Current issue

• 2015 Vol.5 No.9 Published:28 September 2015

  Relationship between Ear Characters and Yield of New Super Rice Songjing 15 2015, 5 (9):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15020006 Abstract + ( 1649 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 962 ) In order to clear the relationship between new super rice ‘Songjing 15’ and the yield and to discuss its high yield mechanism, relationship between grain density, spike length, primary branch characteristics and secondary branch characteristics and yield, yield component was analyzed by correlation analysis with field plot of conventional planting adopted. The results showed that there were extremely significant positive correlations among spikelets per panicle(r=0.9887**), grain density(r=0.9768**), the number of primary branches(r=0.8047**), grain number of primary branches(r=0.9338**), the number of secondary branches(r=0.7295**), grain number of secondary branches(r=0.8606**) and the yield of ‘Songjing 15’, partial regression coefficients of maturing rate(t=2.090, P= 0.041)and spike length(t=-1.223, P= 0.048) reached significant level, these panicle traits had great influence on the yield, increasing the number of primary branches, grain number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, grain number of secondary branches was benefit to spikelet per panicle, at the same time, attention should also be paid to the ear length selection to cultivate large spike and control of seed setting rate to mine its yield potential.

  Study about Effects of Planting Density on Traits and Yieldof Millet Plant of Early spring millet Area 2015, 5 (9):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030026 Abstract + ( 1751 )   PDF ( 1249KB )   ( 1145 ) [Objective] In order to determine the reasonable planting density of millet, and provide a theoretical basis for agricultural production, [Method] the research methods was by plot test, variance analysis and nonlinear regression. [Result]It showed that planting density had obvious effect on millet traits and yield , with the increase of planting density, millet plant height was reduced, spike length was shortened , stem diameter became smaller, total weight, ear weight, grain weight per ear were reduced, production was firstly increased and then decreased. The suitable planting density was of 22000 plants per mu to 28000 plants per mu. Through SPSS regression curve analysis, we thought that quadratic curve model y=b0 b1x b2x2 were the optimal model to describe the relationship between millet planting density and yield. The predicted equation of Datong No. 29 in premature district of spring millet was y=102.751 286.622x -54.48x2. Using the equation, we concluded that the theoretical optimum density was 26305 plants per mu .This theoretical value was in agreement with the measured values. [Conclusion] The millet prediction model which was made by the experimental results is suitable for early maturing area conventional planting density and yield prediction.. But it need further study that the prediction model"s suitability for all the varieties of Foxtail Millet of different ecological conditions in the country.

  Effects of Planting Density on Effective Ears, Yield and Yield Component Factors of Sorghum 2015, 5 (9):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010021 Abstract + ( 1441 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 1156 ) In order to explore the effects of planting density on the effective ears, yield and yield component factors of sorghum and to determine rational planting density of brewing sorghum, a field trial with a brewing sorghum variety ‘Jinza No.23’ was conducted to investigate the effects of different planting densities (60000,82500,105000,127500,150000 plants/hm2) on growth, yield and its component factors and effective ears of sorghum in the experimental plot of The Industrial Crop Institute of Shanxi Academy Agricultural Sciences, China. The results showed that with the increasing planting density, the plant height, stem diameter, ear length, maximum leaf area, ear grain weight, 1000-grain weight of sorghum tended to decrease, but were no significant difference. When the planting density was at the ranges of 60000-105000 plants/hm2, with increasing plant density gain yield increased significantly; when the planting density was more than 105000 plants/hm2, the grain yield tended to be smooth. The regression analysis showed that the planting density was significantly positively correlated with the effective ear, and the regression equation was y = 26866.222 0.555x. Synthesizes the above analysis, the planting density of 105000 plants/hm2 was appropriate for brewing sorghum ‘Jinza No.23’.The study could provide a theoretical basis for brewing sorghum to achieve high yield in the region.

