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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 1-6.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000219

所属专题： 小麦

• 农艺科学/生理生化 •    下一篇

不同测墒补灌处理对冬小麦产量及光合特性的影响

严美玲1, 赵明1, 崔明灼2, 辛庆国1, 孙晓辉1, 王江春1(), 殷岩1()   

  1. 1 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台 265500
    2 莱西市农业农村局,山东莱西 2666032
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-15 修回日期:2019-11-13 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 王江春,殷岩 E-mail:121965352@qq.com;yinyan00@163.com
  • 作者简介:严美玲,女,1978年出生,山东鄄城人,高级农艺师,博士,主要从事小麦高产高效栽培技术研究。通信地址：265500 山东省烟台市福山区港城西大街26号 烟台农科院,Tel：0535-6352021,E-mail：437338365@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    科技部项目“丘陵旱地小麦-玉米抗旱减灾技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0300604);烟台市科技计划项目“小麦绿色高产高效栽培技术研究与示范”(2018NCGY054);山东省现代农业产业技术体系“小麦产业创新团队建设项目”(SDAIT-01-02);农业部财政部“国家小麦产业技术体系烟台综合实验站项目”(CARS-3-2-23)

Supplemental Irrigation Based on Testing Soil Moisture Content: Effects on the Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat

Yan Meiling1, Zhao Ming1, Cui Mingzhuo2, Xin Qingguo1, Sun Xiaohui1, Wang Jiangchun1(), Yin Yan1()   

  1. 1 Yantai Academy of Agriculture Science, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
    2 Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Laixi, Laixi 2666032, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-10-15 Revised:2019-11-13 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-04-20
  • Contact: Wang Jiangchun,Yin Yan E-mail:121965352@qq.com;yinyan00@163.com

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摘要：

为了明确测墒补灌对冬小麦产量和干物质积累的影响,以高产优质冬小麦‘烟农999’为材料,试验设置5个水分处理：W0全生育期不浇水,Wck为传统灌溉处理（对照）,W70、W75、W80为测墒补灌处理,于拔节期和开花期分别补灌至土壤相对含水量的70%、75%、80%。结果表明：（1）各处理之间相比较,W75籽粒产量和水分利用效率最高,分别为11438.85 kg/hm 2、25.78 kg/(hm 2·mm),比传统灌溉处理提高了12.12%、21.2%。（2）W75处理开花期和灌浆期的叶面积指数、灌浆期的旗叶净光合速率、开花期干物质转移率、灌浆期营养器官对籽粒的贡献率显著高于其他处理。综合分析,本试验条件下W75是‘烟农999’获得高产高水分利用效率的灌溉方案。

关键词: 小麦, 产量, 水分利用效率, 光合特性

Abstract:

The aim is to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture content on yield and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat. The high-yield and high-quality winter wheat cultivar ‘Yannong 999’ was used as test material, and five water treatments were set up, including W0 (zero-irrigation in the whole growth period), Wck (traditional irrigation as a control treatment), W70, W75 and W80 are the treatments of supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture content, and the supplemental irrigation was 70%, 75% and 80% of soil relative water content at jointing stage and at anthesis stage, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in W75 treatment were higher than those of other treatments, and they were 11438.85 kg/hm 2 and 25.78 kg/(hm 2·mm), respectively, which were increased by 12.12% and 21.2%, compared with Wck; (2) in W75 treatment, leaf area index at anthesis stage and grain filling stage, the flag leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) at grain filling stage, the transfer rate of accumulated dry matter at pre-anthesis to grain, the nutrient organs at flling stage of contribution to grain, were higher than those of other treatments. In conclusion, W75 is the best irrigation solution for ‘Yannong 999’.

Key words: Wheat, Yield, Water Use Efficiency, Photosynthetic Characteristics

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