Current issue

• 2023 Vol.13 No.12 Published:20 December 2023

  Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Component Factors of Dry Cultivation of Hybrid Rice LI Yanlan, YANG Jincheng, LI Hongyang, SHEN Xianghong, ZHANG Zhong, LI Xiang, ZHU Zifen, LI Zaofu, LI Hongyun, LIU Jianjian, HU Xinzhou, SHI Lanfen, DENG Zheng 2023, 13 (12):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0026 Abstract + ( 147 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1330KB )   ( 61 ) To screen the best dry land cultivation method of hybrid rice, a three factors and three levels orthogonal experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date, density, and nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield of transplanting hybrid rice with plastic film mulching after dry seedling cultivation, as well as the correlation analysis between main traits and yield. The results showed that as the sowing date was postponed from March 30th to April 20th, the total growth period of hybrid rice was shortened from 155 days to 148 days; there was a positive correlation between ear length, grain number per ear, actual grain number, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight, and yield, the correlation degree was as followed: seed setting rate>full grain number>ear length>grain number per ear>1000-grain weight; the direct path positive effects of main traits on yield was as followed: ear length>seed setting rate>effective ears>1000-grain weight>ear rate, while the negative effect of direct path was as followed: plant height>grain number per ear. Dry cultivation of hybrid rice could increase yield by increasing seed setting rate and panicle length, while controlling plant height. The order of influence of experimental factors on yield was as followed: sowing date>nitrogen application rate>density. The optimal high-yield cultivation combination for hybrid rice transplanted with film mulching in dry cultivation was: sowing on March 30th, 900000 basic seedlings per hectare, and tillering fertilizer of pure N 90 kg.

  Effects on Yield Traits of Fresh Maize and Its Evaluation: Different Sowing Dates in Summer ZONG Donglin, ZHOU Yefu, ZHOU Jing, TANG Qianhong, HU Xiaokang, WANG Tao 2023, 13 (12):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0004 Abstract + ( 96 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 63 ) The yield, quality, and marketing time of fresh maize directly affect its economic benefits, and the sowing date determines the maturity of fresh maize, and has an impact on the formation of yield traits. Fresh maize ‘SD902’ was used in this experiment to analyze and evaluate the yield and ear traits of different sowing dates in summer (July 15th, July 20th, and July 25th). The results showed that when the sowing date was delayed from July 15th to July 20th, the ear length and ear diameter increased by 5.92% and 4.32%, respectively. The dry weight of bracts, ear cores, grains, and number of grains per ear increased by 25.55%, 39.37%, 23.33%, and 10.71%, respectively. The length of bald tip and the number of rows per spike was decreased by 25.56% and 0.32% respectively. But when the sowing date was delayed to July 25th, although some ear traits showed a downward trend, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, during the summer cultivation process of fresh maize, different sowing dates had significant impacts on the ear length, ear diameter, bracts, ear core, and grain dry weight of fresh maize ear traits. The appropriate sowing date could achieve high yield by increasing ear diameter and grain number.

  Study on Adaptability of Different Cotton Varieties Under Planting Pattern of Machine-harvested Cotton XU Daoqing, ZHENG Shufeng, LIU Xiaoling, WANG Wei, KAN Huachun, CHEN Min, LI Shuying 2023, 13 (12):  13-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0072 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1249KB )   ( 49 ) The aim of study is to clarify the morphological, physiological and yield changes of each cotton variety under the machine-harvested cotton pattern and provide a theoretical basis for variety selection in mechanized cotton production in the Yangtze River basin. In the field trial from 2018 to 2019, the low density (45000 plants/hm2) of ‘Zhongmiansuo 63F2’ (a hybrid cotton variety) was used as the control treatment, the growth process, agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and yield changes of ‘Zhongmian Suo 63F2’, ‘Zhongmian Suo 425’(conventional early-maturing cotton variety) and ‘Zhongmian Suo 50’ (conventional early-maturing cotton variety) were studied under high density (90000 plants/hm2) with the planting pattern of machine-harvested cotton. The results showed that the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, boll number and yield of each variety under the planting pattern of machine-harvested cotton were higher than those of the control treatment. The boll weight and seed cotton yield of ‘Zhongmiansuo 63F2’ were higher than those of the two early maturing cotton varieties, but it didn’t reach the significant level. The conventional early-maturing cotton varieties ‘Zhongminansuo 425’ and ‘Zhongmiansuo 50’ matured earlier and concentrated fruiting, which were suitable for the two-harvest-a-year continuous cropping system in the Yangtze River basin.

