连续施用有机物料对土壤细菌的影响效应

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0275

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探究连续施用饼肥、稻草及其与化学肥料配合施用对土壤细菌群落多样性和菌群结构的影响。通过在特定小区进行的试验，结果表明，在施用化学肥料的基础上，添加饼肥或稻草能显著增加土壤细菌的多样性。特别是稻草翻压还田处理，其效果最为显著，能够有效提高土壤中独有的操作分类单元(OTU)数量，大约是其他处理组的2倍。在细菌群落科的分类水平上，稻草翻压还田特别增加了嗜氢菌科(Hydrogenophilaceae)和间孢囊菌科(Intrasporangiaceae)的相对丰度。因此，烟田施用饼肥、稻草等有机物料能够有效维持土壤细菌多样性，改变细菌群落组成，特别是稻草翻压还田模式，对于保持烟田土壤细菌多样性尤为关键，有助于实现烟田土壤保育的目标。

关键词: 烟田, 有机物料, 土壤, 细菌群落, 菌群结构, 饼肥, 稻草, 土壤细菌多样性, 烟田保育, 影响效应

Abstract:

A long-term fertilizer experiment was performed to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer application (oilcake manure and rice straw) on soil bacterial community diversity and structure. The results showed that soil bacterial diversity increased by the combined application of organic (oilcake manure or rice straw) and chemical fertilizers compared to only chemical fertilizers application, with rice straw returning exhibiting the highest efficacy. Meanwhile, the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers significantly altered soil bacterial community structures. Specifically, the treatment of combining rice straw returning and chemical fertilizers exhibited twice as much unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) compared to other treatments. At the taxonomic level of bacterial community family, there was an increase in relative abundance of Hydrogenophilaceae and Intrasporangiaceae in response to the combined use of rice straw and chemical fertilizers. In conclusion, employing a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers can effectively maintain soil bacterial diversity while modifying bacterial community structure. The combined application of rice straw returning and chemical fertilizers is a feasible management strategy for preserving soil bacterial diversity in tobacco fields, thereby improving both soil structure and fertilizer conservation capacity.

Key words: tobacco field, organic materials, soil, bacterial community, microbial structure, fertilizer cake, straw, soil bacterial diversity, tobacco field conservation, impact effects

靳志丽, 李小慧, 王燕, 郭文龙, 敬礼恒, 李虎. 连续施用有机物料对土壤细菌的影响效应[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(12): 33-39.

JIN Zhili, LI Xiaohui, WANG Yan, GUO Wenlong, JING Liheng, LI Hu. Effect of Continuous Organic Materials Application on Soil Bacterial Community[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(12): 33-39.

图/表 6

处理	饼肥	干稻草	纯化肥基肥	过磷酸钙	提苗肥	专用追肥	硫酸钾
CK	0	0	1050	150	90	450	300
T₁	450	0	975	240	90	450	330
T₂	0	5250	975	225	90	450	330
T₃	450	5250	900	540	90	450	405

表1. 各处理肥料种类和施用量 kg/hm2

图1. 施用有机物料对土壤细菌多样性的影响 CK：纯化肥基肥；T1：纯化肥基肥+发酵饼肥(450 kg/hm2)；T2：纯化肥基肥+稻草翻压还田(5250 kg/hm2)；T3：纯化肥基肥+发酵饼肥(450 kg/hm2)+稻草翻压还田(5250 kg/hm2)。下同

图2. 施用有机物料对土壤细菌群落结构的影响

图3. 施用有机物料对土壤细菌组成（门水平）的影响柱状图展示了相对丰度大于1%的8个细菌门类群；不同小写字母表示处理间显著差异(P<0.05)。下同

图4. 施用有机物料对土壤细菌组成（科水平）的影响

图5. 各施肥处理中的土壤细菌的OTU数量

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