Abstract: To provide reference for an accurate study on the relationship between the anatomical structure and dwarfing of shoots of apple dwarf rootstock, we discriminated the anatomical structure in 1-year shoot of apple dwarf rootstock Y-1 by conventional paraffin section method. The results showed that the overall structures of 1-year shoot of apple dwarf rootstock Y-1 included periderm, cortex, vascular system, pith, pith ray, among them, the xylem and phloem had primary structure and secondary structure, from outside to inside sequentially: cork, cork formation layer, suppository inner layer, cortex, primary phloem, secondary phloem, formation layer, secondary xylem, primary xylem, pith, phloem ray, wood ray, pith ray ran through them. The boundary between the primary phloem and the secondary phloem was not obvious; in the case of icroscope, vessel was easy to be discriminated, while tracheid was difficult, sieve tube and companion cell could be discriminated, but vessel and sieve tube with translocation needed to be discriminated by more elaborated and advanced technique. In the future, anatomical structure in 1-year shoot of apple dwarf rootstock should be compared with standard apple rootstocks by more advanced techniques for searching more tissue characters related to dwarfing.