Current issue

• 2018 Vol.8 No.10 Published:01 November 2018

  Effect of Humidity on the Rotten Degree of Animal Manure 2018, 8 (10):  .  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100015 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 640 ) To study effect of humidity on the rotten degree of animal manure, the pig manure, cow manure, and sheep manure were used as materials and under different humidity rotten degree of animal manure were analyzed. The results showed that the rotten degree was best, when the humidity of pig manure, cow manure, and sheep manure was 65 %, 75 % and 75 %, respectively. Furthermore, when pig manure, cow manure, and sheep manure were decomposed in 53.25 days, 53 days and 53.25 days, respectively, and germination index was the highest, as showed 0.52, 0.55 and 0.62, respectively. In conclusion, the pig manure most fastly fermentated, sheep manure was the second, and cow manure was the slowest, and sheep manure was most beneficial to germination of seeds.

  A Haze in Heilongjiang: Weather Characteristics and Cause Analysis 2018, 8 (10):  .  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18040015 Abstract + ( 462 )   PDF ( 1768KB )   ( 642 ) The paper aims to find the characteristics and cause of haze weather. We analyzed a rare haze weather process in Heilongjiang in November 2016 based on the observation data of surface and upper meteorological elements and pollutant composition and the method of the back trajectory. The results showed that: the meteorological conditions, including weak ground pressure field, weak trough of low and middle level, the increasing of temperature and humidity in low and middle troposphere, inversion conditions, and weak vorticity advection, were beneficial to air pollutant aggregation, the increase of concentration, and the visibility degradation, and caused the heavy haze weather, while the north airflow in front of cold high pressure was beneficial to haze dissipation. So, the weak meteorological condition is the important cause of the haze weather, and forecasting the weak weather condition is the key to forecast haze weather.

  1-year Shoot of Apple Dwarf Rootstock: Anatomical Structure 2018, 8 (10):  .  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18040018 Abstract + ( 542 )   PDF ( 2171KB )   ( 400 ) To provide reference for an accurate study on the relationship between the anatomical structure and dwarfing of shoots of apple dwarf rootstock, we discriminated the anatomical structure in 1-year shoot of apple dwarf rootstock Y-1 by conventional paraffin section method. The results showed that the overall structures of 1-year shoot of apple dwarf rootstock Y-1 included periderm, cortex, vascular system, pith, pith ray, among them, the xylem and phloem had primary structure and secondary structure, from outside to inside sequentially: cork, cork formation layer, suppository inner layer, cortex, primary phloem, secondary phloem, formation layer, secondary xylem, primary xylem, pith, phloem ray, wood ray, pith ray ran through them. The boundary between the primary phloem and the secondary phloem was not obvious; in the case of icroscope, vessel was easy to be discriminated, while tracheid was difficult, sieve tube and companion cell could be discriminated, but vessel and sieve tube with translocation needed to be discriminated by more elaborated and advanced technique. In the future, anatomical structure in 1-year shoot of apple dwarf rootstock should be compared with standard apple rootstocks by more advanced techniques for searching more tissue characters related to dwarfing.

  Effect of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Characters and Yield of Sesame 2018, 8 (10):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18040016 Abstract + ( 672 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 674 ) To explore the cultivation technology of sesame in Liaoning,‘Liaozhi 7’was used as the material, and a random block experiment was conducted with 4 sowing dates and 6 planting densities. The growth period, yield composition factor and yield were investigated. The results showed that different sowing dates affected the growth process and growth period of sesame. The vegetative growth time from seedling to squaring stage and the flowering period were shortened along with the delaying of the sowing date, and the growth period was also shortened. Different sowing dates and planting densities affected yield significantly, for the yield factors, the effect on the number of capsule per plant was significant, while that on capsule number and 1000- grain weight was not significant. With the delaying of sowing date and the increase of density, the number of capsule grains and the weight of 1000 grains decreased. All together, in spring sowing areas of Liaoning, the suitable sowing date is May 10 to 20, and the optimum density is 15.0×104-22.5×104 seedlings/hm2.

