Abstract: Shanxi is a typical arid province in north wheat area, it has the bigger area for dryland wheat, and the production of dryland wheat plays a important role for wheat production in Shanxi Province. In order to breed wheat varity with drought resistance, productivity, high-yield stability and adaptability, the recent progresses of wheat production and development in Shanxi and Shanxi dryland wheat breeding including team building, breeding methods and breeding achievements were reviewed. In addition, the problems about the dryland wheat breeding in the current production conditions were analyzed and breeding strategies and suggestions including breeding target, germplasm innovation and breeding methods were discussed.