the growth of tomato plants at the seedling stage, increase the root volume and surface area, promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and increase the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and glutamine synthase, and the indexes of tomato reached the highest value. Compared with the control (fulvic acid was not applied), soluble sugar and vitamin C in tomato increased by 43.9% and 35.4%, respectively, and tomato yield increased by 28.1%. When the amount of fulvic acid was 3000 mg/kg, there was no significant difference of tomato-related indexes between the treatment and the control. Based on material cost and various indexes, the optimal dosage of fulvic acid is 30 mg/kg.

Key words: tomato, fulvic acid, yield, quality, carbon and nitrogen metabolism

李静, 李世莹, 李青松. 黄腐酸用量对番茄产量及品质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(2): 54-59.

LI Jing, LI Shiying, LI Qingsong. Effects of Different Amounts of Fulvic Acid on Tomato Yield and Quality[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(2): 54-59.

图/表 6

参考文献 37

[1]	MUSCOLO A, SIDARI M, NARDI S. Humic substance: Relationship between structure and activity. Deeper information suggests univocal findings[J]. Journal of geochemical exploration, 2013, 129:57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.10.012 URL
[2]	Rauthan B S, Schnitzer M. Effects of a soil fulvic acid on the growth and nutrient content of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants[J]. Plant and Soil, 1981, 63(3):491-495. doi: 10.1007/BF02370049 URL
[3]	IBRAHIM E A, RAMADAN WA. Effect of zinc foliar spray alone and combined with humic acid or/and chitosan on growth, nutrient elements content and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants sown at different dates[J]. Scientia horticulturae, 2015, 184:101-105. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.11.010 URL
[4]	王利宾, 王曰鑫. 腐植酸肥对土壤养分与微生物活性的影响[J]. 腐植酸, 2011(4):12-15.
[5]	王润正, 高觅, 张雪花, 等. 腐植酸水溶肥对小麦产量及抗逆性的影响效应[J]. 腐植酸, 2013(4):18-22.
[6]	NARDI S, PIZZEGHELLO D, MUSCOLO A, et al. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants[J]. Soil biology & biochemistry, 2002, 34(11):1536.
[7]	王天立. 黄腐酸在农业上的应用[J]. 腐植酸, 1992(1):14-36.
[8]	裴瑞杰, 袁天佑, 王俊忠, 等. 施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量和氮效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(11):2189-2198.
[9]	张常书, 于秀芳, 朱玲, 等. 生化黄腐酸的生物活性和激素作用研究[A].// 2010中国腐植酸行业低碳经济交流大会暨第九届全国绿色环保肥料(农药)新技术、新产品交流会论文集[C]. 2010.
[10]	孙晓然, 边思梦, 尚宏周, 等. 腐植酸有机无机复合土壤调理剂对白菜生长及产量的影响[J]. 腐植酸, 2016(1):8-11.
[11]	马丙尧, 邢尚军, 马海林, 等. 腐植酸类肥料的特性及其应用展望[J]. 腐植酸, 2010, 38(5):82-84.
[12]	马海刚, 徐万里, 何生丽, 等. 腐植酸肥料在加工番茄上施用的肥效及对品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2009, 46(4):772-775.
[13]	文娜, 杨波涛. 腐植酸肥料对土壤的改良作用及其测定方法[J]. 新疆化工, 2007(4):18-19.
[14]	胡秀芝, 程稼科. 有机肥可提高土壤肥力[J]. 吉林农业, 2008(5):30.
[15]	薛世川, 孙志梅, 彭正萍, 等. 腐殖酸复合肥的养分释放规律与控释机理的研究[J]. 腐殖酸, 2001(3):30-32.
[16]	陈琪, 刘之广, 张民, 等. 包膜磷酸二铵配施黄腐酸提高小麦产量及土壤养分供应强度[J]. 土壤学报, 2018, 55(6):1472-1484.
[17]	孙克刚, 张运红, 杜君, 等. 尿素添加不同增效剂对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(1):48-50.
[18]	李放, 宋东涛, 王丹丹, 等. 黄腐酸钾和黄腐酸锌对夏玉米的增产效果[J]. 河北农业科学, 2014(4):64-68.
[19]	张昭会, 韩桂莲, 付茂宁, 等. 黄腐酸锌对夏玉米产量的影响[J]. 化肥工业, 2018(4):77-79.
[20]	赵永峰, 吴林科, 周皓蕾, 等. 黄腐酸在马铃薯上的应用效果初报[J]. 甘肃农业科技, 2002(5):41-42.
[21]	陈宝成, 周华敏, 梁海, 等. 黄腐酸复合肥对盐碱地小麦生长、产量、效益及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 腐植酸, 2019(3).
[22]	孙克刚, 张运红, 杜君, 等. 尿素添加不同增效剂对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(1):48-50.
[23]	张昭会, 韩桂莲, 付茂宁, 等. 黄腐酸锌对夏玉米产量的影响[J]. 化肥工业, 2018(4):77-79.
[24]	NARDI S, PIZZEGHELLO D, GESSA C, et al. A low molecular weight humic fraction on nitrate uptake and protein synthesis in maize seedlings[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2000, 32(3):415-419. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00168-6 URL
[25]	陈玉玲, 曹敏, 周燮, 等. 黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗IAA、ABA水平的影响及作用机理的探讨[J]. 植物学通报, 1999, 16(5):587-590.
[26]	回振龙, 李自龙, 刘文瑜, 等. 黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2013, 33(8):1621-1629.
[27]	徐福乐, 罗立津, 高灿红. 植物生长调节剂对甜椒的抗寒性诱导效应研究[J]. 农药学学报, 2011, 13(1):33-39.
[28]	王丽伟. 红蓝光质对番茄碳氮代谢和果实品质的影响机制研究与应用[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017.
[29]	庞强强, 陈日远, 刘厚诚, 等. 硝酸盐胁迫下黄腐酸对小白菜生长及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2015, 27(12):2136-2140
[30]	高原, 郭晓青, 李福德, 等. 基施黄腐酸肥料情况下减施化肥提高设施辣椒产量和品质[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3):594-602.
[31]	孙倩. 提取腐殖酸及其对土壤环境和植物生长的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2016.
[32]	卢林纲. 黄腐酸及其在农业上的应用[J]. 现代化农业, 2001(5):9-10.
[33]	周传余, 郎英, 周超. 腐植酸复合肥对番茄产量和品质的影响[J]. 腐植酸, 2011(5):40.
[34]	姚东伟. 黄腐酸对番茄生长、产量及光合特性的影响[D]. 太谷: 山西农业大学, 2003.
[35]	ZHANG L, SUN X Y, TIAN Y, et al. Biochar and humic acid amendments improve the quality of composted green waste as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Calathea insignis[J]. Entia horticulturae, 2014, 176:70-78.
[36]	OLAETXEA M, Mora Verónica, Bacaicoa E, et al. Abscisic acid regulation of root hydraulic conductivity and aquaporin gene expression is crucial to the plant shoot growth enhancement caused by rhizosphere humic acids[J]. Plant physiology, 2015:2587.
[37]	ASLI S, NEUMANN P M. Rhizosphere humic acid interacts with root cell walls to reduce hydraulic conductivity and plant development[J]. Plant & soil, 2010, 336(S1-2):313-322.