  Research Progresses of Differentiation and Development Genes of Tassel Branch Number of Maize (Zea mays L.) 2018, 8 (10):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060019 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 2188 ) To discover allelic variation of the key genes involved in tassel branch number (TBN) development process and design maize tassel breeding, we summarized mapped-QTLs of TBN, and explained function and regulatory networks of key genes involved in TBN development process. The stable-inheritance major QTLs of TBN were less, and TBN genes derived from mutants showed extreme phenotype, therefore it limited the direct application in maize breeding. We offered proposals including near-isogenic line construction of TBN-QTL and searching excellent allele variations from natural population based on key characteristic of TBN genes, which would contribute to map- based cloning of TBN genes, exploring of excellent allele variations, and molecular breeding of maize yield and plant-type related traits.

  Research Progress on Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) 2018, 8 (10):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17070008 Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 999 ) To study the occurrence regularity and control strategy of Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür), this paper summarized the related research at home and abroad in recent years. The occurrence of Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) was mainly studied from two aspects, one was the effect of environmental factors on the growth and development of Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür), the other one was the choice between different hosts and pest. The physics, chemistry, biology and other aspects on pest control were researched. In this study, we found that: the related research focused on the dynamic law of population occurrence, the make of life table, the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the mutual selectivity, the optimal selection of pharmaceuticals. The current research has gone to the molecular gene level, but mainly focuses on a specific functional gene, there is still a lack of research on the overall correlation of genes. The future research also needs to be deepened on genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and other aspects.

  Comparative Analysis of Salt Stress on Germination of Five Nitraria Species 阿尔祖古丽BbBb图尔荪 and 玉苏甫.买买提 2018, 8 (10):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050033 Abstract + ( 468 )   PDF ( 1215KB )   ( 554 ) To grasp the physiological differences of salt tolerance of five Nitraria species, with different concentrations of sodium salt medium and Nitraria seeds as experimental materials, by means of seed disinfection, soaking in warm water for 24-48 h to absorb water, and cultivation in incubator, we studied the influence of different concentrations of NaCL on seed germination of five Nitraria species. The results showed that different concentrations of sodium salt had different effects on the absolute germination rate, relative germination rate and germination index of Nitraria seeds. Among them, sodium salt concentration of 0-10 g/L gradually increased the absolute germination percentage and relative germination percentage of Nitraria species, except N. sibirica; while sodium salt concentration of 10-25 g/L gradually decreased the absolute germination rate and relative germination rate of the five Nitraria species; sodium salt concentration of 0-5 g/L increased the seed germination index of all the tested species, while sodium salt concentration of 5-10 g/L increased the germination index of N. schoberi and N. tangutorum, but decreased that of N. sibirica, N. roborowskii, N. sphaeroearpa, showing that the salt tolerance of N. schoberi and N. tangutorum was strong. The research results could provide a scientific basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soil and the restoration of damaged ecosystems in arid areas of China.

  Application of Seaweed Fertilizer in Rice: Recent Advances 2018, 8 (10):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17080019 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 1415 ) To develop and promote the application of safe, non-toxic, efficient and environment-friendly bioorganic fertilizer, the active ingredients and function of seaweed fertilizer and the latest research progress on the application of various types of seaweed fertilizers in rice are summarized. (1) The seaweed fertilizer contains high concentration of active amino acid, polypeptide, natural plant hormone precursors and betaine compared with the chemical fertilizer. It has also become a hot product in fertilizer production because of the modulation of hormone and nutrient balance in the plants, enhancing immunity and healthy growth of crops, and improving the yield and quality and other advantages; (2) the seaweed foliar fertilizer, solid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, seaweed biological organic fertilizer and other new types of seaweed products have been produced in recent years with the deepening research and development of seaweed; (3) due to the prominent effects and the increasing demand of seaweed fertilizer, the market of seaweed fertilizer is in a mess, and the qualities of seaweed fertilizer products are of uneven levels in the market in recent years; (4) the industry of the seaweed fertilizer will enter a new stage of standardized development markets in China based on the standard HG/T 5050-2016 Alginate Fertilizer, the national industrial standard HG/T 5049-2016 Urea Containing Alginate released officially on April 1st, 2017 and the implementation of the People''s Republic of China Agricultural Industry Standard NY 884-2012 of bio organic fertilizer.

