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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (8): 44-48.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0174

• 畜牧 兽医 水产 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国畜禽遗传资源保护的现状、困境与出路

杨玉莹1(), 何珊珊2, 王玉斌1()   

  1. 1 中国农业大学经济管理学院，北京 100083
    2 全国畜牧总站，北京 100125
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-20 修回日期:2023-11-08 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-16
  • 通讯作者:
    王玉斌，男，1974年出生，山东潍坊人，教授，博士研究生。研究方向：农业经济理论与政策。通信地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路17号 中国农业大学东校区，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    杨玉莹，女，1997年出生，博士研究生，研究方向：农业经济理论与政策。通信地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路17号 中国农业大学东校区，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    全国畜牧总站“我国畜禽种业高质量发展路径研究”(MYJJ2022-11); 全国畜牧总站“畜禽遗传资源保护策略研究”(XMZZ182021308); 全国畜牧总站“全国畜牧总站青年课题研究基金”(2022-7)

Current Situation, Dilemma and Way out of the Protection of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources in China

YANG Yuying1(), HE Shanshan2, WANG Yubin1()   

  1. 1 Economics and Management College, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    2 National Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100125, China
  • Received:2023-08-20 Revised:2023-11-08 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-08-16

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摘要：

为了探寻实现中国畜禽遗传资源保护的有效路径，系统梳理了畜禽遗传资源保护的现状，并深入剖析了畜禽资源遗传保护面临的现实困境。结果表明：目前，保护品种数量不断增加，法规政策不断完善，保护区、保种场、基因库初具规模，从业主体队伍素质不断提高。但也面临资源特性挖掘不深，保护与开发利用脱节；法规政策支撑薄弱，管理制度缺乏联动；保护区、保种场、基因库设施陈旧，保护技术落后；资金扶持力度不足，投入渠道单一等困境。基于此，提出以下对策建议：加强资源深度挖掘，提高开发利用水平；建立健全法律法规，整合部门管理资源；强化财政资金引导，建立多元的投融资体系；持续推进保种场、保护区及基因库发展建设进程。

关键词: 畜禽遗传资源保护, 现状, 困境, 出路

Abstract:

In order to explore the effective way to realize the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, the current situation of the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources was systematically sorted out, and the realistic difficulties faced by the protection were deeply analyzed. The results show that, at present, the number of protected varieties has been increasing, regulations and policies have been improved, protected areas, seed conservation farms and gene banks have begun to take shape, and the quality of the workforce has been improved. However, it is also faced with the dilemma of not digging deep into the characteristics of resources, and the disconnection between protection and exploitation; the weak support of regulations and policies, and the lack of linkage in the management system; the obsolete facilities in the protected areas, conservation farms and gene banks, and the outdated protection technology; the insufficient financial support, and the single channel of investment. Based on this, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen the depth mining of resources, improve the level of development and utilization; establish and improve laws and regulations, integrate departmental management resources; strengthen the guidance of fiscal funds and establish a diversified investment and financing system; continue to promote the development and construction of seed conservation farms, protected areas and gene banks.

Key words: protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources, current situation, dilemma, way out