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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 50-56.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0140

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

纤维素降解菌筛选与应用研究进展

张晓杰1(), 陈俊玲2, 王莎莎2, 李艳春3, 李兆伟1, 王义祥3()   

  1. 1 福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州 350002
    2 福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州 350002
    3 福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16 修回日期:2024-11-15 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-18
  • 通讯作者:
    王义祥,男,1978年出生,山东泰安人,研究员,博士,主要从事生态恢复与循环农业方面的研究。通信地址:350003 福建省福州市鼓楼区五四路247 福建省农业科学院,Tel:0591-87884651,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张晓杰,女,2000年出生,贵州遵义人,硕士研究生,研究方向:发酵工程。通信地址:350003 福建省福州市鼓楼区五四路247 福建省农业科学院,Tel:0591-87884651,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    福建省区域发展项目“茶菌废弃物资源化高效循环利用产业链关键接口技术与应用”(2024N3016); 福建省农科院科技创新团队项目“农业资源循环利用与绿色生产技术”(CXTD2021009-1)

Screening and Application of Cellulose Degradation Bacteria: A Review

ZHANG Xiaojie1(), CHEN Junling2, WANG Shasha2, LI Yanchun3, LI Zhaowei1, WANG Yixiang3()   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
    2 College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
    3 Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou 350013
  • Received:2024-07-16 Revised:2024-11-15 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-18

摘要:

为探索高效纤维素降解菌在农业领域应用研究的新思路,通过检索分析近年来纤维素降解菌筛选及产酶优化相关研究的文献,从菌株种类、产酶条件优化研究、复合菌(群)构建和菌(群)在农业应用等4个方面进行了总结,归纳了不同种类菌株筛选策略和优势特点,分析了纤维素降解菌产酶条件优化的原料种类及菌株的各异性,阐述了复合菌(群)构建的必要性及其重要意义,综合概括了纤维素降解菌(群)在生物肥料、农作物废弃物、生物能源三个方面的应用概况。提出当前研究在单一菌体所产纤维素酶种类单一、复合菌(群)产酶条件优化等方面存在不足,提出加强高效纤维素降解菌筛选、利用分子生物学技术构建纤维素降解菌的基因库以及降解机制研究等建议,以期为提高纤维素降解菌筛选效率,减少农业废弃物资源浪费,促进农业快速发展和资源循环利用提供理论支撑。

关键词: 微生物, 纤维素降解菌, 纤维素酶, 菌群, 复合体系构建, 协同效应, 农业废弃物, 生物降解

Abstract:

To explore new approaches for the application of efficient cellulose-degrading microorganisms in agriculture, this study conducted a literature review and analysison the screening of cellulose degrading bacteria and the optimization of enzyme production in recent years, summarizing and analyzing four key aspects: strain types, enzyme production condition optimization, construction of composite microbial communities, and applications of these microbial communities in agriculture. The study outlines different screening strategies and advantages of various strains, analyzes the raw material types and strain specificity for optimizing cellulose-degrading enzyme production conditions, and discusses the necessity and significance of constructing composite microbial communities. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of cellulose-degrading microorganisms (or communities) in three areas: biofertilizers, crop residue utilization, and bioenergy. The study identifies current limitations, such as the limited variety of cellulases produced by single strains and the need for optimized enzyme production conditions in composite microbial communities. To address these issues, the study proposes focusing on enhancing the screening of efficient cellulose-degrading microorganisms, utilizing molecular biology techniques to construct gene banks for cellulose-degrading microorganisms, and studying their degradation mechanisms. These efforts aim to improve the efficiency of screening for cellulose-degrading microorganisms, reduce the waste of agricultural resources, and promote rapid agricultural development and resource recycling.

Key words: microorganisms, cellulose-degrading microorganisms, cellulase, community, composite microbial system construction, synergistic effect, agricultural residues, biological degrading