  Discussion on the Progress and Strategiesof Dryland Wheat Breeding in Shanxi Province 2015, 5 (9):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030006 Abstract + ( 2097 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 1224 ) Shanxi is a typical arid province in north wheat area, it has the bigger area for dryland wheat, and the production of dryland wheat plays a important role for wheat production in Shanxi Province. In order to breed wheat varity with drought resistance, productivity, high-yield stability and adaptability, the recent progresses of wheat production and development in Shanxi and Shanxi dryland wheat breeding including team building, breeding methods and breeding achievements were reviewed. In addition, the problems about the dryland wheat breeding in the current production conditions were analyzed and breeding strategies and suggestions including breeding target, germplasm innovation and breeding methods were discussed.

  Effect of Chromosomes of Leymus racemosus on Agronomic Trait, Disease Resistance and Heat Tolerance in Wheat 2015, 5 (9):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010010 Abstract + ( 2013 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 994 ) 【Objective】To explicit effect of chromosomes of Leymus racemosus on agronomic traits, disease resistance and heat tolerance in wheat would provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of excellent Genes.【Method】The resistances of barley yellow dwarf disease(BYDV), powdery mildew, stripe rust were identified by artificial inoculation or natural infection. InstallmentsSsowingSsimulationSenvironmentSof high temperature stress bySinterval sowingSunder the field,Sheat tolerance was evaluatedSbySwheat grain weightSchanges. Agronomic trait and regrowthSability of Chinese Spring- L. racemosus addition lines and substitution line and their wheat background Chinese Spring were investigated after harvest.【Result】The results showed that highly susceptible to powdery mildew to the E09 physiologicalSrace atSSeedling Stage, wereSbetter than lower that of Chinese Spring at adult stage in the greenhouses, and the alien chromosome lines with high yellow rust resistance than those from Chinese Spring. Positive effect of Chromosome H on spike length number of spikelet, early heading stage, increasing resistance to BYDV was found, Chromosome A, H on heat tolerance, Chromosomes J on grain size. Chromosome A, L containedSSSawn gene, Chromosome F with regrowth and supernumerary spikelet genes.【Conclusion】SWheat powdery mildew resistance genes were not found in L. racemosus chromosomes of the 10 Chinese Spring- L. racemosus alien chromosome lines. Addition line of DALr#A, DALr#F, DALr#H and DALr#J would be used in wheat breeding for improving agronomic trait, BYDV resistance,stripe rustSresistance and heat tolerance.

  A Determination Method of Grain Number of a Spike of Wheat 2015, 5 (9):  27-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15020016 Abstract + ( 2098 )   PDF ( 1515KB )   ( 1093 ) [Objective][Method]The study aimed at accurately determining grain number of a spike of wheat in order to provide better technical support to accurately establish technique scheme and summarize experience for high yield, and it was explored by field test. [Result] The results showed that, new method could improve 4 times sample rate, and enhance data accuracy compared to traditional method. Its concrete steps included: in measured wheat field, We selected representative multiple sampling points, and took continuous spike(≥100 number)in every sample point(1m2), and recorded related contents placing in mesh nylon bag；Dried sample and weighed grain, and randomly selected ≥3 portions as repeat number of grain number of a spike; Calculated total grain numbers of sample by sample weight and weight of number every repeat, and sample total grain numbers divided by sample spike numbers obtained grain number of a spike of every repeat; The mean of grain number of a spike of all repeats was grain number of a spike of every sample; The mean of grain number of a spike of all samples was grain number of a spike of sampled wheat. [Conclusion]The new determination method effectively improved sample rate, and more accurately reflected grain number of a spike of wheat in different field. It could effectively reduce error due to heredity, cultivation and environment factors compared to traditional method.

  Effects of Plant Density and Applying Compound Fertilization Quantity on Yield and Quality of Forage Maize ‘Ruide 2’ 2015, 5 (9):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0723 Abstract + ( 1429 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 1051 ) In order to study influence of the planting density and different fertilizer levels on the maize yield. This thesis adopted randomized complete-block design,and analysis fresh matter, dry matter, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of forage maize ‘Ruide 2’, by arranging four kinds of planting density: 60000 plants/hm2, 75000 plants/hm2, 90000 plants/hm2 and 105000 plants/hm2, and three quantities of compound fertilizer 600 kg/hm2, 750 kg/hm2, and 900 kg/hm2. The results indicated that, the single plant fresh weight and dry weight decreased with the planting density increasing, and the output of fresh matter and dry matter showed the trend of falling after rising; the percentage and output of crude protein were similar to the fresh weight and dry weight, and NDF and ADF content showed the tendency of gradual increase. The interactional function of planting density and compound fertilization was remarkable. When the planting density was 90000 plants/hm2 and compound fertilizer used 900 kg/hm2, the output of dry matter and fresh matter reached the maximum, the crude protein content also became higher. The ADF and NDF content were relatively lower, so that the output and quality were effectively improved.

