关键词: 冬小麦, 冬小麦, 节水, 栽培模式, 土壤含水量

Abstract:

In order to understand the major problems causing low efficiency of the soybean production in China, and to find the technical countermeasures, the major soybean planting models of a state farm in the eastern part of Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province were compared using the input-output analysis, After selecting the typical and uniform fields, the manpower and material input of different planting models during growth period were recorded and the output benefits were analyzed under the conditions of the same variety and fertilization level. The results showed that, among the models investigated, the Wide Ridge with Plastic Mulching Model (WRPM) ranked first in yield enhancement, which was 4572.0 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 3880.5 kg/hm2 in 2010, respectively. Direct Seeding on Corn-stubble Ridge Model (DSCR) was the least in water and labor consumption, and produced high benefit (9518.7 yuan/hm2 in 2009, the highest among the four models, and the second in 2010). Wide Ridge and Densely Planting Model (WRDP) integrated the advantages of the ridge and flat plantings, resulting in optimum plant distribution and high population photosynthetic efficiency in the field, yielding 4002.0 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 3288.0 kg/hm2 in 2010. “Ridge Three” model was effective in water management, whose yield were 3597.0 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 3273.0 kg/hm2 in 2010, which was an suitable choice for soybean cultivation in low and wet lands. Soybean yield of individual farms in the countryside were 2935.5 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 2497.5 kg/hm2 in 2010, both were lower than that of the neighboring state farms, because of the limited field size, low mechanization level, poor management, etc. Comprehensive soybean planting models like WRPM are sophisticated and effective in Sanjinang Plain state farm system in term of the yield increase and benefit enhancement, but all models are subject to climate condition, technology and mechanization levels, indicating that farmers had to choose the suitable models according to their actual conditions. To improve the soybean production level of small individual farms in the countryside, the emphasis should be paid on the production scale enlargement, mechanization enhancement, and the extension of comprehensive planting models and the key technologies especially the deep chisel tillage and rotation, to ensure the standardization of the farming works.