欢迎访问《农学学报》，
农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 30-35.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0016

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田及耕作方式对冬小麦土壤理化性质、酶活及产量的影响

吴福海1(), 张延霞2()   

  1. 1 巨野县大义镇农业财经综合服务中心， 山东巨野 274900
    2 滨州市农业技术推广中心， 山东滨州 256600
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15 修回日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者:
    通信作者简介：张延霞，女，1978年出生，山东滨州人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址：256600 山东省滨州市黄河十二路936号，Tel：0543-5083330，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    吴福海，男，1970年出生，山东巨野人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址：274933 山东省菏泽市巨野县大义镇政府，Tel：0530-8512039，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“黄淮海地区鲜食玉米和绿肥‘2+1’茬高效绿色种植试验及示范推广”(2023YFD2303100-01)

Effects of Straw Returning and Tillage Methods on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Yield of Winter Wheat

WU Fuhai1(), ZHANG Yanxia2()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Finance and Economics Comprehensive Service Center of Daiyi Town, Juye County, Juye, Shandong 274900
    2 Binzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Binzhou, Shandong 256600
  • Received:2025-01-15 Revised:2025-05-14 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

4

摘要：

为探究秸秆还田配施秸秆腐熟剂条件下，不同耕作方式对冬小麦土壤性状及产量的影响，本试验设置旋耕秸秆不还田(CK)、旋耕秸秆还田(XH)、深松秸秆还田(SH)、旋耕秸秆还田配施秸秆腐熟剂(XH+F)、深松秸秆还田配施秸秆腐熟剂(SH+F)处理。结果表明：相较于CK处理，其他处理显著改善了土壤pH，降低了土壤电导率及土壤容重。XH、SH相较于CK处理，提高了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量，但差异不显著；XH+F、SH+F显著提高了土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量，有效改善了土壤肥力。XH处理的土壤酶活相较于CK处理有所提高，SH、XH+F、SH+F处理显著提高了脲酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性。各处理的公顷穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、理论产量相较于CK处理均有一定程度的提高，其中，XH处理显著提高了千粒重及理论产量，SH、XH+F、SH+F显著提高了小麦公顷穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、理论产量，其中SH+F处理的产量最高，相较于CK处理提高了10.67%。根据各参数相关性分析，影响产量及构成因素的主要参数为土壤脲酶活性，因此本试验条件下土壤脲酶是影响产量及其构成因素的关键。结合小麦土壤性状及产量等因素，本试验条件下，深松秸秆还田配施秸秆腐熟剂是较为合适的耕作方式。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 秸秆腐熟剂, 耕作方式, 冬小麦, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of various tillage methods on soil properties and winter wheat yield when straw is returned to the field in conjunction with a straw decomposing agent, this study established five experimental treatments: rotary tillage with straw returning (CK), rotary tillage with straw returning (XH), subsoiling with straw returning (SH), subsoiling with straw returning and straw decomposing agent (SH+F), and rotary tillage with straw returning and straw decomposing agent (XH+F). The results indicated that compared to CK, other treatments improved soil pH, reduced soil conductivity and bulk density. Compared to CK, XH and SH treatments exhibited increases in soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conversely, XH+F and SH+F treatments demonstrated significant improvements in soil organic matter, available nitrogen, and available potassium, thereby enhancing soil fertility. Moreover, compared to CK, XH treatment showed a modest increase in soil enzyme activity, whereas SH, XH+F and SH+F treatments significantly elevated the activities of urease, catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and invertase in the soil. Compared to the CK treatment, the number of spikes, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield increased to varying degrees in all treatments. Specifically, the XH treatment significantly enhanced the 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield. Additionally, SH, XH+F and SH+F treatments significantly boosted the number of spikes, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield per hectare of wheat. Notably, the SH+F treatment demonstrated the highest yield, with a 10.67% increase over the CK treatment. Soil urease activity emerged as the primary factor influencing yield and composition parameters based on correlation analysis. Therefore, soil urease played a pivotal role in determining yield and its composition under the experimental conditions. Considering soil properties and wheat yield, incorporating subsoil straw and implementing straw decomposition proved to be a more suitable tillage approach in this experimental context.

Key words: straw returning, straw decomposing agent, tillage method, winter wheat, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, yield