  Preliminary Screening of SSR Molecular Markers for Resistance to Clubroot in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis LAN Mei, ZHANG Liqin, XU Xuezhong, HU Jingfeng, YANG Hongli, YANG Ding, LI Chongjuan, HE Jiangming 2023, 13 (12):  20-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0153 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2307KB )   ( 40 ) In order to identify the clubroot resistance gene in Chinese cabbage cultivar CCR12049 and develop molecular markers, the following materials were employed: CCR12049, a high-generation inbred line with high resistance to clubroot disease, CM12081, a high-generation inbred line with high susceptibility to clubroot disease, F1 generation resulting from the cross between CCR12049 and CM12081, and the F2 generation segregating populations created through selfing of the F1 generation. Through artificial inoculation identification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and sequence alignment, it was demonstrated that the disease resistance in tested materials was governed by a dominant single gene. 36 primer pairs were initially tested on both the parental lines and F1 generation, 4 primer pairs exhibiting polymorphism were identified. Subsequent validation in the F2 generation revealed that only one pair (cr-26) yielded amplification results consistent with the observed phenotype in the F2 generation. Through sequencing comparison of the PCR products obtained from the two parental lines and F1, it was observed that the sequences of the resistant parents and F1 were identical within the range of 95 bp to 111 bp. Conversely, in the susceptible materials, a deletion of 17 bases (TCTCTATCTCTTACGCA) was identified. These findings suggest that the resistance observed in the impermeable materials may be attributed to the insertion of these 17 bases. This marker has the capability to distinguish the resistant materials and can serve as an SSR marker for the initial screening of clubroot resistance in Chinese cabbage.

  Nitrogen Effect on Grain Bulging and Its Correlation with Grain Weight of Summer Soybean CHEN Yuli, YANG Ping, XU Ran, BI Haibin, GONG Fajiang, WANG Dongfeng, ZHUO Ma, GAO Minghui 2023, 13 (12):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0033 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 34 ) To quantitatively analyze the nitrogen effect on grain bulging and its correlation with grain weight of summer soybean, the field fixed-point experiment of different nitrogen application was conducted in 2020 and 2021 summer soybean growing seasons. The variation patterns of 100 grain weight and bulging rate of summer soybeans with bulging days under different nitrogen application levels, as well as the internal relationship between various bulging parameters and grain weight were analyzed systematically, and the nitrogen application effect of summer soybeans and its correlation with grain weight were clarified. The result showed that the 100-grain weight in different treatments showed a “Logistic” curve with the increase of grain bulging days; the grain bulging rate showed a “single peak” curve with the increase of grain bulging days. Excessive or deficient application of nitrogen could shorten the duration of bulging, and the average bulging rate was increased in a certain extent. There was a significant positive correlation between grain weight and the duration of bulging period of summer soybean, and a very significant positive correlation between the duration of fast-growing period and slow-growing period. However, the rate and duration of grain bulging were mainly determined by the rate and duration of grain bulging in the fast and slow growth stages. Nitrogen application could increase the grain weight of summer soybean, but excessive nitrogen application could inhibit the formation of grain weigh. Extending the duration of bulging, especially in the middle and late stages of bulging, was beneficial to the formation of grain weight.

  Comparison of the Toxicity of Four Anthranilic Diamide Insecticides to Different Phase of Spodoptera frugiperda ZHOU Chao, ZHANG Yong, LIANG Chao, MA Chong, YANG Lina, REN Hong 2023, 13 (12):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0021 Abstract + ( 73 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 49 ) In order to compare the sensitivity of four anthranilic diamide insecticides against different phase of Spodoptera frugiperda, egg-dip, leaf-dip and poison nutrient solution-feeding methods were used to test the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, tetrachlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole on eggs, 3rd-larvae and adults. The results indicated that there were no ovicidal activities in the four anthranilic diamide insecticides, but could significantly reduce the survival rates of neonate larvae. The sensitivity of tetrachlorantraniliprole to 3rd instar larvae was the highest, the LC50 was 0.12 mg/L, followed by chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, which were 33.83, 5.21, 2.24 times of the toxicity of cyantraniliprole, respectively. The most sensitive to adults was chlorantraniliprole, which was 6.20 mg/L, followed by tetrachlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, and the least sensitive was flubendiamide, which was 25.96 mg/L. The sensitivity of S. frugiperda in different phase to four anthranilic diamide insecticides had been tested by using three methods, which would provide basic data for the chemical control and resistance management of S. frugiperda.

