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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (8): 1-5.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0109

• 农艺农学 生理生化 •    下一篇

灌溉方式及肥料处理对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响

韩明明1,2(), 吕连杰1, 李文倩1,2, 张海军1   

  1. 1 淄博市农业科学研究院,山东淄博 255000
    2 淄博数字农业农村研究院,山东淄博 255051
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-06 修回日期:2024-09-05 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 作者简介:

    韩明明,男,1989年出生,山东安丘人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向:小麦高产优质高效栽培理论与技术途径。通信地址:255000 山东淄博张店区商场西街197号 淄博市农业科学研究院,Tel:0533-2865842,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设资金专项“小麦产业淄博综合试验站项目”(SDAIT-01-16)

Effects of Irrigation Methods and Fertilizer Treatments on Growth Development and Yield of Winter Wheat

HAN Mingming1,2(), LYU Lianjie1, LI Wenqian1,2, ZHANG Haijun1   

  1. 1 Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo Shandong 255000
    2 Zibo Institute for Digital Agriculture and Rural Research, Zibo Shandong 255051
  • Received:2024-06-06 Revised:2024-09-05 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-08-18

摘要:

本研究旨在探究不同灌溉方式及肥料处理对冬小麦群体动态、干物质积累分配及产量的影响。以冬小麦品种‘淄麦28’为供试材料,于2017—2018年小麦生长季进行大田试验,试验采用裂区设计,主区为2个灌溉方式:分别为传统畦灌、按需补灌;副区为2个肥料处理:分别为传统施肥、减量施肥。测定冬小麦生长发育指标及产量。结果表明,与传统施肥处理相比较,按需补灌配合减量施肥处理显著提高成熟期籽粒及颖壳+穗轴干物质积累量,增加幅度分别为11.98%、12.47%,提高花后同化干物质对籽粒的贡献率,提高幅度为10.87%,有利于产量的形成,最终提高综合收益。在与本试验自然环境及生产条件相似的地区,采用按需补灌技术并适当降低施肥量是可兼顾产量及经济效益的有效途径。

关键词: 冬小麦, 灌溉方式, 肥料处理, 籽粒产量, 经济效益

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods and fertilizer treatments on the population dynamics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield of winter wheat. A field experiment was conducted during the 2017-2018 growing season by using the winter wheat variety 'Zimai 28'. The experiment employed a split-plot design, with the main plots consisting of two irrigation methods: traditional furrow irrigation and on-demand supplementary irrigation. The subplots included two fertilizer treatments, including conventional fertilization and reduced fertilization. Growth, development indicators and yield of winter wheat were measured. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the combination of on-demand supplementary irrigation and reduced fertilization significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of grains and glumes plus rachis at maturity, with increases of 11.98% and 12.47%, respectively. It also enhanced the contribution rate of post-anthesis assimilated dry matter to grain, with an increase of 10.87%, which is conducive to yield formation and ultimately improves overall economic returns. It is recommended that in regions with natural environments and production conditions similar to those of this experiment, adopting on-demand supplementary irrigation and appropriately reducing fertilization levels is an effective approach to balancing yield and economic benefits.

Key words: winter wheat, irrigation methods, fertilizer treatments, grain yield, economic benefits