  The Impact of Frost Disaster in Maize Seedling Stage on Growth and Yield 2015, 5 (9):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb14110112 Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 1040 ) The effect of abnormal temperature and changes on agricultural production is significant under the global warming background. Based on the field investigation and the data of weather stations, it was analised the frost disaster of maize that occurred in Weichang, Chengde on may 19-20, 2013. The results showed that maize growing point has not been frozen to death when the temperature drops suddenly in maize seedling stage while the lowest temperature reached -3.3℃, and the duration of the lower than 0℃ for 4 hours. The maize can regrow slowly after the frost damage, but its development stages was delayed, and the individual characters of maize yield was affected severely also. Under the global warming conditions, it should be strengthened to prevent adverse effects of low temperature on agricultural production.

  Correlation Study on Maize Leaf Age and Topdressing 2015, 5 (9):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15060007 Abstract + ( 1602 )   PDF ( 1255KB )   ( 1054 ) In order to understand the factors of different age period of fertilizer on maize growth and development, yield etc., master the local best dressing period of maize, So as to provide technical guidance for local corn planting. This experiment mainly in maize leaf development, leaf expansion, 7 leaf expansion, nine exhibition leaf of different leaf age period dressing through the investigation and analysis of comprehensive traits in maize growth period, morphological index and yield factors. The results showed that, the best time for Topdressing of 9 maize leaf; with CK 85.8kg/ mu, and the late growth stage of maize growing well. In 9 maize leaf fertilizer yield up to 773.8 kg/mu higher than the control 85.8 kg/mu, the ear height of maize was between 80-9 0cm. Lodging resistance was strong, the comprehensive character is better. It is the best time to 9 corn leaf fertilizer. Maize leaf expansion fertilizer treatment in the early stage of corn growth is rapidder, 2, 3, 4 day long, leading to ear height increases, higher plant height, prone to lodging, and the phenomenon of premature. 5 maize leaf, 6 leaf, 7 leaf fertilizer, plant characters of good performance, but the yield was not significantly increased compared with the control.

  Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis of Nine Resistant Cotton Lines 2015, 5 (9):  46-49.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0930 Abstract + ( 1489 )   PDF ( 1116KB )   ( 1113 ) Abstract: For analysis on the heterosis and combining ability among Bt transgenic cotton high epression lines. The crosses were made by NCII design, using four elite commercial cotton culrivars as female parent and nine transgenic Bt cotton protein high epression lines as male parent, to analyze the competitive heterosis and combining ability effect for 36 combinations.The results showed that the heterosis for yield and yield traits were obvious in most combinations. of which lint and seed cotton yield were with more competitive advantage, both of them were 16.1% and 6.8%, respectively lint and seed cotton yield competitive advantage rate reached 83.3% and 80.6% respectively. There were positive heterosis in lint percentage,boll weight and boll number in most F1 hybrids; leading to average hetersises in three traits for 3.7%,2.0% and 0.8%, respectively. The results of variation analysis of combining ability showed that there are significant difference for general combining ability among nine transgentic Bt cotton protein high epression lines. three F1 hybrids taking on elite special combining ability were selected,