  Lead Enrichment Characteristics in Soil of Different Rice Varieties and the Safety Risk Evaluation LIN Xianghua 2023, 13 (12):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0005 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 113 ) This study aims to explore the lead enrichment characteristics of rice varieties planted in Zhangzhou and the rice quality safety. 15 local main rice varieties were used as the experimental materials, and pot experiments and field experiments of adding lead were adopted. The lead enrichment characteristics of rice were investigated, and the risk of rice quality safety was evaluated. The results showed that the lead content of the 15 rice varieties was in the range of 0.016-0.061 mg/kg, 0.061-0.198 mg/kg and 0.157-0.606 mg/kg, respectively, when the total lead content of pot experiment was 22.4 mg/kg, 103.5 mg/kg and 204.8 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). When the total lead content of the field experiment was 23.4 mg/kg, 26.4 mg/kg and 23.5 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5), the variation scope of lead content of the 15 rice varieties was 0.016-0.056 mg/kg, 0.024-0.069 mg/kg and 0.014-0.056 mg/kg, respectively. The lead content of the same rice variety was positively and linearly correlated with the total lead content in soil (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the enrichment ability of lead among different rice varieties (P<0.05), and the enrichment coefficient of pot experiment and field experiment was 0.059%-0.296% and 0.060%-0.261%, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that there were 4 rice varieties with high enrichment ability, 6 varieties with medium enrichment ability and 5 varieties with low enrichment ability. According to the limit standard of lead in rice in GB 2762-2017(0.2 mg/kg), for rice varieties with low, medium and high enrichment ability, the critical risk value of cadmium was 204.1-274.7 mg/kg, 113.5 -180.0 mg/kg and 82.7-107.1 mg/kg, respectively, in paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). Overall, the lead enrichment characteristics of the 15 main rice varieties in Zhangzhou are significantly different. Planting in paddy fields where the total lead content is above the critical risk value, the lead content will have a quality safety risk of being higher than 0.2 mg/kg.

  Study on Leaf Physiological Characteristics of Six Kinds of Garden Trees in Yan’an University ZHAO Manxing, CHEN Jiao, CHEN Xiaojie, YU Yuayan, CHEN Haixue, ZHANG Xia, MA Zhuo, MA Wenquan 2023, 13 (12):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0019 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 38 ) The responses of physiological characteristics of garden trees to different seasons were studied in Yan’an City. Taking the six garden tree species in the campus of Yan’an University as the research object, including Pinus tabuliformis, Platycladus orientalis, Salix matsudana, Styphnolobium japonicum, Ginkgo biloba, Koelreuteria paniculata, tree leaves were collected in spring, summer and autumn to compare the physiological characteristics between deciduous arbors and evergreen. The results showed that the relative water content and POD content of Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis were higher than other four deciduous arbors, but the conductivity, MDA, SOD and CAT content were lower than other deciduous arbors on average. Evergreen had higher water-retaining property than deciduous arbors, and deciduous arbors were much vulnerable to drought impact, but they had high capability in respond to drought. The physiological characteristics of garden trees were different in different seasons. The relative water content and POD content were in the order of summer>spring>autumn, in contrast with CAT content. The conductivity and MDA content were in the order of autumn>summer>spring. The activities of SOD was in the order of summer>autumn>spring. The results indicated that the climate environment had higher influence on garden trees in autumn. It should pay attention to management and protection in autumn. The subordinate function showed that the adaptive characters were difference among different tree species, and were not consistent between different seasons. The mean membership function value of deciduous arbors was higher than that of evergreen. In all, the membership function analysis revealed that the environment adaptiveness of six garden trees was in the order of Koelreuteria paniculata> Styphnolobium japonicum> Ginkgo biloba> Platycladus orientalis> Pinus tabuliformis.

