Investigation on Peach Aphids and Study on Insecticides’ Control Efficacy and Safety for Natural Enemies

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200100011

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the damage characteristics of aphids in peach trees, the species, quantity and damage were investigated. The spraying method was used to compare the control efficacy of 4 insecticides on Myzus persicae Sulzer. The quantities and species of natural enemies, the dominance degree, the state of main natural enemies after 21 days of spraying insecticides, the effect of insecticide concentrations on natural enemies were compared. The results showed that: (1) in terms of species, nectarine and wild peach were mainly damaged by M. persicae, and the flowering peach was mainly damaged by Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard; quantitatively speaking, M. persicae in nectarine accounted for 95.4%, which was significantly higher than the number of H. amygdali, and there was no damage by Tuberocephalus momonis Matsumura; for wild peach, the quantities of M. persicae and H. amygdali were similar, which were significantly higher than that of T. momonis; flowering peach was mainly damaged by H. amygdali, and there were significant differences in the number of aphid species; M. persicae and H. amygdali had the mixed occurrence on individual leaf; (2) spirotetramat and sulfoxaflor were recommended at 44.8 mg/L and 33.3 mg/L for spraying treatment, and their 21 days’ control efficacy was 99.9% and 82.1%, respectively; veratridine was recommended at 10 mg/L, its 14 days’control efficacy was 38.5%; Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 was not recommended for M. persicae control; (3) the investigation revealed that there were 7 species of natural enemies of M. persicae, and Harmonia axyridis Pallas was the dominant species, accounting for 91.0%; Propylaea japonica Thunberg was the abundant species, accounting for 7.7%, and the rest were the occasional species; the stage development of the 2 species of ladybugs was basically the same, and the larvae and eggs were dominant in this stage. The study showed that all insecticides and treatments were safe for predatory natural enemies.

Key words: aphid, preference, peach, control efficacy, safety

CLC Number:

S433.9

GONG Qingtao, LI Guixiang, LI Suhong, WU Haibin, JIANG Lili, SUN Ruihong, ZHANG Anning. Investigation on Peach Aphids and Study on Insecticides’ Control Efficacy and Safety for Natural Enemies[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(3): 23-29.