  The OptimizationSof Machine Picked CottonSCultivation TechniquesSin the Area along the Yangtze RiverSin Anhui Province 2015, 5 (9):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010016 Abstract + ( 1667 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 1057 ) Based on field experiments of multi-factor orthogonal designed, machine picked cottonScultivation techniquesSwere studied in the area along the Yangtze RiverSin Anhui Province, in order toSestablish the mode ofSmachine picked cottonScultivation techniquesSin the area. The results show that varieties, sowing date and planting density influence the lint yield of machine picked cotton along the Yangtze River significantly, and DPC,SN andSsquare removalSmeasures influence the lint yieldSto varying degrees. Machine picked cottonScultivation techniquesSwere optimized in the area along the Yangtze RiverSin Anhui Province, which includes that selecting of early maturing varieties, such as Zhongmiansuo 50 and Jishou 50, direct seeding in late May, with planting density ranging from 105 000 to 112 500 plants per ha, the content of N about 180 kg/ha, the content of DPC ranging from 180 to 270 g/ha. The specificSmethods of fertilization andSchemical controlSshould consider many factors,Ssuch as soil, growth, weather, etc. If possible, the early or late buds can be removed, in order to shorten the boll opening stage of machine picked cotton, which can be more easily mechanized harvesting of cotton once.

  Comprehensive Assessment by Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Adzuki Bean Varieties 2015, 5 (9):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15020017 Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 1173 ) The correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 11major traits of 30 adzuik beans were analyzed. The results showed that the highest coefficient of variation was observed in numbers of branches per stem(26.38%), and the lowest was pod length(5.66%). The results of correlation analysis showed that growing period, days after flowering, plant height, numbers of branches and pod number per plant was significantly positive relationship with yield per plant. The results of principal component analysis showed that 11 traits might be represented available be five principal components(cumulative contribution rate of 92.3955%). According to the clustering results, six parameters including seed number per pod, pod number per plant, numbers of branches, days before flowering, plant height and 100-seed weight from five categories of principal components could instead of the original 11 traits so as to simplify the evaluation indicator system. Comprehensive assessment of 11 characters indicated two Tangshan local varieties were best , varieties which come from Dongbei were worst.

  Investigation of Pests and Control Technologies of the Major Pests of Juglans regia in Shaanxi 2015, 5 (9):  64-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb14110052 Abstract + ( 1407 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 1760 ) Juglans regia is one of the plants with high economic value. Through the field investigation and reference to the relevant literature, 71 pests of Juglans regia were preliminarily recorded in Shaanxi province in this paper. Also the biological characteristics and control techniques of the major pests were described,such as Atrijuglans hetauhei Yang, Agrilus lewisiellus Kere, Dyscerus juglans Chao, Dictyoploca japonica Moore and Batocera horsfieldi (Hope).

  Toxicity Test and Field Control Effects of 11 New Fungicides against Cylindrocarpon destructans 2015, 5 (9):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb14100086 Abstract + ( 1491 )   PDF ( 1506KB )   ( 1026 ) [Aims] Ginseng as a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, rust rot is one of the major root disease of ginseng, based on lack of effective fungicides to control ginseng rust rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans in ginseng production, the aim of this research is to provide a theoretical basis for controlling ginseng rust rot. [Methods] Toxicities of 11 fungicides against C. destructans were tested by mycelium growth rate method in laboratory, and field trials against C. destructans were also conducted. [Results] The results indicated in laboratory that 10%score WG, 18.7?brio team WG and 60?itai WG showed higher effective to the C. destructans, Their EC50 values were 1.19mg/L, 20.56 mg/L and 27.77 mg/L. The results of field trials indicated that 10%score WG, 18.7?brioteam WG and 60?itai WG exhibited high control effect. [Conclusions] Currently 10%score WG, 18.7?brio team WG and 60?itai WG are effective fungicides on ginseng rust rot.

  Effects of Fertilization on Yield, Sugar Content and Nutrient Utilization of Sugar Beet 2015, 5 (9):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0550 Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 1078 ) In order to improve the technology level of sugar beet fertilization, nutrient deficiency test of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron and zinc were designed in four areas of Xinjiang and Gansu Province to study the effect of fertilization on yield, sugar content, sugar yield and nutrient utilization rate. Results showed that the production of different treatments was between 58.95%-89.51%, full fertilizer treatment increased the yield and sugar yield. Sugar content was negatively correlated with yield, the influence of fertilization on yield was greater than sugar yield. Nutrient limiting factors restricting sugar beet yield were different among different areas, in Changji and Qitai, nutrient limiting factors were mainly phosphorus and potassium, followed by nitrogen; for experiment in Yili, the sequence was N>K>Zn>P>B; for experiment in Zhangye, the sequence was B>N>P>K>Zn. The average utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 38.3%, 15.38% and 34.13%, the result could provide reference for local balanced fertilization.

