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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (2): 14-21.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0009

• 农艺农学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度对云南省优质弱筋小麦新品种‘云麦114’产量和品质性状影响的研究

田景梅1(), 刘佳2, 杨晓云1, 李绍祥3, 张翠萍2, 张林4, 刘琨3, 朱润云4(), 丁明亮3,5()   

  1. 1 丽江市种子管理站，云南丽江 674100
    2 玉溪市农业科学院，云南玉溪 653100
    3 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所，昆明 650205
    4 云南省农业技术推广总站，昆明 650032
    5 中国农业大学植物保护学院，北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15 修回日期:2024-04-12 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-18
  • 通讯作者:
    丁明亮，男，1987年出生，江西丰城人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：小麦遗传育种及病害防控。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号，Tel：0871-65892511，E-mail：；
    朱润云，女，1978年出生，云南昌宁人，高级实验师，硕士，研究方向：农业技术推广及应用。通信地址：650032 云南省昆明市高新区科高路新光巷165号，Tel：0871-64119322，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    田景梅，女，1986年出生，云南丽江人，高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：种业管理与农业技术推广及应用。通信地址：674100 丽江市古城区福慧路162号 市种子管理站，Tel：0888-5164386，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技重大专项“云南特色稻麦豆作物重要性状鉴定技术研发与应用”(202302AE090011)

Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Quality Traits of a New Weak Gluten Wheat Variety 'Yunmai 114'

TIAN Jingmei1(), LIU Jia2, YANG Xiaoyun1, LI Shaoxiang3, ZHANG Cuiping2, ZHANG Lin4, LIU Kun3, ZHU Runyun4(), DING Mingliang3,5()   

  1. 1 Lijiang Seed Management Station, Lijiang Yunnan 674100
    2 Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi Yunnan 653100
    3 Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Kunming 650205
    4 Yunnan Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Kunming 650032
    5 College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2024-01-15 Revised:2024-04-12 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-18

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摘要：

研究种植密度对云南省最新审定的优质弱筋小麦新品种‘云麦114’产量和品质的影响，旨在为弱筋小麦新品种在云南省大面积推广确定合理的种植密度提供理论依据。以‘云麦114’为试验材料，设置基本苗90万株/hm2(A)、135万株/hm2(B)、180万株/hm2(C)、225万株/hm2(D)、270万株/hm2(E)、315万株/hm2(F)和360万株/hm2(G)7个处理，3次重复，不完全随机区组排列，考察该品种在不同种植密度下的产量及产量相关性状、粒型性状、品质性状与茎蘖动态并进行方差分析与相关分析。‘云麦114’的最高茎蘖数、有效穗以及三叶期、四叶期、五叶期、六叶期和七叶期的茎蘖数在7个种植密度下存在极显著差异，成穗率、穗粒数、株高、吸水率、蛋白质含量、稳定时间、形成时间和硬度值在各种植密度下存在显著差异，而理论产量、实际产量、千粒重、籽粒面积、籽粒周长、籽粒长宽比、粒长和粒宽在各种植密度下差异不显著，理论产量和实际产量的变化趋势都是随种植密度的增加表现出先增加、后降低再增加最后降低的趋势；该品种的有效穗以及三叶期、四叶期、五叶期、六叶期和七叶期的茎蘖数与其基本苗存在极显著的正相关（r=0.778**、0.908**、0.767**、0.924**、0.850**和0.752**），株高和理论产量与其基本苗存在显著的正相关（r=0.536*和0.520*），穗粒数、蛋白质含量和稳定时间与其基本苗存在显著的负相关（r=-0.450*、-0.449*和-0.467*），实际产量等其余16个性状与其基本苗存在一定的相关性但不显著。种植密度可显著影响‘云麦114’的三叶期、四叶期、五叶期、六叶期和七叶期的茎蘖数、最高茎蘖数、有效穗、成穗率、穗粒数、株高、吸水率、蛋白质含量、稳定时间、形成时间和硬度值等性状，而不会显著影响理论产量、实际产量、千粒重、籽粒面积、籽粒周长、籽粒长宽比、粒长和粒宽，过低种植密度不利于该品种产量与品质特性的发挥。该品种在基本苗为135万~360万株/hm2时其产量均稳定在14389.50~16078.50 kg/hm2，即保持很好的丰产性与稳产性，且能够保持其弱筋小麦的品质特性，适宜在云南水肥条件较好的区域推广时使用。

关键词: ‘云麦114’, 弱筋小麦, 种植密度, 产量性状, 品质性状, 茎蘖动态

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the impact of planting density on the yield and quality of the newly approved high-quality weak gluten wheat variety 'Yunmai 114' in Yunnan, providing a theoretical basis for determining a reasonable planting density for the large-scale promotion of weak gluten wheat varieties in Yunnan. Using 'Yunmai 114' as the experimental material, seven treatments including 900000 plants/hm2 (A), 1.35 million plants/hm2 (B), 1.8 million plants/hm2 (C), 2.25 million plants/hm2 (D), 2.7 million plants/hm2 (E), 3.15 million plants/hm2 (F), and 3.6 million plants/hm2 (G) were set up for basic seedlings, with three replicates and incomplete random block arrangement. The yield and yield related traits, grain type traits, quality traits and stem tiller dynamics of the variety were investigated under different planting densities, and variance analysis and correlation analysis were conducted on these traits. The highest number of tillers, effective panicles, and the number of tillers in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh leaf stages of 'Yunmai 114' showed extremely distinct differences at 7 planting densities. There were also significant differences in spike rate, grain number, plant height, water absorption rate, protein content, stable time, formation time, and hardness value at each planting density. However, there were no significant differences in theoretical yield, actual yield, thousand grain weight, grain area, grain circumference, grain length to width ratio, and grain length and width among different planting densities. The changes in both theoretical and actual yields showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, then increasing, and finally decreasing with the increase of planting density. There was a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.778**, 0.908**, 0.767**, 0.924**, 0.850**, and 0.752**) between the effective panicle, the number of tillers in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh leaf stages of the variety and its basic seedlings. The plant height and theoretical yield were significantly positively correlated with their basic seedlings (r=0.536* and 0.520*). There was a significant negative correlation between the number of grains per panicle, protein content and stability time with their basic seedlings (r=-0.450*, -0.449*, and -0.467*), while there was a certain correlation but not significant between actual yield and 16 other traits with the basic seedlings. Planting density could significantly affect the number of tillers in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh leaf stages, highest tiller number, effective panicle, spike rate, grain number, plant height, water absorption rate, protein content, stability time, formation time, and hardness value of 'Yunmai 114', but it did not significantly affect the theoretical yield, actual yield, thousand grain weight, grain area, grain circumference, and grain length to width ratio, grain length and grain width. Moreover, a low planting density was not conducive to the performance of the yield and quality characteristics of the variety. When the basic seedlings were 1.35 million -3.6 million plants/hm2, the yield of the variety remained stable at 14389.50-16078.50 kg/hm2, maintaining good yield and stability, as well as maintaining the quality characteristics of weak gluten wheat. These planting densities are suitable for promotion in areas with better water and fertilizer conditions in Yunnan.

Key words: 'Yunmai 114', weak gluten wheat, planting density, yield traits, quality traits, stem and tiller dynamics