Figures/Tables 8

References 25

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处理药剂		剂量	虫口减退率/%
处理药剂		剂量	3d	5d	7d	9d	14d	21d
藜芦碱		10.0 mg/L	-4.5±1.2bc	5.9±2.5bc	9.3±9.1b	-30.6±33.2b	-139.2±48.5cd	-6.2±10.5a
		5.0 mg/L	-6.2±0.9bc	-2.2±3.8bc	-9.5±5.6b	-48.8±5.3bc	-100.2±8.6bc	24.0±19.4a
		3.3 mg/L	-9.0±3.5bc	1.4±4.1bc	-24.6±5.3bc	-81.2±28.0bcd	-170.7±41.1cd	-3.6±24.5a
金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421		8.0×10¹⁰孢子/L	-13.6±2.8c	3.3±3.6bc	-53.9±4.8cd	-143.8±7.1d	-232.7±17.7cd	28.4±12.8a
		4.0×10¹⁰孢子/L	-8.8±4.1bc	11.3±5.0bc	-10.9±5.9b	-101.9±31.6bcd	-248.0±77.8cd	-17.5±27.2a
		2.7×10¹⁰孢子/L	-9.5±3.9bc	-40.5±28.7d	-68.6±34.8d	-112.3±55.7bcd	-238.6±92.1cd	-51.5±40.2a
螺虫乙酯		74.7 mg/L	-0.6±2.6bc	87.4±1.2a	96.4±2.2a	98.3±0.8a	99.8±0.1a	100.0±0.0a
		56.0 mg/L	-3.6±1.0bc	90.0±0.1a	99.3±0.5a	99.7±0.3a	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a
		44.8 mg/L	-2.8±1.6bc	81.5±1.6a	84.4±3.7a	82.6±6.0a	81.2±7.0a	99.6±0.2a
氟啶虫胺腈		33.3 mg/L	20.2±9.5a	92.2±1.7a	90.0±0.5a	86.5±1.1a	53.7±10.8ab	-9.8±10.8a
		25.0 mg/L	21.4±7.2a	67.4±4.8a	77.0±5.6a	68.8±8.0a	25.5±9.4ab	-70.8±9.4a
		20.0 mg/L	8.4±8.6ab	33.7±12.8b	58.4±10.2a	69.7±9.0a	34.9±63.2ab	-10.5±63.2a
CK		0.0	-7.6±1.7bc	-16.3±0.6cd	-77.3±6.9d	-130.8±25.6cd	-289.0±228.4d	-513.9±228.4b
处理药剂		剂量	防治效果/%
处理药剂		剂量	3d	5d	7d	9d	14d	21d
藜芦碱		10.0 mg/L	2.9±1.1bc	19.0±2.2c	48.8±5.1b	43.4±14.4b	38.5±12.5c	82.7±1.7b
		5.0 mg/L	1.3±0.8bc	12.1±3.3c	38.3±3.2b	35.5±2.3b	48.5±2.2bc	87.6±3.2ab
		3.3 mg/L	-1.4±3.2bc	15.2±3.5c	29.7±3.0bc	21.5±12.1bc	30.4±10.6c	83.1±4.0b
金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421		8.0×10⁹个/L孢子	-5.6±2.6c	16.8±3.1c	13.2±2.7cd	-5.6±3.1c	14.5±4.6c	88.3±2.1ab
		4.0×10⁹个/L孢子	-1.2±3.8bc	23.7±4.3c	37.4±3.3b	12.5±13.7bc	10.5±20.0c	80.9±4.4b
		2.7×10⁹个/L孢子	-1.8±3.7bc	-20.9±24.7d	4.9±19.6d	8.0±24.2bc	13.0±23.7c	75.3±6.6b
螺虫乙酯		74.7 mg/L	6.5±2.4bc	89.2±1.0a	97.9±1.3a	99.3±0.3a	99.9±0.0a	100.0±0.0a
		56.0 mg/L	3.7±0.9bc	91.4±0.1a	99.6±0.3a	99.9±0.1a	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a
		44.8 mg/L	4.4±1.5bc	84.1±1.4a	91.2±2.1a	92.5±2.6a	95.2±1.8a	99.9±0.0a
氟啶虫胺腈		33.3 mg/L	25.8±8.8a	93.3±1.5a	94.4±0.3a	94.2±0.5a	88.1±1.6ab	82.1±1.8b
		25.0 mg/L	26.9±6.7a	71.9±4.1ab	87.0±3.2a	86.5±3.5a	80.8±4.7ab	72.2±1.5b
		20.0 mg/L	14.8±8.0ab	43.0±11.0bc	76.6±5.8a	86.9±3.9a	83.3±6.4ab	82.0±10.3b
CK	0.0

