不同类型土壤上施用生物炭对烤烟氮钾养分积累的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0122

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明生物炭施用量对烤烟N和K积累的影响，在贵州省毕节市何田科技园进行了盆栽试验。采用2因素（3种土壤×5种生物炭用量）全因子组合设计，完全随机排列。土壤为采自烟田0~20 cm的黄壤、黄棕壤、石灰土；生物炭用量为0%、0.1%、1%、2.5%、5%（w/w，相当于0、1.25、12.5、31.3、62.5 t/hm²大田用量）。结果表明：黄壤、石灰土、黄棕壤上施用5.0%生物炭的处理比不施生物炭的处理，烤烟每株侧根数分别增加17.0、30.7、20.3个，增加幅度分别为150.0%、137.4%、67.1%。随着生物炭用量的增加，根、茎、叶、整株氮(N)积累量增加，但达到N积累量最高点所需的生物炭施用量，各土壤间存在差异；根系和叶片钾(K)含量不断增加，最高增加量分别为47.8%和32.3%，根系增加最明显；烤烟根系、烟茎、叶片K积累量不断增加，最高分别为311.8%、87.9%、144.7%。总之，烟田土壤施用生物炭后，侧根数量显著增加，N和K的积累量显著提高。

关键词: 生物炭, 烤烟, 氮, 钾, 土壤类型, 交互作用

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted at Hetian S&T Research Station of Bijie in Guizhou Province, to explore the effect of biochar application rate on nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) uptake in flue-cured tobacco. A factorial design with two factors (3 types of soils × 5 biochar rates) and a completely randomized layout were used in this experiment. Soil samples of yellow soil, yellow brown soil and calcareous soil were collected from tobacco planting field (0-20 cm). The biochar application rate was 0%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5% and 5.0% (w/w, equivalent to 0, 1.25, 12.5, 31.3, 62.5 t/hm² of field use). The results showed that: compared with the control (no biochar application), under the biochar application rate of 5.0%, the number of lateral roots per tobacco plant in yellow soil, calcareous soil and yellow brown soil increased by 17.0, 30.7 and 20.3, respectively, 150.0%, 137.4%, and 67.1% higher than that of the control, respectively. With the increase of biochar rate, the N uptake of tobacco roots, stems, leaves and whole plant increased, but the biochar rates for the highest N uptake by tobacco plants in different types of soils were different. With the biochar rate increase, the K content of roots and leaves of tobacco increased, with the maximum increase of 47.8% and 32.3%, respectively, and the K content of roots increased most obviously. The K uptake in roots, stems and leaves of tobacco increased continuously, with the maximum increase of 311.8%, 87.9% and 144.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of biochar can significantly increase the number of lateral roots of tobacco plants, and raise the uptake of N and K in tobacco.

Key words: biochar, flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, potassium, soil type, interaction

李彩斌, 张久权, 何轶. 不同类型土壤上施用生物炭对烤烟氮钾养分积累的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(9): 54-62.

LI Caibin, ZHANG Jiuquan, HE Yi. Effects of Biochar Application to Three Types of Soils on the Uptake of Nitrogen and Potassium in Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(9): 54-62.

图/表 8

参考文献 33

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性状	黄壤	石灰土	黄棕壤
pH	7.20±0.03A	6.37±0.04B	7.23±0.01A
总有机碳/(g/kg)	33.4±4.0A	34.4±0.4A	23.9±0.2B
NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	0.33±0.13B	4.96±1.34A	0.08±0.04B
NO₃^--N/(mg/kg)	76.98±3.37A	25.56±5.19C	48.33±8.21B
有效K/(mg/kg)	125.47±9.26A	53.05±8.67B	47.17±6.43B

性状	黄壤	石灰土	黄棕壤
pH	7.20±0.03A	6.37±0.04B	7.23±0.01A
总有机碳/(g/kg)	33.4±4.0A	34.4±0.4A	23.9±0.2B
NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	0.33±0.13B	4.96±1.34A	0.08±0.04B
NO₃^--N/(mg/kg)	76.98±3.37A	25.56±5.19C	48.33±8.21B
有效K/(mg/kg)	125.47±9.26A	53.05±8.67B	47.17±6.43B

性状	测定数值
pH	9.50±0.46
总碳/(g/kg)	602±34
总N/(g/kg)	20.2±1.2
K/(g/kg)	6.12±0.25
CEC/(cmol/kg)	110±6

性状	测定数值
pH	9.50±0.46
总碳/(g/kg)	602±34
总N/(g/kg)	20.2±1.2
K/(g/kg)	6.12±0.25
CEC/(cmol/kg)	110±6

土壤		炭用量		生物量					冠根比
土壤		炭用量		茎		叶	根		冠根比
黄壤		0		14.06±2.42dC		47.36±6.52cB	7.04±1.46cB		8.98±0.56aB
		0.1		26.18±1.42cC		63.36±2.54bB	11.46±0.52bB		7.83±0.16bA
		1.0		30.8±1.24bC		76.42±3.12bB	14.84±0.68bB		7.24±0.12bcA
黄壤	2.5		35.94±0.90abC		84.34±0.94abB			18.10±0.28abB		6.65±0.01cA
黄壤	5.0		40.16±0.76aC		92.86±4.22aB			20.54±0.10aB		6.47±0.17cA
石灰土	0		59.38±0.84dA		82.96±9.26dA			13.80±2.26cA		10.62±0.85bA
	0.1		63.70±0.46cdA		111.22±2.48cA			28.80±0.42bA		6.07±0.05bB
	1.0		65.08±0.68bcA		121.74±0.24bcA			31.08±0.06bA		6.01±0.01bB
	2.5		71.04±1.88bA		131.68±3.14bA			32.26±0.08bA		6.28±0.11bA
	5.0		82.80±4.38aA		168.54±8.68aA			38.98±3.20aA		6.49±0.25aA
黄棕壤	0		43.08±2.62dB		93.68±6.98dA			21.68±2.56cA		6.39±0.30aC
	0.1		49.26±0.90cB		113.28±4.14cA			27.40±0.36bA		5.93±0.09aB
	1.0		53.78±0.98bcB		120.94±2.22cA			28.44±0.32bA		6.14±0.03aB
	2.5		56.54±0.96bB		137.22±0.50bA			30.00±0.16bA		6.46±0.01aA
	5.0		66.76±3.90aB		153.32±4.80aA			37.02±3.34aA		6.02±0.34aA
变因
土壤			<0.0001^**		<0.0001^**			<0.0001^**		<0.0001^**
炭用量			<0.0001^**		<0.0001^**			<0.0001^**		<0.0001^**
交互作用			0.16		0.028^*			0.011^*		<0.0001^**