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农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (2): 8-15.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0123

所属专题: 生物技术 小麦 农业生态

• 农艺科学/生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2018年河南省冬小麦施肥现状及增产潜力评价

王改革1(), 任宁2, 汪洋2, 叶优良2, 黄玉芳2()   

  1. 1漯河市农业科学院,河南漯河 462300
    2河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-07 修回日期:2020-08-27 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 黄玉芳 E-mail:ggwang9602@163.com;huangyufang@henau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王改革,女,1993年出生,河南漯河人,硕士研究生,研究方向:养分资源管理。通信地址:462300 河南省漯河市黄河路900号 漯河市农业科学院,Tel:0395-3133462,E-mail: ggwang9602@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    十三五国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200100)

Winter Wheat in Henan Province: An Evaluation of Fertilization Status and Yield Increase Potential in 2014—2018

WANG Gaige1(), REN Ning2, WANG Yang2, YE Youliang2, HUANG Yufang2()   

  1. 1Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
    2College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-07-07 Revised:2020-08-27 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-03-16
  • Contact: HUANG Yufang E-mail:ggwang9602@163.com;huangyufang@henau.edu.cn

摘要:

旨在为河南省不同区域小麦养分优化管理提供合理解决方案。调研采用实地问卷调查的方法,选择2014—2018年河南省具有代表性的县域作为调查地点,共得到7485份有效调查问卷,调查内容包括小麦产量、施肥习惯、施肥量、施肥种类、施肥方式等。河南省小麦产量在4500.00~10500.00 kg/hm2,氮肥投入量变化范围在0.00~939.08 kg/hm2,平均氮肥偏生产力、增产潜力分别为57.59 kg/kg和39.39%。磷肥投入量变化范围在0.00~455.40 kg/hm2,平均磷肥偏生产力、增产潜力为115.40 kg/kg和44.63%。钾肥投入量变化范围在0.00~337.50 kg/hm2、平均钾肥偏生产力、增产潜力为93.06 kg/kg和43.90%。2014—2018年,河南省小麦年际间产量表现不稳定,不合理施肥比例逐年下降,肥料偏生产力呈现递增趋势。应当根据当地土壤肥力适当减少氮肥的投入量,降低基追比,增施磷钾肥后小麦将有40%~45%的增产潜力。

关键词: 河南, 小麦, 施肥, 调查问卷, 增产潜力

Abstract:

The aim is to provide rational solution for the optimal management of wheat nutrients in different areas in Henan Province. Field questionnaires are used in this study, and the representative counties in Henan Province were chosen as the survey sites in 2014-2018. 7485 effective questionnaires were obtained, covering the aspects of wheat yield, fertilization habits, fertilization amounts, fertilization types, fertilization ways and etc. The yield of wheat in Henan ranged from 4500.00 kg/hm2 to 10500.00 kg/hm2, and the nitrogen fertilizer input varied from 0.00 kg/hm2 to 939.08 kg/hm2; the average partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) and yield increase potential was 57.59 kg/kg and 39.39%, respectively. The phosphate fertilizer input varied from 0.00 kg/hm2 to 455.40 kg/hm2; the average PFP and yield increase potential was 115.40 kg/kg and 44.63%, respectively. The potassium fertilizer input varied from 0.00 kg/hm2 to 377.50 kg/hm2; the average PFP and yield increase potential was 93.06 kg/kg and 43.90%, respectively. From 2014 to 2018, the inter-annual yield of wheat in Henan Province was unstable, the proportion of unreasonable fertilization decreased year by year, and the partial fertilizer productivity showed an increasing trend. Wheat planting in Henan Province should reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer appropriately according to local soil fertility, reduce the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the yield increase of wheat will be 40%-45%.

Key words: Henan, wheat, fertilization, questionnaire survey, yield increase potential