处理药剂		剂量	虫口减退率/%
处理药剂		剂量	3d	5d	7d	9d	14d	21d
藜芦碱		10.0 mg/L	-4.5±1.2bc	5.9±2.5bc	9.3±9.1b	-30.6±33.2b	-139.2±48.5cd	-6.2±10.5a
		5.0 mg/L	-6.2±0.9bc	-2.2±3.8bc	-9.5±5.6b	-48.8±5.3bc	-100.2±8.6bc	24.0±19.4a
		3.3 mg/L	-9.0±3.5bc	1.4±4.1bc	-24.6±5.3bc	-81.2±28.0bcd	-170.7±41.1cd	-3.6±24.5a
金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421		8.0×10¹⁰孢子/L	-13.6±2.8c	3.3±3.6bc	-53.9±4.8cd	-143.8±7.1d	-232.7±17.7cd	28.4±12.8a
		4.0×10¹⁰孢子/L	-8.8±4.1bc	11.3±5.0bc	-10.9±5.9b	-101.9±31.6bcd	-248.0±77.8cd	-17.5±27.2a
		2.7×10¹⁰孢子/L	-9.5±3.9bc	-40.5±28.7d	-68.6±34.8d	-112.3±55.7bcd	-238.6±92.1cd	-51.5±40.2a
螺虫乙酯		74.7 mg/L	-0.6±2.6bc	87.4±1.2a	96.4±2.2a	98.3±0.8a	99.8±0.1a	100.0±0.0a
		56.0 mg/L	-3.6±1.0bc	90.0±0.1a	99.3±0.5a	99.7±0.3a	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a
		44.8 mg/L	-2.8±1.6bc	81.5±1.6a	84.4±3.7a	82.6±6.0a	81.2±7.0a	99.6±0.2a
氟啶虫胺腈		33.3 mg/L	20.2±9.5a	92.2±1.7a	90.0±0.5a	86.5±1.1a	53.7±10.8ab	-9.8±10.8a
		25.0 mg/L	21.4±7.2a	67.4±4.8a	77.0±5.6a	68.8±8.0a	25.5±9.4ab	-70.8±9.4a
		20.0 mg/L	8.4±8.6ab	33.7±12.8b	58.4±10.2a	69.7±9.0a	34.9±63.2ab	-10.5±63.2a
CK		0.0	-7.6±1.7bc	-16.3±0.6cd	-77.3±6.9d	-130.8±25.6cd	-289.0±228.4d	-513.9±228.4b
处理药剂		剂量	防治效果/%
处理药剂		剂量	3d	5d	7d	9d	14d	21d
藜芦碱		10.0 mg/L	2.9±1.1bc	19.0±2.2c	48.8±5.1b	43.4±14.4b	38.5±12.5c	82.7±1.7b
		5.0 mg/L	1.3±0.8bc	12.1±3.3c	38.3±3.2b	35.5±2.3b	48.5±2.2bc	87.6±3.2ab
		3.3 mg/L	-1.4±3.2bc	15.2±3.5c	29.7±3.0bc	21.5±12.1bc	30.4±10.6c	83.1±4.0b
金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421		8.0×10⁹个/L孢子	-5.6±2.6c	16.8±3.1c	13.2±2.7cd	-5.6±3.1c	14.5±4.6c	88.3±2.1ab
		4.0×10⁹个/L孢子	-1.2±3.8bc	23.7±4.3c	37.4±3.3b	12.5±13.7bc	10.5±20.0c	80.9±4.4b
		2.7×10⁹个/L孢子	-1.8±3.7bc	-20.9±24.7d	4.9±19.6d	8.0±24.2bc	13.0±23.7c	75.3±6.6b
螺虫乙酯		74.7 mg/L	6.5±2.4bc	89.2±1.0a	97.9±1.3a	99.3±0.3a	99.9±0.0a	100.0±0.0a
		56.0 mg/L	3.7±0.9bc	91.4±0.1a	99.6±0.3a	99.9±0.1a	100.0±0.0a	100.0±0.0a
		44.8 mg/L	4.4±1.5bc	84.1±1.4a	91.2±2.1a	92.5±2.6a	95.2±1.8a	99.9±0.0a
氟啶虫胺腈		33.3 mg/L	25.8±8.8a	93.3±1.5a	94.4±0.3a	94.2±0.5a	88.1±1.6ab	82.1±1.8b
		25.0 mg/L	26.9±6.7a	71.9±4.1ab	87.0±3.2a	86.5±3.5a	80.8±4.7ab	72.2±1.5b
		20.0 mg/L	14.8±8.0ab	43.0±11.0bc	76.6±5.8a	86.9±3.9a	83.3±6.4ab	82.0±10.3b
CK	0.0

种类	数量百分率/%	优势度指数
异色瓢虫	91.0±0.8a	0.9
龟纹瓢虫	7.7±0.8b	0.1
七星瓢虫	0.6±0.2c	0.0
黑带食蚜蝇	0.3±0.2c	0..0
大草蛉	0.2±0.1c	0.0
东亚小花蝽	0.1±0.1c	0.0
三突花蛛	0.1±0.1c	0.0

种类	数量百分率/%	优势度指数
异色瓢虫	91.0±0.8a	0.9
龟纹瓢虫	7.7±0.8b	0.1
七星瓢虫	0.6±0.2c	0.0
黑带食蚜蝇	0.3±0.2c	0..0
大草蛉	0.2±0.1c	0.0
东亚小花蝽	0.1±0.1c	0.0
三突花蛛	0.1±0.1c	0.0

项目	范围	种类数	种类百分率/%
罕见种	D<0.001	0	0.0
偶见种	0.001≤D<0.01	5	71.4
常见种	0.01≤D<0.05	0	0.0
丰盛种	0.05≤D<0.1	1	14.3
优势种	D≥0.1	1	14.3