处理	分枝数/(枝/株)	叶绿素/(mg/g)	整株干物质重/(g/株)
T1	8.2a	0.9ab	1.6ab
T2	8.5a	1.0ab	1.8ab
T3	8.6a	1.2a	2.0a
T4	8.6a	1.1a	1.9ab
T5	8.1a	0.8 b	1.6b

处理	分枝数/(枝/株)	叶绿素/(mg/g)	整株干物质重/(g/株)
T1	8.2a	0.9ab	1.6ab
T2	8.5a	1.0ab	1.8ab
T3	8.6a	1.2a	2.0a
T4	8.6a	1.1a	1.9ab
T5	8.1a	0.8 b	1.6b

处理	总根长/cm	根系面积/cm²	根系平均直径/nm	根体积/cm³
T1	94.82d	9.60bc	0.77ab	2.14b
T2	105.09c	9.97abc	0.84a	2.18b
T3	129.55a	11.53a	0.85a	2.89a
T4	120.06b	11.07ab	0.82a	2.73a
T5	95.57d	8.72c	0.67b	1.59c

处理	总根长/cm	根系面积/cm²	根系平均直径/nm	根体积/cm³
T1	94.82d	9.60bc	0.77ab	2.14b
T2	105.09c	9.97abc	0.84a	2.18b
T3	129.55a	11.53a	0.85a	2.89a
T4	120.06b	11.07ab	0.82a	2.73a
T5	95.57d	8.72c	0.67b	1.59c

处理	产量/(g/株)	单株结果数/(个/株)	单果重/(g/个)	增产率/%
T1	357.9b	8.0a	44.0ab	—
T2	438.9a	9.5a	46.1a	22.6
T3	458.4a	11.0a	47.4bc	28.1
T4	431.2a	10.8a	38.2d	20.5
T5	367.8b	9.0a	39.1cd	2.8