Effects on Yield Traits of Fresh Maize and Its Evaluation: Different Sowing Dates in Summer

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0004

Abstract

Abstract:

The yield, quality, and marketing time of fresh maize directly affect its economic benefits, and the sowing date determines the maturity of fresh maize, and has an impact on the formation of yield traits. Fresh maize ‘SD902’ was used in this experiment to analyze and evaluate the yield and ear traits of different sowing dates in summer (July 15^th, July 20^th, and July 25^th). The results showed that when the sowing date was delayed from July 15^th to July 20^th, the ear length and ear diameter increased by 5.92% and 4.32%, respectively. The dry weight of bracts, ear cores, grains, and number of grains per ear increased by 25.55%, 39.37%, 23.33%, and 10.71%, respectively. The length of bald tip and the number of rows per spike was decreased by 25.56% and 0.32% respectively. But when the sowing date was delayed to July 25^th, although some ear traits showed a downward trend, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, during the summer cultivation process of fresh maize, different sowing dates had significant impacts on the ear length, ear diameter, bracts, ear core, and grain dry weight of fresh maize ear traits. The appropriate sowing date could achieve high yield by increasing ear diameter and grain number.

Key words: fresh maize, sowing date, yield formation, ear traits, comprehensive evaluation

ZONG Donglin, ZHOU Yefu, ZHOU Jing, TANG Qianhong, HU Xiaokang, WANG Tao. Effects on Yield Traits of Fresh Maize and Its Evaluation: Different Sowing Dates in Summer[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(12): 8-12.

Figures/Tables 7

References 24

[1]	李一男. 国家玉米政策调整后鲜食玉米的发展机遇和方向[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2017, 9(60):60.
[2]	潘宁. 浅谈鲜食玉米种植技术及其推广措施[J]. 种子科技, 2022, 40(11):28-30.
[3]	张垚, 孔亮亮, 杨跃华, 等. 缓控释肥对糯玉米鲜苞产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 河北农业科学, 2021, 25(1):70-74.
[4]	胡娟, 吴景贵, 孙继梅, 等. 氮肥减量与缓控肥配施对土壤供氮特征及玉米产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(4):116-120,194.
[5]	魏常敏, 宋万友, 周文伟, 等. 鲜食糯玉米蒸煮品质综合评分和品质性状相关分析[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2020(9):79-81.
[6]	陆大雷, 孙世贤, 陆卫平. 国家鲜食甜玉米区域试验品种产量和品质性状分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(13):164-171. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110034
[7]	卜玉山, 苗果园, 周乃健, 等. 秸秆与地膜覆盖玉米农田土壤水分时空动态变化[J]. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(5):795-802.
[8]	王喜庆, 李生秀, 高亚军. 地膜覆盖对旱地春玉米生理生态和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 1998, 24(3):348-353.
[9]	李向岭, 李从锋, 侯玉虹, 等. 不同播期夏玉米产量性能动态指标及其生态效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(6):1074-1083. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.06.005
[10]	魏雯雯, 胡楠, 胡文河, 等. 播期对吉林省不同品种玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(6):95-100.
[11]	李妍妍, 景希强, 丰光, 等. 玉米不同播期对产量的影响[J]. 辽宁农业科学, 2012(2):76-77.
[12]	刘战东, 肖俊夫, 南纪琴, 等. 播期对夏玉米生育期、形态指标及产量的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2010, 19(6):91-94.
[13]	ZHANG X, CHENG J, WANG B, et al. Optimum sowing dates for high-yield maize when grown as sole crop in the North China Plain[J]. Agronomy, 2019, 9(4):198. doi: 10.3390/agronomy9040198 URL
[14]	杨欢, 施燕凌, 陆大雷, 等. 播期对夏播糯玉米淀粉理化特性的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2016, 30(9):1754-1762. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.09.1754
[15]	唐瑭, 陆大雷, 赵浚宇, 等. 播期对糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉热力学特性的影响[J]. 中国粮油学报, 2012, 27(8):9-15.
[16]	刘建军, 刘志霞, 胡彦平, 等. 播期对京科糯2000产量性状的影响[J]. 北京农学院学报, 2012, 27(4):1-3
[17]	王晓东, 傅迎军, 孙殷会, 等. 播期对糯玉米新组合牡糯311产量及穗部性状的影响[J]. 中国农业, 2015(11):49-51.
[18]	齐耀程, 竟丽丽, 胡军华, 等. 不同播期对皖南烟区春季鲜食玉米农艺性状的影响[J]. 农业工程综合, 2016, 36(26):21-23.
[19]	GAO Z, FENG H Y, LIANG X G, et al. Adjusting the sowing date of spring maize did not mitigate against heat stress in the North China Plain[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2021, 298:108274.
[20]	YAN P, TAO Z, CHEN Y, et al. Spring maize kernel Number and assimilate supply responses to high-temperature stress under field conditions[J]. Agronomy journal, 2017, 109(4):1433-1442. doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.11.0662 URL
[21]	朱岩, 李淑兰. 玉米穗部性状与产量的相关性研究[J]. 农业与技术, 2013, 33(8):57-58.
[22]	税红霞, 王秀全, 何丹, 等. 不同密度下玉米穗部性状与产量的相关性分析[J]. 中国种业, 2014(5):50-51.
[23]	毛建昌, 吴权明, 李向拓, 等. 减源对不同类型玉米产量和穗部性状的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2005, 14(4):30-34.
[24]	陈灿, 林秀秀, 陈勤平, 等. 广西不同产量水平普通玉米穗部性状与其产量的相关与通径分析[J]. 南方农业学报, 2015, 46(5):760-765.