  Quality Analysis and Optimization of Key Processing Technology to Reduce Bitterness of Flat Green Tea HUANG Fan, ZHANG Xiang, WANG Yingchun, LUO Fan, XU Yaqiong, WANG Gaoxi 2023, 13 (12):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0029 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 35 ) In order to optimize the process of pan-fire and second-drying of single-bud flat green tea and reduce its bitterness of taste, a single factor test was carried out with the taste score of sensory quality, bitter taste of tea soup and dry tea color as evaluation indexes. On this basis, orthogonal experiments were carried out with the taste score of sensory evaluation, phenol-ammonia ratio, soluble sugar content, catechin total and catechin astringency index as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the optimum pan-fire conditions were the water content of 74%, pan-fire temperature of 320℃, pan-fire time of 8 min; and the optimum second-drying conditions were the water content of 15%, second-drying temperature of 80℃, second-drying time of 40 min. Compared with single-bud flat green tea processed by traditional technology, the taste score of sensory evaluation of single-bud flat green tea processed by optimized technology increased by 4 points, the phenol-ammonia ratio decreased by 0.222, the soluble sugar content increased by 1.376%, the total catechin increased by 5.7%, and the bitterness index decreased by 1.12. The result provides theoretical support for the formulation of standard technology of flat green tea.

  Analysis of Persistent High Temperature and Drought in Summer of 2022 and Its Impacts on Crops in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province QIAO Danyang, GAO Meng, LU Ye, WANG Jinting, WANG Jin, LIU Fan 2023, 13 (12):  60-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0020 Abstract + ( 118 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2177KB )   ( 138 ) Persistent high temperature and drought occurred in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province in summer of 2022, causing serious impacts on the growth and development of crops such as maize, apple and kiwifruit. To study the mechanisms of the occurrence of heat and drought, observations from 46 automatic meteorological stations in Guanzhong area, and ERA-5 hourly and monthly mean reanalysis data were used to study the characteristics and causes of atmospheric circulation during the main high temperature periods. The results showed that (1) the main high temperature periods were mid-late June and early-mid August, with moderate to severe drought in most parts of Guanzhong. (2) Both high-temperature periods were characterised by strong sinking currents, but the causes were different. In June, strong sinking movements were maintained by anomalous pre-ridge negative vorticity advective, while in August, the superposition of the subtropical high and South Asian high caused the positive climate state anomalies and strong sinking movements over Shaanxi. (3) The strong northwesterly airflow in June and the abnormally westerly and strong subtropical high in August weakened the southerly airflow and blocked the source of water vapour, both showing positive anomalies of water vapour flux dispersion, which were not conducive to the occurrence of precipitation. (4) High temperatures and drought had an impact on the yield and quality of food and cash crops. It was recommended that effective measures should be taken before high temperatures to lower field temperatures, replenish plant water, enhance plant transpiration and reduce the degree of crop heat stress.

  Effects of Transplanting Periods on Growth, Development and Yield of Codonopsis pilosula in Central Gansu LEI Jun, QI Yue, ZHAO Funian, JIAO Run’an, YAO Yubi, LUO Juan, GUO Lin 2023, 13 (12):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0025 Abstract + ( 75 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1279KB )   ( 52 ) The paper aims to explore the effects of transplanting period on the growth, development and yield of Codonopsis pilosula in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, so as to provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of C. pilosula. In 2020, the stages transplanting experiment of C. pilosula was carried out in Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The three transplanting periods were designed, with the traditional transplanting period as the control (CK, transplanting on April 1), and delay the traditional transplanting period by 5 days (T1, transplanting on April 6) and 10 days (T2, transplanting on April 11). The characteristics of growth and development, biomass accumulation and yield of C. pilosula at different transplanting periods were analyzed. The results showed that the difference of emergence time of branching stage in different treatments was the largest, and T2 treatment was delayed by 5 days and 2 days compared with CK and T1 respectively. The transplanting period was delayed, the growth period was shortened, and the rapid growth period of root was advanced. The initial growth potential (C0) was increased, and T2 treatment was 24.72% and 6.65% higher than CK and T1. The duration of gradual growth period was significantly shortened with the delay of transplanting period, and the duration of rapid growth period had little difference between different treatments. The average root growth rate (Va) of T1 treatment was 3.73% and 2.45% higher than CK and T2. The accumulation of dry matter and its growth rate in rapid growth period were the highest. The maximum growth rate (MGR) of aboveground biomass showed that T2> T1> CK, T2 increased by 17.29% and 10.46%, compared with CK and T1. C0 and Va were the largest, C0 in T2 treatment increased by 7.74% and 10.32% compared with CK and T1 respectively, and Va increased by 19.67% and 12.30%. The transplanting period was delayed, the growth duration of different growth period of aboveground biomass was shortened, and the dry matter accumulation amount and its accumulation rate were increased accordingly, and the yield of C. pilosula was increased, the yields of C. pilosula in CK, T1 and T2 were 257.67, 306.68 and 524.90 g/m2 respectively. The yield of T2 was 104% and 72% higher than CK and T1 respectively. The results can provide reference for high-quality cultivation of C. pilosula and improving the utilization rate of climate resources in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau.

