Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0027

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on the growth and yield of Brassica napus L, ‘Yunyouza 28’ was used as materials to measure the growth period, agronomic traits, dry weight and yield under different treatments. 3 density gradients (D₁: 150000 plants/hm2, D₂: 285000 plants/hm2, D₃: 420000 plants/hm²) and 4 nitrogen application levels (N₁: 0 kg/hm², N₂: 75 kg/hm², N₃: 150 kg/hm², N₄: 225 kg/hm²) were set for the study. The results showed that under the same planting density, the whole growth period was extended with the increase of nitrogen application, the root neck diameter, leaf area, and total and green leaf numbers increased at the beginning and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application under D₁ density at flowering stage. Dry matter weight and yield both increased firstly, reached the maximum value under D₁N₂ and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application under each density. Under the same nitrogen application, the whole growth period was shortened with the increase of planting density. The root neck diameter, total leaf numbers, green leaf numbers and leaf area decreased with the increase of planting density at bolting and flowering stage. The dry matter weight and yield decreased with the increase of planting density in various periods. Planting density and nitrogen fertilizer had little influence on early growth and development, mainly from bolting and flowering stage. Planting density had greater effects on the yield and dry matter weight than nitrogen application, which affected the yield through the number of effective pods per plant. With the interaction of density and nitrogen fertilizer, D1₁N₂ treatment (density of 150000 plants/hm², nitrogen application amount of 75 kg/hm²) was the best, which had the highest plant height, the highest total number of leaves and green leaves, root neck diameter and leaf area, and the highest yield per plant and per unit area.

Key words: Brassica napus L, planting density, nitrogen application rate, yield

ZHAO Kaiqin, ZHANG Yusong, YAN Linxiang, LI Genze, LI Qinggang, LUO Yanqing. Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(1): 22-28.

Figures/Tables 4

References 30

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处理				五叶期					抽薹期						盛花期						成熟期						整株		收获指数/%
处理				地上部		根		整株	地上部			根		整株	地上部		根		整株		地上部		根		籽粒		整株		收获指数/%
D₁		N₁		1.58 ab		0.17 ab		1.75ab	12.36 abc			1.85 ab		14.21abc	55.74 ab		7.35 ab		63.09ab		41.75 a		7.94 ab		24.72 ab		74.41a		58.41 a
		N₂		1.65 ab		0.18 ab		1.83ab	15.19 a			2.32 a		17.51a	62.82 a		8.15 a		70.97a		44.10 a		8.33 a		25.91 a		78.34a		58.47 a
		N₃		1.80 ab		0.17 ab		1.97ab	13.37 ab			1.65 abc		15.02ab	42.39 abc		5.19 bc		47.58abc		48.09 a		8.03 ab		23.88 ab		80a		49.66 a
		N₄		1.83 a		0.23 a		2.06a	16.50 a			2.27 a		18.77a	54.63 abc		6.31 abc		60.94ab		45.85 a		8.21 a		21.38 abc		75.44a		46.63 a
D₂	N₁		1.13 b		0.09 b		1.22b			7.72 cd	1.20 bcd		8.92cd			36.60 abc		4.59 bc		41.19abc		24.52 b		5.53 bc		12.41 abcd		42.46b		50.61 a
	N₂		1.18 b		0.11 b		1.29b			7.76 cd	1.32 bcd		9.08bcd			43.60 abc		4.91 abc		48.51abc		27.78 b		4.69 c		10.58 cd		43.05b		38.08 a
	N₃		1.33 ab		0.16 ab		1.49ab			9.24 bcd	1.39 bcd		10.63bcd			31.14 bc		3.33 c		34.47bc		27.11 b		4.47 c		13.57 bcd		45.15b		50.06 a
	N₄		1.53 ab		0.13 ab		1.66ab			8.54 bcd	1.11 cd		9.65bcd			33.71 abc		3.17 c		36.88bc		28.45 b		4.46 c		13.25 bcd		46.16b		46.57 a
D₃	N₁		1.09 b		0.13 ab		1.22ab			5.84 d	1.01 cd		6.85d			26.79 bc		3.03 c		29.82c		21.18 b		3.85 c		10.71 cd		35.74b		50.57 a
	N₂		1.22 b		0.12 b		1.34b			5.96 d	0.90 d		6.86d			32.10 bc		3.53 c		35.63bc		22.11 b		4.44 c		9.37 d		35.92b		42.38 a
	N₃		1.43 ab		0.16 ab		1.59ab			6.60 d	1.01 cd		7.61d			26.83 bc		3.35 c		30.18c		25.53 b		4.22 c		13.68 bcd		43.43b		53.58 a
	N₄		1.49 ab		0.14 ab		1.63ab			8.19 bcd	1.29 bcd		9.48bcd			25.59 c		3.01 c		28.6c		23.22 b		3.93 c		11.35 cd		38.5b		48.88 a
方差分析			F值
密度(D)			3.0^ns							25.1^**						16.0^**						53.3^**								1.3^ns
施氮量(N)			0.3^ns							4.6^*						2.7^ns						2.4^ns								1.2^ns
D×N			5.2^**							8.1^**						1.6^ns						4.7^*								0.4^ns

