Abstract: At present, land pollution is serious in China, coupled with long-term operation under high load, it makes the high and stable yield of grain under serious threat. In order to speed up the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture in China, and to provide technical support and theoretical basis for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, this study concludes the proposing, content and feasibility of rotation fallow. It is considered that the rotation fallow cultivation has the practical significance of protecting the species diversity, increasing the soil organic matter content and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. The study also describes the typical cases of rotation fallowing at home and abroad, and puts forward six suggestions for effectively promoting the rotation fallow: make scientific plans; define the scope of fallow rotation; carry out effective management and supervision; strengthen propaganda; adjust agricultural planting structure; determine reasonable compensation standards.