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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (10): 70-76.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0139

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

湘西山地区域不同移栽期气象因子对烤烟‘HN2146’农艺性状的影响

张明发1(), 张胜1, 袁小康2, 巢进1, 田茂成1, 田咏梅1, 马琳1, 覃浪1, 陆魁东2, 彭宇3, 孔凡玉4, 田峰1   

  1. 1 湖南湘西州烟草公司生产技术中心，湖南吉首 416000
    2 湖南省气象研究所，长沙 410128
    3 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司，长沙 410100
    4 中国农业科学院烟草研究所/烟草行业烟草病虫害监测与综合治理重点实验室，山东青岛 266101
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-21 修回日期:2022-11-09 出版日期:2023-10-17 发布日期:2023-10-17
  • 作者简介:

    张明发，男，1968年出生，湖南永顺人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事烟草栽培及土壤肥料研究。Tel：0743-8568503，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省烟草专卖局（公司）科研项目“湘西州烤烟产质量提升气象关键技术及决策服务系统”(XX2019-2022Aa01)

Effects of Meteorological Factors at Different Transplanting Dates on the Agronomic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘HN2146’ in Xiangxi Mountainous Area

ZHANG Mingfa1(), ZHANG Sheng1, YUAN Xiaokang2, CHAO Jin1, TIAN Maocheng1, TIAN Yongmei1, MA Lin1, QIN Lang1, LU Kuidong2, PENG Yu3, KONG Fanyu4, TIAN Feng1   

  1. 1 Production Technique Center, Xiangxi Tobacco Company, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China
    2 Institute of Meteorological Science, Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    3 China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, Hunan, China
    4 Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco/Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-09-21 Revised:2022-11-09 Online:2023-10-17 Published:2023-10-17

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摘要：

为探明主要气象因子对山地烤烟生长发育进程的限制与影响，优化烤烟移栽期，通过连续3 a的烤烟主栽品种‘HN2146’的不同移栽期大田试验，探索移栽期变化规律，研究日照、降水量及温度与烤烟生长的关系。结果表明：株高、茎围与烤烟移栽期中等相关，中部叶长和中部叶面积与它强相关；同时T1（4月12日、4月19日、4月26日）移栽的烤烟株高、茎围和叶面积最大，相比于其他4个时期的平均值增幅分别为6.14%±2.98%、5.35%±1.69%、19.38%±5.83%。简单相关分析表明，≥12℃有效积温、降水量、日照时数3种气象因子两两之间均呈极显著正相关，而且与多数农艺性状指标均呈极显著相关；典型相关分析结果表明，农艺性状与气象因子存在极显著的典型相关关系，烤烟不同移栽期主要影响降水量与≥12℃有效积温及叶数和中部叶长的大小；主成分分析结果显示，第一主成分说明调节不同烤烟移栽期能改善气象因子与烤烟农艺性状，在效应上具有相似的特点。第二主成分说明不同烤烟移栽期在影响气象因子与农艺性状上的主要差异是上部叶面积、上部叶长、中部叶面积、茎围、株高、≥12℃有效积温的变化。因此，从农艺性状看，4月12日、4月19日与4月26日分别是湘西低中高海拔地区‘HN2146’烤烟品种最佳移栽期。

关键词: 烤烟, 移栽期, 气象因子, 农艺性状

Abstract:

To clarify main meteorological factors which affect the growth and development process of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous area, and to properly arrange field transplanting date, the field experiments of main tobacco variety ‘HN2146’ with different transplanting dates were carried out for three consecutive years, to analyze the changes of growth period, and define the relationship between sunlight, precipitation and temperature and the growth of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the plant height and stem girth were moderately correlated with the transplanting date of flue-cured tobacco, while the middle leaf length and middle leaf area were strongly correlated with the transplanting date. At the same time, the plant height, stem girth and leaf area of flue-cured tobacco transplanted at T1 (April 12, April 19 and April 26) were the largest, which increased by 6.14%±2.98%, 5.35%±1.69% and 19.38%±5.83%, respectively, compared with the average values of the other four transplanting dates. Simple correlation analysis showed that the effective accumulated temperature≥12℃, precipitation and sunshine duration were significantly positively correlated in pairs, and significantly positively correlated with most agronomic characters. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant canonical correlation between agronomic characters and meteorological factors. Different transplanting dates of flue-cured tobacco mainly affected precipitation, effective accumulated temperature≥12℃, leaf number and middle leaf length. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first principal component indicated that adjusting different transplanting dates could improve the meteorological factors and agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco at different transplanting dates, and the effects had similar characteristics. The second principal component indicated that the main differences in influencing meteorological factors and agronomic characters were the changes of upper leaf area, upper leaf length, middle leaf area, stem girth, plant height and effective accumulated temperature≥12℃. Therefore, from the perspective of agronomic characters, April 12, April 19 and April 26 are the best transplanting dates for flue-cured tobacco variety ‘HN2146’ in low, middle and high altitude areas in Xiangxi.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, transplanting date, meteorological factor, agronomic characters