  Evaluation and Analysis of Breeding Innovation Efficiency of Foxtail Millet Scientific Research Institutions in China LI Shunguo, ZHAO Wenqing, ZHAO Yu, LIU Meng, LIU Jianjun 2023, 13 (12):  75-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0077 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1339KB )   ( 52 ) The seed industry is the "chip" of agriculture. In recent years, the "seed industry revitalization action" has been written into the "No. 1 central document". The foxtail millet seed industry is different from other major crop seed industries, mainly relying on the breeding innovation of scientific research institutions. Therefore, the breeding innovation efficiency of foxtail millet scientific research institutions is of great significance to the development of the seed industry. In this paper, DEA model was selected, and the research data of scientific research units mainly engaged in foxtail millet breeding innovation in China were used, and the efficiency of breeding innovation of foxtail millet scientific research institutions in China was discussed and measured from the perspective of input-output. The results showed that the average innovation efficiency of foxtail millet breeding in China's scientific research institutions was 0.493, and the overall efficiency was at a low level. The output of breeding innovation is insufficient, the output still had great growth potential, and a few units had waste of input; Among the 23 scientific research institutions, 12 were in the stage of diminishing returns to scale, and the research level of breeding innovation in scientific research institutions was low and the subjective initiative is insufficient. Finally, the improvement measures and suggestions were put forward. It was proposed to adjust and optimize the scientific research personnel and funds within the unit, and to carry out academic exchanges with other crop breeding units with high efficiency.

  Analysis of the Path of Agricultural Managers Team Construction Under the Background of Building up China's Strength in Agriculture MO Guanggang, NIU Jing, ZHAO Lie, WU Ying 2023, 13 (12):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0223 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1062KB )   ( 114 ) Agricultural managers are a new force born with the growing of the scale, specialization, intensification and informatization of agricultural production and operation. Strengthening the construction of agricultural managers and giving full play to their due role and great potential have profound and practical significance for accelerating the construction of an agricultural power. This paper reviews the background of the emergence of agricultural managers, expounds the significance of strengthening the construction of agricultural managers to accelerating the building of a strong agriculture country, summarizes and analyzes the current typical practices in promoting the construction of agricultural managers in various places. Aiming at the main problems, we must take multiple measures and comprehensive actions to promote the sustainable and high-quality development of the agricultural managers from all aspects, such as, putting forward from the perspectives of increasing training intensity, improving training content, carrying out level evaluation, building communication platform, constructing incentive mechanism, promoting reasonable flow and creating a good environment.

  Practical Exploration of Rural Industrial Integration Development in Hetian of Xinjiang Under the Background of Rural Revitalization ——Research Based on Level, Driving Force and Mode WANG Debin, WU Wenjie, LIU Shanshan, CHEN Qiao 2023, 13 (12):  91-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0082 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1657KB )   ( 112 ) The study explores the practice of integrated development of rural industries, summarizes typical experiences, and promotes new development modes, aiming at further expanding the development space of rural industries, optimizing the structure of rural industries, establishing new forms of rural industry development, and realizing the sustainable prosperity of rural industries. Based on the statistical yearbook data of Hetian region from 2016 to 2020, this paper uses entropy method, entropy weight TOPSIS comprehensive analysis method and grey correlation analysis to calculate the development level and driving factors of rural industrial integration in Hetian region of Xinjiang. The results are as follows. (1) During the study period, the comprehensive score of entropy weight TOPSIS shows an upward trend, indicating that the development of rural industrial integration in Hetian is in an initial development stage, the industrial integration behavior and the effect of industrial integration have achieved initial results. (2) The market demand has the most prominent influence on the integrated development of rural industries; technological innovation and enterprise cooperation have a promoting effect on the integrated development of rural industries; the related industries are closely related to the integrated development of rural industries. (3) The development level of rural industrial integration among counties and cities in Hetian region has a spatial correlation, which is positively correlated with the distance from Hetian City, but it is not the only determinant factor. To sum up, this paper puts forward the industrial integration modes of "primary industry as the foundation, secondary industry connecting two ends", "primary industry connecting tertiary industry, giving full play to multiple functions" and "secondary industry connecting in the middle, and primary and tertiary industry developing together", which provides a reference for Hetian region to achieve effective connection between poverty alleviation consolidation and rural revitalization sustainable development.