关键词: 甜菜, 黑龙江, 机械化, 种植, 调查

Abstract:

The important way to improve the comparative advantage of sugar beet is to realize the mechanization of sugar beet production and reduce the production cost under the situation of high agricultural labor cost. Through the investigation of sugar beet growers in Heilongjiang Province in 2018, the relevant data were sorted out and analyzed to master the mechanization of sugar beet production. The survey showed that sugar beet growers on average had 1.62 tractors and 1.67 farm implements per household in Heilongjiang Province. The tractors were mostly small and medium-sized, there were insufficient large-horsepower tractors and supporting farm implements, and the lack of sugar beet harvesting machinery was serious. The mechanization level of sugar beet production had reached 89.71%, lower than 96.93% of soybean and 91.89% of maize. There were three main modes of sugar beet mechanized cultivation, i.e. self-owned agricultural machine cultivation, substitution cultivation by machine owners, self-owned agricultural machine cultivation plus substitution cultivation by machine owners. The main mode was self-owned agricultural machine plus substitution cultivation by machine owners, accounting for 84.54%, and there were fewer sugar beet growers who relied solely on self-owned machine or substitution cultivation by machine owners, which accounting for 11.34% and 4.12%, respectively. To realize the steady development of sugar beet industry, it is necessary to vigorously develop the mechanization of sugar beet production, realize the substitution of manpower with machinery, and improve the comparative benefit of sugar beet.

Key words: sugar beet, Heilongjiang, mechanization, planting, investigation