处理				五叶期					抽薹期						盛花期						成熟期						整株		收获指数/%
处理				地上部		根		整株	地上部			根		整株	地上部		根		整株		地上部		根		籽粒		整株		收获指数/%
D₁		N₁		1.58 ab		0.17 ab		1.75ab	12.36 abc			1.85 ab		14.21abc	55.74 ab		7.35 ab		63.09ab		41.75 a		7.94 ab		24.72 ab		74.41a		58.41 a
		N₂		1.65 ab		0.18 ab		1.83ab	15.19 a			2.32 a		17.51a	62.82 a		8.15 a		70.97a		44.10 a		8.33 a		25.91 a		78.34a		58.47 a
		N₃		1.80 ab		0.17 ab		1.97ab	13.37 ab			1.65 abc		15.02ab	42.39 abc		5.19 bc		47.58abc		48.09 a		8.03 ab		23.88 ab		80a		49.66 a
		N₄		1.83 a		0.23 a		2.06a	16.50 a			2.27 a		18.77a	54.63 abc		6.31 abc		60.94ab		45.85 a		8.21 a		21.38 abc		75.44a		46.63 a
D₂	N₁		1.13 b		0.09 b		1.22b			7.72 cd	1.20 bcd		8.92cd			36.60 abc		4.59 bc		41.19abc		24.52 b		5.53 bc		12.41 abcd		42.46b		50.61 a
	N₂		1.18 b		0.11 b		1.29b			7.76 cd	1.32 bcd		9.08bcd			43.60 abc		4.91 abc		48.51abc		27.78 b		4.69 c		10.58 cd		43.05b		38.08 a
	N₃		1.33 ab		0.16 ab		1.49ab			9.24 bcd	1.39 bcd		10.63bcd			31.14 bc		3.33 c		34.47bc		27.11 b		4.47 c		13.57 bcd		45.15b		50.06 a
	N₄		1.53 ab		0.13 ab		1.66ab			8.54 bcd	1.11 cd		9.65bcd			33.71 abc		3.17 c		36.88bc		28.45 b		4.46 c		13.25 bcd		46.16b		46.57 a
D₃	N₁		1.09 b		0.13 ab		1.22ab			5.84 d	1.01 cd		6.85d			26.79 bc		3.03 c		29.82c		21.18 b		3.85 c		10.71 cd		35.74b		50.57 a
	N₂		1.22 b		0.12 b		1.34b			5.96 d	0.90 d		6.86d			32.10 bc		3.53 c		35.63bc		22.11 b		4.44 c		9.37 d		35.92b		42.38 a
	N₃		1.43 ab		0.16 ab		1.59ab			6.60 d	1.01 cd		7.61d			26.83 bc		3.35 c		30.18c		25.53 b		4.22 c		13.68 bcd		43.43b		53.58 a
	N₄		1.49 ab		0.14 ab		1.63ab			8.19 bcd	1.29 bcd		9.48bcd			25.59 c		3.01 c		28.6c		23.22 b		3.93 c		11.35 cd		38.5b		48.88 a
方差分析			F值
密度(D)			3.0^ns							25.1^**						16.0^**						53.3^**								1.3^ns
施氮量(N)			0.3^ns							4.6^*						2.7^ns						2.4^ns								1.2^ns
D×N			5.2^**							8.1^**						1.6^ns						4.7^*								0.4^ns

处理			单株角果数/个		角粒数/粒		千粒重/g		单株产量/g		小区产量/kg
D₁	N₁		418.00 abc		17.67 a		0.48 a		23.08 abc		8.47 bc
	N₂		420.60 abc		19.23 a		0.50 a		25.59 a		9.91 a
	N₃		479.27 ab		18.43 a		0.49 a		24.82 ab		9.86 a
	N₄		510.40 a		19.60 a		0.51 a		21.38 abcd		8.26 bc
D₂		N₁		201.33 d		18.80 a		0.50 a		13.68 bcde		8.28 bc
		N₂		274.03 cd		16.73 a		0.47 a		13.57 bcde		8.17 bc
		N₃		327.20 bcd		19.63 a		0.50 a		16.41 abcde		8.79 b
		N₄		212.00 d		18.13 a		0.47 a		13.25 cde		7.66 c
D₃		N₁		174.33 d		16.20 a		0.49 a		10.58 de		7.67 a
		N₂		188.00 d		16.93 a		0.45 a		9.36 e		7.97 bc
		N₃		226.93 d		21.13 a		0.51 a		14.05 de		8.03 bc
		N₄		162.00 d		18.40 a		0.49 a		11.35 de		8.07 bc
方差分析ANOVA				F值
密度(D)				67.5^**		0.1		1.1		34.4^**		3.0
施氮量(N)				2.8^*		0.2		0.9		0.4		2.0
D×N				1.3		1.3		1.7		1.0		1.8

处理			单株角果数/个		角粒数/粒		千粒重/g		单株产量/g		小区产量/kg
D₁	N₁		418.00 abc		17.67 a		0.48 a		23.08 abc		8.47 bc
	N₂		420.60 abc		19.23 a		0.50 a		25.59 a		9.91 a
	N₃		479.27 ab		18.43 a		0.49 a		24.82 ab		9.86 a
	N₄		510.40 a		19.60 a		0.51 a		21.38 abcd		8.26 bc
D₂		N₁		201.33 d		18.80 a		0.50 a		13.68 bcde		8.28 bc
		N₂		274.03 cd		16.73 a		0.47 a		13.57 bcde		8.17 bc
		N₃		327.20 bcd		19.63 a		0.50 a		16.41 abcde		8.79 b
		N₄		212.00 d		18.13 a		0.47 a		13.25 cde		7.66 c
D₃		N₁		174.33 d		16.20 a		0.49 a		10.58 de		7.67 a
		N₂		188.00 d		16.93 a		0.45 a		9.36 e		7.97 bc
		N₃		226.93 d		21.13 a		0.51 a		14.05 de		8.03 bc
		N₄		162.00 d		18.40 a		0.49 a		11.35 de		8.07 bc
方差分析ANOVA				F值
密度(D)				67.5^**		0.1		1.1		34.4^**		3.0
施氮量(N)				2.8^*		0.2		0.9		0.4		2.0
D×N				1.3		1.3		1.7		1.0		1.8