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农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (12): 1-7.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0026

• 农艺科学 生理生化 •    下一篇

播期、密度和施氮量对旱种杂交稻产量和构成因子的影响

李艳兰1(), 杨进成1(), 李竑阳2, 沈祥宏1, 张钟1, 李祥1, 朱自芬3, 李灶福4, 李红云2, 刘坚坚1, 胡新洲1, 史兰芬5, 邓争1   

  1. 1 玉溪市农业科学院,云南玉溪 653100
    2 玉溪市农业技术推广站,云南玉溪 653100
    3 峨山县农业综合服务中心,云南峨山 653200
    4 易门县农业技术推广站,云南易门 651100
    5 峨山县塔甸镇农业服务中心,云南峨山 653200
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-30 修回日期:2023-05-16 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-19
  • 通讯作者:
    杨进成,男,1967年出生,云南澄江人,研究员,硕士,主要从事农作物育种及栽培技术应用研究。通信地址:653100 云南省玉溪市红塔大道18号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李艳兰,女,1976年出生,云南红塔区人,高级农艺师,学士,主要从事农作物育种及栽培技术应用研究。通信地址:653100 云南省玉溪市红塔大道18号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    云南省农业生产专项“玉溪市杂交稻旱种绿色高质高效示范”(ynsnysczx-yx01)

Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Component Factors of Dry Cultivation of Hybrid Rice

LI Yanlan1(), YANG Jincheng1(), LI Hongyang2, SHEN Xianghong1, ZHANG Zhong1, LI Xiang1, ZHU Zifen3, LI Zaofu4, LI Hongyun2, LIU Jianjian1, HU Xinzhou1, SHI Lanfen5, DENG Zheng1   

  1. 1 Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
    2 Yuxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
    3 Eshan County Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Eshan 653200, Yunnan, China
    4 Yimen County Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Yimen 651100, Yunnan, China
    5 Tadian Town Agricultural Service Center of Eshan County, Eshan 653200, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2023-01-30 Revised:2023-05-16 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-19
  • Contact:

摘要:

为筛选杂交稻旱种最佳的栽培方法,采用三因素三水平正交试验研究播期、密度和施氮量对旱育秧覆膜移栽杂交稻产量的影响,以及主要性状与产量的相关性分析。结果表明:随着播期从3月30日推后到4月20日,杂交稻旱种全生育期逐渐缩短,从155 d缩短到148 d;穗长、穗粒数、实粒数、结实率、千粒重与产量成正相关关系,相关程度为:结实率>实粒数>穗长>穗粒数>千粒重;主要性状对产量的直接通径正效应顺序为:穗长>结实率>有效穗数>千粒重>成穗率,直接通径负效应顺序为:株高>穗粒数。杂交稻旱种可通过提高结实率和穗长来增加产量,同时要控制株高。试验因素对产量的影响顺序为:播期>施氮量>密度,旱育秧覆膜旱移栽杂交稻最优高产栽培组合为:3月30日播种、每公倾90万基本苗和施用纯N 90 kg作分蘖肥。

关键词: 杂交稻旱种, 播期, 密度, 施氮量, 产量

Abstract:

To screen the best dry land cultivation method of hybrid rice, a three factors and three levels orthogonal experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date, density, and nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield of transplanting hybrid rice with plastic film mulching after dry seedling cultivation, as well as the correlation analysis between main traits and yield. The results showed that as the sowing date was postponed from March 30th to April 20th, the total growth period of hybrid rice was shortened from 155 days to 148 days; there was a positive correlation between ear length, grain number per ear, actual grain number, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight, and yield, the correlation degree was as followed: seed setting rate>full grain number>ear length>grain number per ear>1000-grain weight; the direct path positive effects of main traits on yield was as followed: ear length>seed setting rate>effective ears>1000-grain weight>ear rate, while the negative effect of direct path was as followed: plant height>grain number per ear. Dry cultivation of hybrid rice could increase yield by increasing seed setting rate and panicle length, while controlling plant height. The order of influence of experimental factors on yield was as followed: sowing date>nitrogen application rate>density. The optimal high-yield cultivation combination for hybrid rice transplanted with film mulching in dry cultivation was: sowing on March 30th, 900000 basic seedlings per hectare, and tillering fertilizer of pure N 90 kg.

Key words: dry cultivation of hybrid rice, sowing date, density, nitrogen application rate, yield