Abstract:

To understand the situation of apple production and the green prevention and control in Fengxian in 2017-2018, 13 apple planting villages in Liangzhai, Shizhai, Dashahe and Songlou of Fengxian were surveyed on the basic information of growers, apple production and management, as well as the control of pests and diseases in orchards. The results showed that people in charge in apple orchards in Fengxian were mostly male, and their age on the whole was older, their overall cultural level was lower, and the number of CPC party members or village cadres was less. In the normal climate year (2017), the average yield of apple in Fengxian could reach 29178.6 kg/hm², with an average price of 2.4 yuan/kg and the gross income of 73608 yuan/hm². In the year of extreme climate (2018), the output of apple decreased by more than 50%, the average price of apple increased by about 1.8 times, but the total income of growers decreased. The input of pesticides and fertilizers was the most important component of the cost of means of production, accounting for about 40% of the total input, and its proportion was less affected by the fluctuation of the cost of means of production. The high disease incidence in apple orchards included Alternaria mali, Physalospora Piricola, and Valsa mali and Anthracnose also had a certain degree of damage. The high incidences of insect pests were Grapholitha molesta, Aphis citricola, Tetranychus viennesis and Apolygus lucorum. For pests and diseases, all apple growers adopted chemical control methods, while the proportion of growers who used agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures for integrated control was not high. Most of the growers sprayed pesticides 9-12 times per year, the first spraying time was at the end of March or the beginning of April, and the last spraying time was different. Agricultural stores were the main purchasing channel pf pesticides, and most growers chose agricultural stores to prepare pesticides on their behalf. More than half of the growers chose to spray pesticides according to the specific conditions of their orchards. The mechanization of spraying in apple orchards has had a relatively high degree in Fengxian, and at present, the application of small automatic mobile sprayers has exceeded 80%.

Key words: Apple, Green Prevention and Control, Fengxian, Pests and Diseases, Investigation