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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 92-100.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0159

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    

辽宁省玉米生长季降水与用水的耦合状况分析

张黎()   

  1. 辽宁省朝阳市气象局,辽宁朝阳 122000
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-18
  • 作者简介:

    张黎,女,1982年出生,辽宁铁岭人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事应用气象服务方面的工作。通信地址:122000 辽宁省朝阳市双塔区朝阳大街3段21号 朝阳市气象局, E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局气象探测中心青年科技课题“基于闪烁通量和土壤水分的小麦/玉米作物干旱指标及卫星遥感检验”(MOCQN202108)

Analysis of Coupling Status Between Precipitation and Water Use During Maize Growing Season in Liaoning Province

ZHANG Li()   

  1. Chaoyang Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning Province, Chaoyang Liaoning 122000
  • Received:2024-08-13 Revised:2025-02-20 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-18

摘要:

为了研究辽宁省玉米生长季的水分平衡状况,以1963—2022年辽宁省气象数据和作物系数为基础,运用SIMETAW模型与气候诊断分析方法,对辽宁省玉米生长季的降水和水分需求规律以及水分满足状况展开分析,揭示区域气候变化给玉米水分需求带来的影响,并对辽宁省玉米生长季有效降水和水分需求的时空演变展开研究。研究结果表明,辽宁省玉米全生育期有效降水达481.6 mm,其中:西部为347.4 mm,中部和南部是514.9 mm,东部为636.8 mm。玉米全生育期的平均水分需求为521 mm,未呈现显著的下降趋向。玉米全生育期降水与水分需求的耦合程度平均为0.715,即降水满足了71.5%的水分需求,平均缺水量为28.5%。西部地区耦合度λ>0.8的保证率仅为28.3%。耦合度的最大值出现于辽宁省东部,其次是辽宁省中部和南部,最小值则出现在辽宁省西部。耦合度的最高值出现在开花授粉期,其次是喇叭口期,最低值出现在生长初期和成熟期。近些年来,玉米生长初期降水与用水需求的耦合度呈现出显著的上升态势。辽宁省玉米生长初期的降水与用水需求耦合度相对较低,故而有必要关注干旱的出现,特别是辽宁省西部水资源短缺的情形。

关键词: 玉米, 参考作物蒸散量, 有效降水量, 需水量, 耦合度, 辽宁

Abstract:

To study the water balance during the maize growing season in Liaoning Province based on the meteorological data and crop coefficients in Liaoning Province from 1963 to 2022, the SIMETAW model and climate diagnostic analysis methods were used to analyze the precipitation, water demand patterns, and water satisfaction status during the maize growing season in Liaoning Province. The impact of regional climate change on maize water demand was revealed, and the spatio-temporal evolution of effective precipitation and water demand during the maize growing season in Liaoning Province was studied. The research results showed that the effective precipitation during the whole growth period reached 481.6 mm. Among them, it was 347.4 mm in the west, 514.9 mm in the central and southern parts, and 636.8 mm in the east. The average water demand during the whole growth period of maize was 521 mm, showing no significant downward trend. The average coupling degree between precipitation and water demand during the whole growth period of maize was 0.715, that is, precipitation met 71.5% of the water demand, and the average water shortage was 28.5%. The guarantee rate of the coupling degree λ > 0.8 in the western region was only 28.3%. The maximum value of the coupling degree appeared in the east of Liaoning Province, followed by the central and southern parts of Liaoning Province, and the minimum value appeared in the west of Liaoning Province. The highest value of the coupling degree appeared during the flowering and pollination period, followed by the trumpet stage, and the lowest value appeared in the early growth stage and the maturity stage. In recent years, the coupling degree between precipitation and water demand in the early growth stage of maize has shown a significant upward trend. The coupling degree between precipitation and water demand in the early growth stage of maize is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of drought, especially in the western part of Liaoning Province where water resources are scarce.

Key words: maize, reference crop evapotranspiration, effective precipitation, water demand, coupling degree, Liaoning