防落素对大棚无籽西瓜叶片氮代谢及果实品质与产量的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0236

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对叶片氮代谢及氮含量与代谢相关酶活性之间相关性的分析,以及果实品质与产量的测定,探讨防落素(PCPA)在大棚栽培无籽西瓜生产上的适用浓度,为其在无籽西瓜上的应用提供一定理论依据。在始花期、盛花期和幼果期喷施PCPA溶液（质量浓度分别为0、10、20、40 mg/L）,分别测定不同处理的无籽西瓜叶片可溶性蛋白、总氮含量和代谢相关酶(GS、NR、GDH)活性、果实品质和产量等指标。结果表明：（1）随着PCPA溶液浓度的提高,叶片总氮、可溶性蛋白含量以及GS、NR和GDH活性的变化趋势均为先升后降。PCPA浓度为20 mg/L时促进效果最明显,叶片可溶性蛋白、总氮含量以及GS、NR和GDH活性等指标值均为最高,且均极显著高于CK;PCPA浓度为40 mg/L时,叶片可溶性蛋白、总氮含量以及GS、NR和GDH活性均急速降低,各项指标值均极显著低于10、20 mg/L处理。各项指标的相关性分析表明,无籽西瓜叶片总氮含量与GS、NR和GDH活性之间均呈显著或极显著正相关关系。（2）在所有处理中,20 mg/L处理的果实产量和可溶性固形物含量最高,均极显著高于CK。PCPA在大棚栽培无籽西瓜生产上的适用浓度为20 mg/L。

关键词: 无籽西瓜, 防落素, 氮代谢, 果实品质, 产量

Abstract:

Through the analysis of the nitrogen metabolism of leaves and the correlation between the nitrogen content and metabolic-related enzyme activities, and the determination of fruit quality and yield, the appropriate concentration of PCPA in the greenhouse cultivation of seedless watermelon was discussed, and some theoretical references on the application of PCPA in seedless watermelon cultivation was provided. Physiological indicators such as soluble protein, total nitrogen content, metabolic-related enzyme (GS, NR and GDH) activities, fruit quality and yield were measured in different treatments using PCPA solution of different mass concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 mg/L) at beginning of flowering period, full flowering period and young fruit period of seedless watermelon. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of the concentration of PCPA, the change trend of soluble protein, total nitrogen content and GS, NR and GDH activity of the leaves first rise and then fall; when the concentration of PCPA was 20 mg/L, the promotion effect was the most obvious, soluble protein, total nitrogen content of leaves and GS, NR and GDH activity were all the highest, significantly higher than those of CK; when the concentration of PCPA was 40 mg/L, soluble protein, total nitrogen content and GS, NR and GDH activity of leaves were reduced rapidly, and the indicators were all significantly lower than those of 10 and 20 mg/L treatments; the correlation analysis of the indicators showed that there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between total nitrogen content and GS, NR and GDH activity of seedless watermelon leaves; (2) among all the treatments, 20 mg/L treatment had the highest fruit yield and soluble solids content, both significantly higher than those of CK. Therefore, the appropriate concentration of PCPA used in greenhouse cultivation of seedless watermelon could be 20 mg/L.

Key words: Seedless Watermelon, PCPA, Nitrogen Metabolism, Fruit Quality, Yield

中图分类号:

S651

张小红, 鄢铮. 防落素对大棚无籽西瓜叶片氮代谢及果实品质与产量的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2021, 11(11): 71-75.

Zhang Xiaohong, Yan Zheng. Influence of PCPA on Leaf Nitrogen Metabolism, Fruit Quality and Yield of Greenhouse Seedless Watermelon[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2021, 11(11): 71-75.

图/表 7

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PCPA浓度/(mg/L)	始花期/(mg/cm²)	盛花期/(mg/cm²)	幼果期/(mg/cm²)
0(CK)	0.42bC	0.47bB	0.39bA
10	0.46aAB	0.55aA	0.42abA
20	0.48aA	0.57aA	0.44aA
40	0.43bBC	0.49bB	0.39bA

PCPA浓度/(mg/L)	始花期/(mg/cm²)	盛花期/(mg/cm²)	幼果期/(mg/cm²)
0(CK)	0.42bC	0.47bB	0.39bA
10	0.46aAB	0.55aA	0.42abA
20	0.48aA	0.57aA	0.44aA
40	0.43bBC	0.49bB	0.39bA

PCPA浓度/(mg/L)	始花期/(g/kg)	盛花期/(g/kg)	幼果期/(g/kg)
0(CK)	50.36dC	42.65dB	38.83dB
10	53.44bA	47.92bA	42.86bA
20	54.35aA	48.76aA	43.54aA
40	52.31cB	44.03cB	39.64cB

PCPA浓度/(mg/L)	始花期/(g/kg)	盛花期/(g/kg)	幼果期/(g/kg)
0(CK)	50.36dC	42.65dB	38.83dB
10	53.44bA	47.92bA	42.86bA
20	54.35aA	48.76aA	43.54aA
40	52.31cB	44.03cB	39.64cB

PCPA浓度/(mg/L)	始花期/[µmol/(cm²·h)]	盛花期/[µmol/(cm²·h)]	幼果期/[µmol/(cm²·h)]
0(CK)	34.80dC	36.76dB	28.24dB
10	38.69bA	43.10bA	33.78bA
20	39.21aA	43.73aA	34.49aA
40	35.72cB	37.33cB	28.96cB