Abstract:

Utilizing observation data from the apple phenological period in the Zhaoyuan area in 2022, this study investigated the impact of meteorological conditions—specifically light, temperature, and moisture—during critical phenological stages (flowering, fruiting, fruit expansion, and ripening) on apple growth. Additionally, thesoil relative moisture and agro-meteorological characteristics during crucial growth and reproductive phaseswere evaluated. The findings revealed that meteorological conditions throughout the apple's fertility period generally satisfied apple growth requirements, with soil moisture levels being appropriate and temperatures slightly elevated during the flowering phase. The fruit expansion phase experienced higher precipitation, enhancing the orchard's moisture content. Favorable meteorological conditions during the fruit harvesting phase contributed to improved apple ripening, enhancing sweetness, color, and overall quality, making apples ideally suited for harvest. This study aims to identify optimal meteorological conditions throughout the apple fertility period to mitigate potential damage, facilitate the rational utilization of agro-climatic resources, support farmers in scientifically managing apple cultivation, and advance apple production quality and economic returns. This provides reliable meteorological, scientific, and technological backing for future endeavors in tailored meteorological services, offering a scientific basis for reference.

Key words: applegrowth, meteorological conditions, phenological stages, soil moisture, growth period evaluation, Zhaoyuan region