性状	7月15日
穗长/cm	17.2±1.1b	18.3±0.8a	18.0±1.0a
穗粗/cm	4.9±0.9a	5.1±0.3a	5.0±0.3a
秃尖长/cm	2.7±0.7a	2.0±1.0b	3.0±0.9a
穗行数/行	15.9±1.7a	15.8±1.9a	16.1±1.4a
穗粒数/粒	456±59b	505±64a	479±58ab
苞叶干重/g	14.0±2.8b	17.6±3.2a	18.1±3.4a
穗芯干重/g	13.3±1.9c	18.6±2.0b	19.9±1.3a
籽粒干重/g	15.1±3.6b	18.7±3.2a	18.2±3.7a

性状	7月15日
穗长/cm	17.2±1.1b	18.3±0.8a	18.0±1.0a
穗粗/cm	4.9±0.9a	5.1±0.3a	5.0±0.3a
秃尖长/cm	2.7±0.7a	2.0±1.0b	3.0±0.9a
穗行数/行	15.9±1.7a	15.8±1.9a	16.1±1.4a
穗粒数/粒	456±59b	505±64a	479±58ab
苞叶干重/g	14.0±2.8b	17.6±3.2a	18.1±3.4a
穗芯干重/g	13.3±1.9c	18.6±2.0b	19.9±1.3a
籽粒干重/g	15.1±3.6b	18.7±3.2a	18.2±3.7a

性状	穗长	穗粗	秃尖长	穗行数	穗粒数	苞叶干重	穗芯干重
穗粗	0.234
秃尖长	-0.242	0.063
穗行数	0.121	0.343	-0.053
穗粒数	0.425	0.424	-0.442	0.782^**
苞叶干重	0.685^**	0.620^**	0.011	0.342	0.569^**
穗芯干重	0.835^**	0.245	-0.016	0.359	0.512^*	0.729^**
籽粒干重	0.669^**	0.563^**	-0.500^*	0.416	0.792^**	0.754^**	0.630^**

性状	穗长	穗粗	秃尖长	穗行数	穗粒数	苞叶干重	穗芯干重
穗粗	0.234
秃尖长	-0.242	0.063
穗行数	0.121	0.343	-0.053
穗粒数	0.425	0.424	-0.442	0.782^**
苞叶干重	0.685^**	0.620^**	0.011	0.342	0.569^**
穗芯干重	0.835^**	0.245	-0.016	0.359	0.512^*	0.729^**
籽粒干重	0.669^**	0.563^**	-0.500^*	0.416	0.792^**	0.754^**	0.630^**

性状	穗长	穗粗	秃尖长	穗行数	穗粒数	苞叶干重	穗芯干重
穗粗	0.496^*
秃尖长	-0.170	-0.424
穗行数	0.342	0.693^**	-0.055
穗粒数	0.490^*	0.854^**	-0.383	0.850^**
苞叶干重	0.471^*	0.689^**	-0.658^**	0.358	0.709^**
穗芯干重	0.548^*	0.762^**	-0.362	0.757^**	0.818^**	0.612^**
籽粒干重	0.664^**	0.835^**	-0.525^*	0.488^*	0.787^**	0.745^**	0.569^**