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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 57-65.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0039

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京地区芭蕉引种栽植历史考证

张宝鑫(), 杨洪杰(), 王蕊, 冯雪珊   

  1. 中国园林博物馆， 北京 100072
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11 修回日期:2025-12-12 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者:
    杨洪杰，男，1985年出生，北京人，馆员，主要研究方向：园林文化、园林植物。通信地址：100072 北京市丰台区射击场路15号，Tel：010-63915071，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张宝鑫，男，1976年出生，山东青岛人，教授级高工，博士，主要研究方向：园林历史与园林文化、园林植物。通信地址：100072 北京市丰台区射击场路15号 中国园林博物馆园林研究中心，Tel：010-83733172，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市公园管理中心科技课题“民国时期北京公园开放及演进特征研究”(ZX2022023); 北京市公园管理中心科技课题“基于考古的中国园林生成期演进特征研究”(ZX2022022); 中国园林博物馆研究性项目“中国园林考古资料整理与分析”(11000023T000002092522); 北京市公园管理中心课题“北京地区明代园林及其历史遗存研究”(ZX2025019)

Historical Textual Criticism of Plantains Introduction and Cultivation in Beijing

ZHANG Baoxin(), YANG Hongjie(), WANG Rui, FENG Xueshan   

  1. Chinese Museum of Landscape Architecture and Gardens, Beijing 100072
  • Received:2024-03-11 Revised:2025-12-12 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要：

为系统梳理北京地区芭蕉引种栽植的历史脉络与文化内涵，采用文献考证与图像互证的方法，结合园林史、植物学及文化学视角，在概述芭蕉名称演变、植物特性与全国栽植简史的基础上，重点考证北京地区芭蕉的引种历程、应用场景及栽植技艺。研究表明：北京地区芭蕉引种始于明初皇家宫苑（西苑蕉园），明清时期逐步扩展至私家宅院（如恭王府、勺园），民国时期延续应用于农事试验场及私人宅园，呈现“皇家引领、文人追捧、散点分布”的特征；受暖温带季风气候限制，北京地区芭蕉采用“夏季庭院露地栽植、冬季温室/暖房/地窖越冬”的季节性保护技术，多配植于庭院、山石旁，营造“雨打芭蕉”的园林意境；芭蕉与红蕉、美人蕉在历史记载中存在名称混淆，需结合形态特征与栽植环境辨析。尽管受限于资料不足，难以完整呈现其历史演进，但研究芭蕉引种栽植方法的历史对原产南方的其他植物在北方地区引种栽植历史的相关研究具有借鉴意义，可为其他类型植物引种栽植等历史考证提供参考。同时，也为北方地区南方植物引种史考证提供了“文献+图像+技艺”的综合研究范式，对弘扬传统植物文化、指导现代园林植物配置具有参考价值。

关键词: 芭蕉, 引种, 植物文化, 园艺植物, 历史考证

Abstract:

To systematically sort out the historical context and cultural connotation of plantains introduction and planting in Beijing, the method of literature research and image mutual verification was adopted, combined with the perspective of garden history, botany and culturology. On the basis of summarizing the name evolution, plant characteristics and national planting history of plantains, the introduction process, application scenarios and planting techniques of plantains in Beijing were emphatically studied. The research shows that the introduction of plantains in Beijing began in the royal palace garden (Xiyuan plantains garden) in the early Ming Dynasty, gradually expanded to private courtyards (such as Gongwangfu and Shaoyuan) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and continued to be used in the agricultural experimental field and private houses. Restricted by the warm temperate monsoon climate, plantains in Beijing adopt the seasonal protection technology of 'open field planting in summer courtyard and overwintering in greenhouse / warm room / cellar'. Plantains, red banana and canna have name confusion in historical records, which needs to be combined with morphological characteristics and planting environment. Although limited by the lack of data, it is difficult to fully present its historical evolution, the textual criticism of the history of the introduction. However, the planting methods of plantain has reference significance for the related research on the introduction and planting history of other plants originating in the south, and can provide reference for the historical research on the introduction and planting of other types of plants. At the same time, it also provides a comprehensive research paradigm of 'literature + image + skill' for the textual research of the introduction history of southern plants in the northern region, which has reference value for promoting traditional plant culture and guiding modern garden plant configuration.

Key words: plantain, introduction, plant culture, horticultural plant, historical textual criticism