  Effect of Fertilizer-water Treatments on Vitamin C and Flavones and Dry Output Rate of Mu Jujube 2015, 5 (9):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas14120014 Abstract + ( 1650 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 1045 ) [Objective]This study intended to investigate the effect of fertilizer-water treatments on quality of Mu Jujube. [Method]In this paper, Mu Jujube samples were collected from Yanchun country. Vitamin C and Flavones and Dry Output Rate of Mu Jujube under different fertilizer-water treatments were analyzed. [Result]The results showed that the quality of Mu Jujube significant were raised by fertilizer-water treatments. The effect of nitrogen was higher than the effect of water. Vitamin C contents of Mu Jujube under treatments of nitrogen 0.5kg per tree and water level 60 kg per tree which was the highest was 492.3 mg/100g. Flavones contents of Mu Jujube under treatments of nitrogen 0.5kg per tree and water level 20 kg per tree which was the highest was 74.7 mg/100g. Dry output rate under treatments of nitrogen 1.0kg per tree and water level 60 kg per tree which was the highest was 74.1%. [Conclusion]With the Vitamin C and flavones contents were concerned, the nitrogen application rate at 0.5 ~1.0 kg per tree and water level at 60 kg per tree was recommended. The application of nitrogen fertilizer and water level would increase vitamin C and flavones contents.

  Analysis on Flowering Characteristic and Cultivated Adaptability in 28 Rhododendron Cultivars 2015, 5 (9):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0831 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 1510KB )   ( 941 ) Abstract: 【The purpose of this study was to have a good understanding of the characteristic of the introduced rhododendron resources and to screen the appropriate variety for local cultivation 】 We compared with 28 newly introduced Rhododendron cultivars, in which the main flowering characteristics and main cultivation adaptability index such as flower petals, blossom rate and survival rate were observed and analyzed for 3 consecutive years. The results showed that significant differences in flowering characteristics and main cultivation adaptability among the cultivars. 28 Rhododendron cultivars were classified according to defoliation, flower color, flower petals, flower duration, as well as the cultivation adaptability. We finally selected four cultivars including ‘Wucai Xiajuan’, ‘Laodong Xunzhang’, ‘Tian Zhang’, ‘Hui Huang’, which were suitable for application in Hangzhou.

  Study on Chemical Components of essential oil from fresh and dried banana bud by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 2015, 5 (9):  87-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas14110013 Abstract + ( 1927 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 1199 ) The essential oil of fresh and dried banana bud was extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology, and their compositions and relative contents were quantitatively determined by GC-MS with peak areas normalization method. The result indicated that 13 and 14 compounds were identified from fresh and dried banana bud respectively, and 9 compounds were presented in both fresh and dried samples but the percentage contents were obvious difference. The major compositions of fresh banana bud were 9,19-Cycloergost-24(28)-en-3-ol,4,14 –dimethyl-,acetate,-(3á,4à,5à)- (49.04%), 1-Heneicosyl formate (10.84%), Tritetracontane (10.39%), 9-Octadecenamide,(Z)- (9.12%), Ethanol,2-(octadecyloxy)- (6.83%). The major compositions of dried banana bud were 9,19-Cycloergost-24(28) -en-3-ol,4,14 -dimethyl-,acetate,(3á,4à,5à)- (34.18%), 1-Heptacosanol (17.89%), 1-Heneicosyl formate (17.22%), Ethanol,2-(octadecyloxy)- (10.16%), 9-Octadecenamide,(Z)- (5.67%).