  Pear Planting Structure and Frequency of Bee Foraging: Effects on Honeybee Pollination 2018, 8 (10):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100009 Abstract + ( 404 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 548 ) China’s pear planting area and output take the first place in the world. Because of wide planting, there are certain intervals of pear fluorescence from south to north, so the apiaries need to move for pear pollination. By analyzing the factors, such as different planting structures, the effects of bee foraging frequency on the percentage and weight of pear pollen foraged by honeybees and the percentage of bees foraging pear pollen, we studied the influence of repeated bee foraging on bee foraging ability during pear pollination, and the effects of oilseed rape and other competing plants which had overlapped florescence with pear on honeybee pollination for pear. The results showed that the competing plants could decline the foraging initiatives of swarm, and their planting should be avoided near pear orchard. Repeated foraging could enhanc enhance the foraging initiatives and the pollination effect, so professional apiaries could play a role in pear pollination.

  Light Response Model of Three Camellia oleifera F1 Generation 2018, 8 (10):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060016 Abstract + ( 446 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 499 ) To provide a basis for the breeding of hybrid Camellia oleifera, we selected suitable one from four light response models by fitting and comparing the light response curve of 3 hybrid F1 generation of Camellia oleifera. It showed that there was a similar change of Pn in the 3 hybrid F1 generation by using the light response curve fitting, but the maximum value was different, the order was‘Ganwu 16’(♂)בShuntaifenhong’ (♀) hybrid[7.61 μmol/(m2·s)]>‘Gan190’(♂)בGanwu 8’(♀) hybrid[8.74 μmol/(m2·s)]>‘Ganwu 1’(♂)× ‘Baipizhongzi’(♀) hybrid[2.62 μmol/(m2·s)]. The light suppression point of the hybrid progeny of‘Ganwu 16’ (♂)ב Shuntaifenhong’(♀) [1750 μmol/(m2·s)] and‘Gan190’(♂)בGanwu 8’(♀) hybrid [1600 μmol/(m2·s)] were higher than that of‘Ganwu 1’(♂)בBaipizhongzi’(♀) hybrid [1000 μmol/(m2·s)]. Under the weak light condition [<200 μmol/(m2 ·s)], the curves of the four light response models were almost straight. The fitting values of the 3 hybrids light saturation points and the compensation points were close to the measured values by using the right angle hyperbolic correction model. The path analysis showed that the main factors affecting the 3 hybrids Pn were different. The main affecting factors of Pn of‘Ganwu 16’(♂)בShuntaifenhong’(♀) hybrid and‘Gan190’(♂)בGanwu 8’(♀) hybrid were Ci and Tr, and the direct effect of Ci on Pn was - 0.980, -0.840, the effect of Tr on Pn was achieved by the direct effect of Tr on Pn (0.749, 0.189) and the indirect effect of Tr on Pn through Gs (0.241, 0.183). The main affecting factors on Pn of‘Ganwu 16’(♂)× ‘Shuntaifenhong’(♀) hybrid were Ci and Gs, the path coefficient of the direct effect of Ci on Pn was -0.667, the effect of Gs on Pn was achieved by the direct effect of Gs on Pn (0.510) and the indirect effect of Gs on Pn through Tr (0.503).

  Fertilization Effect on Lycium ruthenicum in Growing Period 2018, 8 (10):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100003 Abstract + ( 650 )   PDF ( 1319KB )   ( 593 ) Taking 2 years old Lycium ruthenicum seedings as experimental materials , the author designed a ‘3414’ test, in which N ,K , P straight fertilizers were used as 3 factors and 4 different concentration of them as 4 levels , to study the effects of different fertilization schedules and the rational fertilizers combination. The test was aimed at providing a reference for formula fertilization of Lycium ruthenicum in cultivation. According to the variation coefficient of the observed characters in cultivated group of Lycium ruthenicum, the study determined the weight of the growth characters in fertilization effect. And then, each of the fertilization schedule’s influence was figured out on plant’s entire growth. At last, the best fertilizer scheme was determined. The optimum fertilizer matching pre-bloom was figured out: 18g urea per plant; 56 g superphosphate per plant; 33g potassium sulphate per plant. In addition, the urea had an obvious effect on plants’ vegetative growth, while other two kinds of fertilizer had no obvious effect in short term. The study provide a new method to evaluate fertilization effect on Lycium ruthenicum and screen out a rational fertilizer matching and dosage.

  Shading Treatments: Effects on Photosynthetic Rate and Yield of 9 Medicinal Plants 2018, 8 (10):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050034 Abstract + ( 588 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 531 ) The paper aims to evaluate the adaptability of 9 kinds of medicinal plants under different shading conditions. The authors carried out shading treatments and measured the photosynthetic rate and yield. The results showed that: light and plant growth and development were closely related to the shading adaptability of different medicinal plants, the yield decrease of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix isatidis, Lily, and Radix under 30% shading was not significant with that of the contrast; Radix glehniae, Bupleurum, Araceae maintained higher photosynthetic rate, drying rate and yield under 50% shading; the indexes of Fritillaria and Achyranthes bidentata significantly decreased after different shading treatments.

  Research Advances in Medicinal Dendrobium 2018, 8 (10):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030007 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 620 ) The main research status of medicinal Dendrobium in recent twenty years was reviewed. The development origin, resource distribution, resource investigation and evaluation, component analysis, pharmacology research, artificial cultivation, tissue culture culture, product processing were summarized. At the same time, the problems existing in the research of medicinal Dendrobium and the research direction in the future are discussed in order to provide scientific and technological support for the scale and sustainable development of medicinal Dendrobium.

  The Comparison of Mycelial Growth Characteristics of 11 Kinds of Hypsizygus marmoreus 2018, 8 (10):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090001 Abstract + ( 1017 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 704 ) To further optimize the industrial cultivation condition of Hupsizygus marmoreus, and screen out excellent strains, 11 Hupsizygus marmoreus cultivars from different places were used as materials. The mycelial growth, the mycelial growth rate and the mycelial growth indexes were compared, and the mycelial growth characteristics of different parent hypha species and original species were studied. The results showed that the mycelial growth of parent hypha species and original species of No.5‘( Hypsizygus marmoreus No.1’) and No.7‘( Hypsizygus marmoreus’) was better than that of others. Their mycelia were dense and uniform and the growth scores were higher, their average growth rate was significantly higher than that of other species. And their mycelial growth indexes were also higher. Therefore, considering the characteristics of mycelial growth, No.5‘( Hypsizygus marmoreus No.1’) and No.7‘( Hypsizygus marmoreus’) could be used as excellent strains for Hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation.

  Effect of Mutagens on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Alfalfa 姜成,李如来,冯鹏,李增杰,李志民 and 王强 2018, 8 (10):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17080011 Abstract + ( 660 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 609 ) This study aims at comparing the effects of different mutagenesis treatments on alfalfa. 60Co-γ rays, ultraviolet and EMS were used for induced mutation of four alfalfa cultivars’dry seeds. The contemporary materials were taken as research objects, the influence of mutagenic treatment on the physiological and biochemical indexes of alfalfa was explored. After mutation treatments, the activity of three anti-oxidative enzymes showed an increasing trend. The effect of 60Co-γ irradiation on SOD was accelerating, ultraviolet treatment reduced SOD activity, EMS treatment on SOD showed low- concentration promotion and highconcentration inhibitory. Along with the increasing of 60Co-γ irradiation, POD and CAT activity decreased, while POD and CAT activity increased with the increasing ultraviolet dosage. The effect of EMS treatment was different in different varieties. The effects of mutagenic treatments on soluble protein, soluble sugar and free proline in alfalfa were different due to dosage and variety, and did not affect MDA content obviously. The mutation treatments improved the activities of three anti-oxidative enzymes, 150 Gy 60Co-γ, 90 min ultraviolet and 0.4% EMS treatment had significant effect on the physiological activity of alfalfa.