  Advances of Research on the Virus elimination in Lily 2015, 5 (9):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010034 Abstract + ( 1434 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 1215 ) Lily virus disease was a kind of important diseases, which affected the economic, ornamental value of Lily and seriously restricted the development of Lily industry. Virus elimination technique was one of the best methods to remove lily virus disease and produce virus-free seedling and seed balls.This paper expatiated virus elimination techniques that used frequently in recent years. Those techniques included shoot tip culture, bullet culture, heat treatment, chemical treatment, the combined application of those methods and super low temperature treatment which had been newly developed in recent years,And pointed out new research direction to provide reference for the production of virus-free Lily seedling.

  Research Advance of Artemisia argyi Repelling Mosquitoes and Other Insects 2015, 5 (9):  96-99.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas14120023 Abstract + ( 2242 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 2674 ) The research advances related to active ingredients and its extraction methods,repellent objects and methods of Artemisia argyi were summarized in this article,and the existing problems of Artemisia argyi repellent development were analysed in order to provide reference for its repellent function research and comprehensive exploitation.

  Preliminary Study on Hardwood Cutting Technology Of Ilex verticillata 张新叶,, and 2015, 5 (9):  100-103.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb14100125 Abstract + ( 1529 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 1181 ) Cutting propagation is one of the main Seedling breeding method for Ilex verticillata.Using Ilex verticillata’s elite cultivar Oosterwijk as the test material in Wuhan, This paper studied hardwood cutting technology of Oosterwijk From the different rooting hormone treatment, cutting time, cutting etc. The results showed that in the autumn, choosing strong branches, clipping the base to the central part of the shear as cuttings, rooting powder with 911 1 quick dip for hardwood cuttings, can guarantee the rooting rate of more than 80% in Wuhan.

  Analysis on the Factors Affecting Honeybee Pollination Efficiency for Agricultural Crops 2015, 5 (9):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0890 Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 1200KB )   ( 1244 ) Crops pollination deficiency is becoming one of the serious problems in agricultural production in China. Honeybee is naturally an efficient pollinator, and was breed on a large scale in China, thus should be applied in solving the crop pollination deficient problem. When using the honeybee to pollinate crops, the attractiveness of crops to honeybee is different due to the difference in nectar and pollen secretion. While the requirement for food between the large and small colony is different, leading to the difference in foraging preference for pollen or nectar. Those differences ultimately affect the efficiency in using honeybee pollination for crops. To explore the appropriate colony scale for different nectar and pollen secretion crops and efficiently utilizing honeybee for crops pollination, nectar and pollen secretion of crops were classified to several types. Then the biological characteristics of bee colony related to pollination such as colony internal requirements and foraging preference were detail discussed. Lastly, a conclusion of utilizing large scale bee colony pollinating for more nectar secretion crops type, and small scale colony around 3-4 comps pollinating for more pollen less nectar secretion crops type were drew. Such a conclusion was theoretic important and could be used for directing honeybee pollination for crops.

  A preliminary study of rising temperature on immune-related enzyme and MDA content in family of sea urchins(Strongylocentrotus intermedius) with different color tube feet and red, white Strongylocentrotus intermedius 2015, 5 (9):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas14110017 Abstract + ( 1939 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 1015 ) The experiment studied the change of immune-related enzyme and MDA content in rising temperature. The activities of SOD, CAT, POD, LZM and the content of MDA in family of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) with different color tube feet were analyzed. The result show that:(1)In rising temperature, the change of SOD,CAT,POD,LZM were trend to increased and to decreased in RR, RW, WR, WW family of sea urchins, the activities of SOD were 2.39 ~4.36U/ml, 2.79 ~5.17U/ml, 2.71 ~4.97U/ml,3.66 ~5.69U/ml respectively; the activities of CAT were 63.02 ~112.76U/ml, 62.47 ~169.37U/ml, 66.40 ~140.77U/ml, 72.29 ~149.20U/ml respectively; the activities of POD were 1.65 ~14.59U/ml, 0.89 ~13.88U/ml, 2.08 ~14.68U/ml, 2.49 ~15.62U/ml respectively; the activities of LZM were 9.82 ~109.23U/ml, 12.10 ~110.37U/ml, 7.82 ~112.16U/ml, 11.18 ~107.83U/ml respectively; the activity of MDA first reduced and then increased in RR, RW and WR family, the content of MDA were 0.97 ~2.34nmol/ml, 0.82 ~2.40nmol/ml, 0.96 ~2.23nmol/ml, the activity of MDA in WW family was trend to increased, the content of MDA was 1.55 ~2.60nmol/ml. (2)The change of SOD,CAT,POD,LZM were trend to increased and to decreased in red and white tube feet S. intermedius, the activity of MDA first reduced and then increased in red tube feet sea urchins, and increased in white tube feet sea urchins. (3) In rising temperature, the activity of SOD, CAT in RR family was more sensitive than WW family, the content of MDA in RR family was lower than in WW family; the activity of SOD, POD in red tube feet sea urchins was more sensitive than in white tube feet sea urchins(P<0.05); in 26℃ the activity of POD had significant difference(P<0.05). These result revealed that family of sea urchins presented in the aspect temperature sensitively and adaptability strongly whose foster parents were the red tube feet sea urchins.