  Automatic Coal-Adding Technology: Application Effect in Ankang Tobacco Areas 2018, 8 (10):  76-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090020 Abstract + ( 500 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 461 ) To promote the automation of curing and coal-adding technology in flue-cured tobacco production, the authors compared the comprehensive benefits before and after the automation. The results showed that: compared with manual coal-adding treatment, the coal-adding times of automatic coal-adding decreased by 84.13%, the amount of coal consumption per unit of dry tobacco decreased by 16.75%, and the average price of the original tobacco, the proportion of fine tobacco, and the proportion of orange tobacco increased by 3.76%, 3.15% and 4.35%, respectively, and the fresh dry ratio decreased by 3.65%. The effect of automatic coaladding is obvious in reducing cost and labor, improving tobacco quality, and increasing the output value. In a comprehensive view, this single technology can improve the yield of 12.64% per unit area, but also is conducive to agricultural mechanization and environmental protection.

  Decay and Sprout Control Technology of Sweet Potato During Storage 2018, 8 (10):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17060020 Abstract + ( 576 )   PDF ( 1426KB )   ( 526 ) To control the sprout and decay and maintain the quality of sweet potato during storage, new postharvest control technologies such as ethylene, 1-MCP, CIPC, ABA, fludioxonil and hot water were studied by the methods of statistics and staining. The results showed that ethylene could effectively inhibit the sprout compared with other treatments such as 1-MCP, CIPC and ABA. Moreover, ethylene and 1-MCP had no significant effect on the curing process. However, the decay rate was intensified by the treatment of ethylene, CIPC and ABA. In the long period of storage, the decay rate and decay index significantly increased. For the storage of 7 months, fludioxonil powder, fludioxonil powder+ 58℃ hot air, 29℃ curing+ 1-MCP, 600 μg/L fludioxonil could inhibit the rot of sweet potato (decay ratio<10% ). At the end of 9 months storage, 29℃ curing+ 1-MCP was the best treatment for rot control. The study provides a reference for improving the storage quality of sweet potato.

  On Features of All-round Development of Agronomy Works in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the Corresponding Social Reasons 2018, 8 (10):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020016 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 920 ) To have a comprehensive understanding of agronomy works in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of historical data and works on agronomy history are reviewed, and the characteristics of the all-round development of agronomy works during this time are summarized as the unprecedented increase in quantity and a wide variety of content. The social causes of the agronomy works in Song and Yuan Dynasties are: the national agricultural policies and measures promoted the production and dissemination of the agronomy works, the intellectuals frustrated in officialdom devoted themselves to the development of private agronomy works, the progress of culture and scientific technology initiated the prosperity of the agronomy works and the foreign exchange and the prosperity of the commodity economy facilitated the diversification of the agronomy works. The study has certain value to development of modern agricultural science and technology.

  Cooperation Between China and G77 + China Rome Chapter Under the Framework of UN Agencies for Food and Agriculture: Status and Future 2018, 8 (10):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18090006 Abstract + ( 555 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 864 ) This study aims to demonstrate the importance of the G77 + China Rome Chapter, call for support from current Chinese funds and projects to strengthen its capacity building, and increase the voice and influence of developing countries under the framework of UN Agencies for Food and Agriculture. Through looking up minutes of the Plenary Meetings and relevant documents, visiting the Chairperson, Secretariat and stakeholders of the G77 + China Rome Chapter and participating the Plenary Meetings of the G77 + China Rome Chapter, we found that the importance of the G77 + China Rome Chapter, which is now facing various difficulties and challenges, is underestimated, and it needs and looks forward to China''s wisdom and support to tackle the challenges. We suggest that measures should be taken actively to strengthen the cooperation between China and the G77 + China Rome Chapter under the framework of UN Agencies for Food and Agriculture.

  The Status Quo, Factors and Trends of World Food Insecurity 2018, 8 (10):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080015 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 1354 ) Food supply and demand around the world is basically in a state of tight balance, but regional imbalances are obvious, and food shortages in some areas are still serious. Since 2000, the number of hungry people in the world has been declining significantly, but signs of rebound appear recently. In general, insufficient effective demand is an important factor to cause food insecurity around the world. Furthermore, trade only dominates a relatively small proportion of global food supply, thus it cannot fundamentally address food security issues. Besides, the potential productivity of the world’s food can conditionally meet the effective demand for future consumptions, however, multiple unfavorable factors, such as conflict and climate change, will continually challenge the world food security for a long time to come.