  Approach and practice of Climate-smart agriculture 2015, 5 (9):  117-124.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010030 Abstract + ( 2516 )   PDF ( 1373KB )   ( 1379 ) [Objective] “Climate-smart agriculture”(CSA) is agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, resilience (adaptation), reduces greenhouse gases (mitigation), and enhances achievement of national food security and adaptability of climate change.[Method]The review introduced the background, definition and approach of CSA, and presented the practice pattern and successful cases in the world. [Result] CSA is a kind of new agricultural development option. For this, necessary transformation should be made in current agricultural system through integrated soil, water, genetic resources and food value chain management. [Conclusion]China needs to promote the development of CSA on the basis of global experiences and its national conditions.

  Research on the evaluation of Zhangjiajie city of agricultural flood disaster riskXin Xuefei1 Huang Ping2 Huang Jun3 Tan Lei4 2015, 5 (9):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas14120022 Abstract + ( 1361 )   PDF ( 1342KB )   ( 1066 ) Flooding is a high frequency and heavy damage in a natural disaster. So for flood disaster risk assessment, can effectively reduce disaster losses, improve the social and economic benefits. This study used SangZhi, yongding, zhangjiajie area CiLi three sites precipitation data from 1981 to 2010, and the major crops planting area, flood affected area, zhangjiajie inundated area, food and production quantity, and other data, flood risk assessment model is established. According to the daily rainfall data of gamma gamma distribution characteristics, fitting, then analyzed and calculated in zhangjiajie is mainly the eigenvalues of the crop water requirement, for flood risk assessment of major crops. The results show that the high probability of zhangjiajie regional flood risk, relatively low level of flood risk probability is higher; Crop the probability of flooding risk increase gradually from west to east, the greater the water requirement of crops, the lower the probability of flooding risk.

  Land-lost farmers psychological adapt to situation and guide the path analysis 2015, 5 (9):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb14120027 Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 1093 ) In order to know the psychological adaption of land-lost farmers and measure influence of living environmental changes, land- lost farmers on Xiazhuang Street in Qingdao were investigated. The results showed that the survival crisis, identity confusion, inferiority caused by social discrimination, anxiety and other psychological problems of land-lost farmers appeared in different degrees. According to the survey, the author put forward countermeasures and suggestions, such as enhancing farmers’skills, introducing social work services and strengthening the government guarantee from the aspects of farmer, community and government, which could serve as the references for land-lost farmers’role transformation.

  Study on Importance of Horticultural Crops in Kunming - Qujing Green Economy Demonstration Belt 2015, 5 (9):  135-140.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010040 Abstract + ( 1539 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 1010 ) As labor-intensive industry in modern agriculture, modern horticulture and related industries play special role in ensuring social stability. It briefly described the provincial party committee, the provincial government in order to speed up the development of economy and promote the urbanization process, put forward the construction in Kunming-Qujing green economy demonstration belt in Yunnan, in addition, horticultural crops yield per unit land area is much higher than other crops, according to investigation. Thus, horticultural crops were of great significance not only in Kunming-Qujing green economy demonstration belt, but also in promoting the economic development of residents surrounding the belt, and played a demonstration role for Yunnan Province. As well as put forward 5 suggestions for policy makers or reader reference.